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    Complications

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    JeNggo's YouNgest
    This document reviews several potential complications that can occur during well kill operations including: 1) Mechanical complications such as partially plugged or washed out chokes, plugged tubing strings, or broken u-tubes which can be identified by unexpected pressure changes and mitigated through isolation and equipment replacement. 2) Pressure related issues like higher than expected casing pressures, trapped gas pressures, or pressure on the casing due to downhole barriers which require procedures to safely circulate under high pressures. 3) Fluid losses through permeable formations or fractures which are addressed by pumping additional fluid volumes to replace losses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Complications

    Uploaded by

    JeNggo's YouNgest
    20 views17 pages
    This document reviews several potential complications that can occur during well kill operations including: 1) Mechanical complications such as partially plugged or washed out chokes, plugged tubing strings, or broken u-tubes which can be identified by unexpected pressure changes and mitigated through isolation and equipment replacement. 2) Pressure related issues like higher than expected casing pressures, trapped gas pressures, or pressure on the casing due to downhole barriers which require procedures to safely circulate under high pressures. 3) Fluid losses through permeable formations or fractures which are addressed by pumping additional fluid volumes to replace losses.

    Original Title

    15. Complications

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    This document reviews several potential complications that can occur during well kill operations including: 1) Mechanical complications such as partially plugged or washed out chokes, plugged tubing strings, or broken u-tubes which can be identified by unexpected pressure changes and mitigated through isolation and equipment replacement. 2) Pressure related issues like higher than expected casing pressures, trapped gas pressures, or pressure on the casing due to downhole barriers which require procedures to safely circulate under high pressures. 3) Fluid losses through permeable formations or fractures which are addressed by pumping additional fluid volumes to replace losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views17 pages

    Complications

    Uploaded by

    JeNggo's YouNgest
    This document reviews several potential complications that can occur during well kill operations including: 1) Mechanical complications such as partially plugged or washed out chokes, plugged tubing strings, or broken u-tubes which can be identified by unexpected pressure changes and mitigated through isolation and equipment replacement. 2) Pressure related issues like higher than expected casing pressures, trapped gas pressures, or pressure on the casing due to downhole barriers which require procedures to safely circulate under high pressures. 3) Fluid losses through permeable formations or fractures which are addressed by pumping additional fluid volumes to replace losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Complications

    Objectives

    • Review types of Complication, Fluids Loss and Broken U-tube

    • Mechanical Complications while circulating


    - Diagnose unexpected pressure changes to identify common complications during well
    kill operations.
    - Apply the mitigation steps to correctly respond to the mechanical complications.

    • Pressure related complications


    - Casing pressure
    - Trapped gas pressure
    - Flow assurance
    Complications

    • Broken U-tube (hole in the tubing string or casing)

    • Unexpected pressure on casing

    • Trapped pressure

    • Mechanical complications while circulating

    • Parraffins and Asphaltenes


    Fluid Loss
    • How can you identify fluid loss?
    • Returns are less than amount pumped

    • Causes
    • Clear fluids
    • Permeable formations
    • Older producing formations

    • Corrective action:
    • Pump additional fluid volume
    Broken U-tube
    • Examples:
    • Cross-flow
    • Hole in (or collapsed) tubing / casing
    • Major fluid losses including formation fracture

    • Typical indicators:
    • Rapid fluctuations in TP / CP
    • Numerous choke adjustments
    • Loss of communication between tubing and annulus
    • Higher pressures if tubing is partially collapsed

    Affects ability to maintain BHP constant


    Turning Point Question 1
    Surface
    During the first circulation of the Drillers Method, your team has
    been maintaining ICP. Watch the video and select the problem.

    1. Partially plugged choke


    2. Partially washed out choke
    3. Plugged Workstring
    4. Pump failure
    Complications – Partially Plugged String

    • How can you identify a partially plugged string?


    – TP 

    – CP (may see a slight fluctuation)

    • Corrective action:

    ❑ If during the first circulation, overbalance is known record new ICP

    New ICP = TP – O/B


    Complications – Partially Plugged String
    continuation…
    ❑ If during the first circulation, overbalance is not known:

    1. Shut down to determine overbalance holding BHP constant (Maintain CP


    constant)
    2. Shut the well in
    3. Recalculate OB (re-bump float if in workstring)
    4. Determine CP to maintain constant
    5. BPUTS and allow TP to stabilize
    6. Calculate and record new ICP

    ❑ If during the second circulation:


    ▪ Before KMW to end of string, continue holding CP constant until KMW
    reaches EOS
    ▪ After KMW to EOS, record new tubing pressure
    Turning Point Question 2
    Surface
    During the first circulation of the Drillers Method, your team has
    been maintaining ICP. Watch the video and select the problem

    1. Partially plugged choke


    2. Partially washed out choke
    3. Plugged workstring
    4. Pump failure
    Complications – Plugged Choke

    • How can you identify a plugged choke?


    – CP 
    – TP 

    • Corrective Action:
    1. Open choke attempt to stabilize pressures
    2. Shut-in well. (may be difficult to hold CP constant)
    3. Isolate and swap out
    4. Bump the float, calculate the overbalance
    5. BPUTS holding BHP constant, continue with circulation at original ICP
    Turning Point Question 3
    Surface
    During the first circulation of the Drillers Method, your team has
    been maintaining ICP. Watch the video and select the problem.

    1. Partially plugged choke


    2. Partially washed out choke
    3. Plugged string
    4. Pump failure
    Complications – Washed Out Choke
    • How can you identify a washed out choke?
    – CP 
    – TP 

    • Corrective Action:

    1. Close choke attempt to stabilize pressures

    2. Shut-in well. (may be difficult to hold CP constant)

    3. Isolate and swap out

    4. Bump the float, calculate the overbalance

    5. BPUTS holding BHP constant, cont’e with circulation at original ICP


    Turning Point Question 4
    While circulating to kill the well the fluid volume pump rate is 5 bbls/min and the returns are
    3 bbls/min. The total hole volume for a complete circulation was calculated to be 252 bbls.
    What would be the minimum volume that should be pumped for a complete circulation of the
    well bore?

    1. 252 bbls
    2. 420 bbls
    3. 151 bbls
    4. 504 bbls
    Pressure on Casing
    • Causes:
    • Packer / Seal assembly failure
    • Liner hanger packer failure
    • Failed or leaking control line
    • Hole in tubing / casing
    • Poor cement bond
    • Corrosion
    • Thermal effects

    ▪ While pumping, pressure could exceed the rated working pressure of the
    Well Head and Tubing or Casing burst pressure
    Trapped Pressure

    Examples
    • Below mechanical barriers
    • Gas below packer around the tailpipe
    • Behind closed valves

    ▪ Develop mitigation procedures during well


    planning for potential trapped pressure
    PKR

    Gas
    Paraffins and Asphaltenes
    • Organic deposits in well and in production facilities

    • Mechanical Removal
    – Scrapers and pigs thru flowlines and pipe lines
    – Paraffin cutters
    • Chemical Means
    – Solvents
    – Dispersants
    – Paraffin Inhibitors
    • Thermal Means
    – Insulating lines to prevent deposition
    – Heated treating vessels / flowlines

    Do you see a challenge for bullheading?


    Review

    • Review types of Complication, Fluids Loss and Broken U-tube


    • Mechanical Complications while circulating
    - Diagnose unexpected pressure changes to identify common complications during well
    kill operations.
    - Apply the mitigation steps to correctly respond to the mechanical complications.

    • Pressure related complications


    - Casing pressure
    - Trapped gas pressure
    - Flow assurance

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