EFFECT OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT ON

STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

AT PRIMARY LEVEL IN PRIVATE
SECTOR OF TEHSIL PHALIA

Subtain Anjum
BN658230

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITYISLAMABAD

May – 2019
Subtain Anjum Effect of Parental Involvement on Student Academic Achievements at Primary Level B.Ed (1.5 year) 2019
Effect of Parental Involvement on Student’s Academic
Achievements at Primary level in Private Sector
of Tehsil Phalia

By

Subtain Anjum
BN658230

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

B.Ed. (1.5 year) program in Teacher Education at
Education Department
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD

May – 2019
© Subtain Anjum, 2019
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST MERCIFUL THE MOST COMPASSIONATE AND THE
MOST BENEFICENT

ii
 Faculty of Education
Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad

APPROVAL FORM

The research project attached hereto, titled Effect of Parental Involvement on

Student’s Academic Achievements at Primary level in Private Sector of Tehsil
Phalia. Proposed and submitted by Subtain Anjum Roll No: BN658230. In partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.Ed. (1.5 year) “Teacher Education”
is hereby accepted.

Supervisor: (Signature)

(Mr. Babar Shahzad)

Evaluator: (Signature)

( )

Dated: _______________________

(Day-Month-Year)

iii
 DECLARATION

I SUBTAIN ANJUM Son of UMAR HAYAT Roll No: BN658230 Registration #

17-PMB-01802. A student of B.Ed. (1.5 year) programme at Allama Iqbal Open
University do hereby solemnly declare that the research project entitled ’’ Effect
of Parental Involvement on Student’s Academic Achievements at Primary level
in Private Sector of Tehsil Phalia” submitted by me in partial fulfillment of B.Ed.
(1.5 year) program , is my original work, and has not been submitted or published
earlier. I also solemnly declare that it shall not, in future, be submitted by me for
obtaining any other degree from this or any other university or institution. I also
understand that if evidence of plagiarism is found in my thesis/dissertation at any
stage, even after the award of a degree, the work may be cancelled and the
degree revoked.

______________________________

Signature of Candidate

Date: ______________

___________Subtain Anjum__________

Name of Candidate

iv
 DEDICATION

This Research study dedicated to my Parents

Teachers who inspired me to higher ideas of my life
and
This is also dedicated to my friends Muhammad
Naveed Zafer, Muhammad Bilal, Fakhra
Azam and Tanzeela Rani.

v
 Research Project Submission Approval Form

Research Project entitled “Effect of Parental Involvement on Student’s Academic

Achievements at Primary level in Private Sector of Tehsil Phalia” Submitted by

Subtain Anjum Roll No: BN658230 Registration No: 17-PMB-01802 Programme

B.Ed (1.5 Years) has been read by me and has been found to be satisfactory regarding

its quality, content, language, format, citations, bibliographic style, and consistency,

and thus fulfills the qualitative requirements of this study. It is ready for submission to

Allama Iqbal Open University for evaluation.

________Mr. Babar Shahzad________

(Name of Supervisor)

Date: ______________________.

____________________________________

(Signature of Supervisor)

vi
 ABSTRACT

Now a Days education is very important for improvement of any nation or country in

the word. It has been the intension of the all govt that all the Childs going to School

and they get basic schooling education. In tehsil phalia, Mandi bahaud din there are

many education related problems. The major problem is that the parents seem to have

a lot of effect on Childs academic achievements in private and govt sectors. The

purpose of this study was to judge the effect of parental involvement on Students

academic Achievements of private schools in tehsil phalia, District Mandi bahaud

Din. A descriptive Survey was used for checking of the parental effects. For these

purpose 15 private primary schools as 06 headed by male teacher and 09 headed by

female teachers are selected. All head teachers of sample are selected. There were

selected 3 teachers (1 male and 2 female) and 15 students (07 male and 08 female)

from each school of the sample by random sampling. There was three type of

Questionnaires filled as by head teacher’s, teachers and from students with the help of

teachers. And collect all the information’s in the table and they are discussed under

the literature review. After the discussions the research study reach at that points the

parents in Tehsil phalia do not play their role properly and they could not give proper

attention to their children’s educations. Only some parents are serious about their

children’s educations. All head teachers and teacher are thinking that the parents

directly affect the children’s education Educations. This study recommends that all

the parents play their role in their children’s Educations to make the Pakistan to a

developed country.

Keywords: Education, Problems in Education, Descriptive Survey, parental

involvement, Primary Level

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Background of The Study………………………………………………2
1.2 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………….3
1.3 Research Objectives…………………………………………………….3
1.4 Research Questions……………………………………………………..4
1.5 Significance of the Study……………………………………………….4
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study…………………………………….4
1.7 Delimitations of the Study……………………………………………...5
1.8 Research Methodology…………………………………………………5
1.8.1 Type of Research Study………………………………………....5
1.8.2 Population……………………………………………………….5
1.8.3 Sampling Technique……………………………………………..5
1.8.4 Sample…………………………………………………………...6
1.8.5 Research Instrument……………………………………………..6
1.8.6 Data Collection…………………………………………………..6
1.8.7 Data Analysis……………………………………………………6
1.9 Operational Definitions…………………………………………………6

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITRATURE………………………….8

2.1 Parents Roles and Children Educational Achievements in Primary
Schools………………………………………………………………….8
2.2 The Economic Factors among oldsters and Educational Achievements
in Public Private Primary faculties………………………………10
2.3 Cultural Practices among oldsters and also the tutorial Achievements
in Public Private Primary faculties…………………………………….12
2.4 Parental Background of Pupils and also the tutorial Achievements of
Pupils in Public Private Primary faculties……………………………..14
2.5 Outline of connected Literature………………………………………..15

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………….16
3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………….16
3.2 Population……………………………………………………………...16
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique……………………………...............17
3.3.1 Sample………………………………………………………..17
3.3.2 Sampling Technique………………………………………….17
3.4 Instrumentation………………………………………………………...18
3.4.1 Head Teacher Questionnaire………………………………....18
3.4.2 Teacher Questionnaire………………………………………..19
3.4.3 Pupils Questionnaire………………………………………….19
3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instrument…………………………………19
3.5.1 Validity……………………………………………………….19
3.5.2 Reliability……………………………………………………19
3.6 Data Collection………………………………………………………...20
3.7 Data Analysis………………………………………………………….20

viii
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION…………………21
4.1 Questionnaires Reaction Rate…………………………………………21
4.2 Demographic Information’s of Respondents………………………….22
4.2.1 Demographic Information’s of Head Teacher…………………..23
4.2.2 Demographic Information’s of Teachers……………………….26
4.2.3 Demographic Information’s of Students………………………..30
4.3 Effect of Parental Involvement on academic Achievements in Private
Primary Schools……………………………………………………....32
4.3.1 Response of Head Teacher on parental Involvement…………...33
4.3.2 Response of Teacher on parental Involvement ………………...34
4.3.3 Response of Students on Parental Involvement………………...36

5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENTIONS……..37

5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………37
5.2 Findings………………………………………………………………..38
5.3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………..40
5.4 Recommendations……………………………………………………..41
5.5 Suggestions for furthers Studies……………………………………….42
Bibliography……………………………………..43

ix
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Name: Page No:

Table 3.1 Population size 17
Table 3.2 Population Average 18
Table 3.3 Sample size 18
Table 4.1 Questionnaires Reaction Rate 22
Table 4.2 Ages of head Teachers 23
Table 4.3 Professional Qualifications of Head Teachers 24
Table 4.4 Teaching Experience of Head Teacher 24
Table 4.5 Teaching Experience as a Head Teacher 25
Table 4.6 Ages of Teachers 26
Table 4.7 Professional Qualifications of Teachers 27
Table 4.8 Teaching Experience of Teacher 28
Table 4.9 Teacher length of stay in the same school 29
Table 4.10 Ages of Students 30
Table 4.11 Students length of stay in the same school 31
Table 4.12 Parental Influence on Academic Achievements 33
Table 4.13 Teacher Satisfaction response table 34
Table 4.14 Teachers Response 35
Table 4.15 Students Response 36

x
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page No:

Figure 4.1 Questionnaires Reaction Rate 22
Figure 4.2 Ages of head Teachers 23
Figure 4.3 Professional Qualifications of Head Teachers 24
Figure 4.4 Teaching Experience of Head Teacher 25
Figure 4.5 Teaching Experience as a Head Teacher 26
Figure 4.6 Ages of Teachers 27
Figure 4.7 Qualifications of Teachers 28
Figure 4.8 Teachers Teaching Experience 29
Figure 4.9 Teachers Stay in Same School 30
Figure 4.10 Ages of Students 31
Figure 4.11 Students length of stay 32

xi
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Page No:

1 Head Teacher Questionnaire 45
2 Teacher Questionnaire 46
3 Students Questionnaire 47
4 Approval Form for Research Study 48
5 Plagiarism Report 49
6 Evaluation Performa for Research Study 50

xii
 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

There are two variables in this research topic one is independent variable and

other is dependent variable. The parental involvements are independent variable and

student’s academic achievement is dependent variable. How depend on parental

involvement.

Parental involvement means what are behaviors of parents about their

children’s education. What is the future planning of the parents about their children’s?

What’s whishes of parents about their children’s education? Parental involvement also

shows the importance of education of children’s. Almost all the parents are very

interested in their children’s education and also worried about this, so for this they can

chose best institutions for their child education and also chose best syllabus for this.

Some parents are visiting the children’s school, also meet with teachers and school

managements time to time. And they can collect children’s reports and feedback at a

time from school and colleges.

An academic achievement means the destinations of the students as well as the

parents. In early age child could not know about own self, about studies and needs of

society. At this position the parents are play very important role, they can give

directions to their child. They can produce the child interest in education. In

childhood student can totally fellow their parents and they can fulfill parent’s

instructions. So the parents can give the directions to their Childs as own whishes.

The children can fellow their parents and they can do everything’s for parents. After
 2

childhood the Parents gives a motivation to the children’s and make the sense of child

about own studies. At primary level students cannot do any things own self they

totally depend on their parents and teachers. The parents and teacher can built the

students behaviors and control all the activities of children’s.

The parents of children’s whose children’s are studies in private institution

they are more sensitive as respect to the parents of children’s whose child’s are

studies in govt institution. These parents pay much more money as a fee to

institutions, and they can spend much more money on the children’s studies. My

research interest about this topic is the fact that some students perform very well n

school while some are in very bad conditions. When this difference traced then finds

the effect of family background as well as parents.

1.1 Background of the Study

Education is very important for economic progresses of any country

(According to UNICEF, 2007). Now a day’s education is necessary for all peoples

without education the life is very hard because word change to technology. Now a

days we see that the strong competition between peoples, to overcome this

competition the education is necessary for our children’s.

Parental involvement is the one of the most important topic in these days for

researchers, organizations and govt. Today the parents are very serious about their

children education. (Hill and Chao 2009, Hoover, 2001 & Sheldon, 2002). The

academic achievements of any students are affected by parent’s especially primary

education. In primary education the student are motivated by parents to perform well

in school. When the student is encourage by parents they take more efforts to perform

well in the school. It is the responsibility of the parents to avoid from irresponsible
 3

behaviors and avoid from local traditions such as early marriage of child. (According

to booth, 1996), Absence of the parents from home mostly effects the children

education. (According to UNICEF, 2007), the academic achievements have been low

due to low ability of parents to control or discipline their children’s. The students do

well if he monitored by parents at home. (According to Carl, 2009), children required

all the basic needs for betterment in education or do well at school, Such as hungry

Students do not put their attentions on study. To improve child learning, it is

necessary to provide good environment for studies and control his activities such as

Television time (Clauss, 2006).

Many factors are affecting the student’s academic Achievements which factors

are either related to school or home. Some other factors also affect the student

academic achievements, such as student disability or student intelligence etc but this

effect in very rear case.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

There are many factors that affect the student’s achievements in Pakistan, such

as minimum facilities in school, minimum no of teaches, no discipline, no good

environment for studies, financial problems, parental involvement etc. but the effect

of parents on students achievements is most important to discuss. This research is

“To determine the effect of parental involvement on student’s academic achievement

at primary level in private sector of tehsil phalia during one year session (2018-2019).

1.3 Research Objectives

1. To assess the effect of parental involvement on Students Academic achievements

at primary level
 4

2. To assess the parental background effect on students achievements at primary

level

3. To check any effect of culture on students academic achievements at primary level

4. Check the Differences between Academic achievements with respect to parental

involvement

1.4 Research Questions

1. Is there any difference between the students with respect to parental involvement?

2. What is relationship between parental involvement and students achievements?

3. Does the parental background effect on students achievements at primary level?

4. Is any effect of culture on student’s academic achievements at primary level?

5. Who to effect irresponsible parents their children’s academic achievement?

6. What is a significant effect of parental involvement on student academic

achievement at primary level in private sector of tehsil Phalia?

1.5 Significance of The Study

1. This research will motivate teachers and head of institution to get parental

involvement for increasing student’s academic achievements.

2. This research will describe the importance of parental involvement to the Ministry

of education to come up with seminar to educate the parents on their duties.

3. This research will give directions to the researcher to studies further about this

factor that effects the Students Academic achievements.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

Duration for this research thesis was very small it is about three to four

months. And this time the academic session was going to be end, and not possible to

observe the behavior of each students of whole year.

 5

1.7 Delimitations of the Study

In this study, the effects of other factors who could also affect the student’s

academic achievements were not considered. In this research study it was not able to

visit all the School of whole tehsil. So this research study was conducted in some

school of the nearest area from my home. And in this research study took only 5th

class from the sample of whole population.

1.8 Research Methodology

1.8.1 Type of Research Study

The type of my research is checking out the effect of parental involvement on

students academic achievements at primary level in private Sector of tehsil Phalia.

1.8.2 Population

The population of my research was primary school classes from play group to

grade five of private sector of tehsil phalia. In this population all the school included

that’s administrated by male and female head teachers. All the primary school in

tehsil phalia was mixed students as male and female students.

1.8.3 Sampling Technique

In this research study arranged all of the student’s names with respect to

alphabet order and then select require no of students, teachers and head teachers.

There was equal chance of all the males and females to be selected. Random sampling

was used to make the sample of the whole population and the sample will express

whole population of the tehsil phalia.

 6

1.8.4 Sample

Sample was selected from population with respect to population. Percentage was used

to determine that how many persons to be selected and every person have been equal

chance of selection and all persons were selected by random sampling.

1.8.5 Research Instruments

In this research questionnaire was used. A questionnaire is the best way of

getting data and it develops for research study. Both types of questionnaire was used

in this research such as open ended questions and close ended questions.

Questionnaire will be easy to use also for the large population.

1.8.6 Data Collection

For the collection of data developed different questionnaire for all the parts of

the population and for the selected sample. The questionnaire will be filled by the

teachers, head teacher and also for the students.

1.8.7 Data Analysis

After collection of data next step is analysis of the data. Data was organized

and it was well-defined and Data was processing for getting result according to the

research topic.

1.9 Operational Definitions

Parental Involvement: The interest of the parents about their children’s studies.

What’s effort of parents about their children’s education?

Academic achievements: Student academic achievements mean the role of a student

in class, student progress about studies, interest of the student, also student

understanding and also student wiliness about studies.

 7

Primary level: Primary level means the classes from play group to grade Five. This

consists at eight different classes. 1st three classes as play group, nursery and prep are

consider as pre primary classes.

SPSS: This is the software that is use for the analysis of data SPSS means Statistical

package for social science.

 8

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITRATURE

The literature review consists on the parental roles, economic issues,

cultural things and parental educational background that affect the educational

Achievements of children’s in several components of the word. And these factors also

affect in District Mandi Bahaud Din, Tehsil Phalia.

2.1 Parents Roles and Children Educational Achievements in

Primary Schools

Parents have duties to play your role in promoting educational Achievements

of their children’s in any public and private school. Their children at their early ages

force them to require parental roles that they're not absolutely prepared for. Such

children’s don't move at college and higher education. Such behaviors are common

to parents in Tehsil Phalia. The study solely centered on parental roles and

educational Achievements. It's counseled that oldsters ought to take their response-

bilities so as to push tutorial standards of their children’s. It is the role of the fogeys to

confirm that youngsters be a part of faculty at the desired time. They ought to also get

entangled at school activities that promote learning of their youngsters. Academic

success is achieved through parental support. Youngsters can place lots of effort in

education as long as their oldsters encourage them. Oldsters ought to conjointly

guarantee that youngsters attend faculty on regular basis. However, some oldsters

don't take it as their responsibility (UNICEF, 2007).Learning extends on the far side

the schoolroom and it includes home and community encouragement. It’s a parental
 9

role to confirm that the surrounding of a baby reception promotes learning. Oldsters

must have a positive attitude towards education which can successively encourage a

baby to find out. Oldsters have authority over youngster absence, type of reading

materials reception and excessive TV looking. Availableness of reading materials

promotes learning. Some operating oldsters lack enough time for his or her youngsters

resulting in their low academic accomplishment (Caroline & Clauss, 2006). In step

with Kibera and Kimokoti (2007), Countable oldsters take their youngsters to high

school at the correct age and such oldsters are educated. The study showed that

youngsters of educated oldsters have advantage over those of illiterate oldsters. This

can be common in most African countries. Mwoma, (2010) established that

accountable fathers with average education level promote tutorial Achievements of

their youngsters. The study but centered solely on one parent (father). The research

worker meant to think about each oldster within the study.

Due to their loose behaviors that involve abuse of alcohol, some oldsters

neither attend faculty conferences nor follow up tutorial work of their youngsters

at school. Their youngsters are principally embarrassed with this behavior and that

they are forced to deceive faculty administration that they're orphan. Such youngsters

decline in tutorial work (D.N, Oct twenty fourth, 2011). This study thought-

about solely the parental roles. Some parents resign their parental roles to

housemaids that promotes trait among their youngsters. This conjointly results in low

tutorial accomplishment at college. In addition, oldsters ought to avoid taking their

youngsters to pre-schools and boarding primary faculties whereas terribly young. This

denies them parental care. When some parents smoke, take alcohol or attend discos in

presence of their youngsters, they make them extend the identical habit to high

school (MOEST, 2001).Parents must produce sturdy bonds between them and
 10

their youngsters to push tutorial success. Several oldsters are but unable to try and

do therefore. Currently, most oldsters in Republic of Kenya don't play their role as

they lack time for his or her youngsters. Most youngsters thus lack role models

from their immediate atmosphere. Generally youngsters copy unhealthy behaviors

from their parents taking them to colleges. Once such behaviors are noted

by lecturers, a child is punished or suspended. This results in poor tutorial

Achievements. Several families in Pakistan nowadays face economic hardships that

build them suffer magnified hostility, lack of family heat and support. Once oldsters

become pessimistic, and lose confidence in their parenting ability and youngsters

conjointly lack motivation to find out resulting in poor tutorial accomplishment

(Ngwiri, 2008).

2.2 The Economic Factors among oldsters and Educational

Achievements in Public Private Primary faculties

Many number of kids out of college because of economic condition in

Pakistan. In most countries of the globe like Islamic Republic of Pakistan, most

youngsters are either out of school or not attending faculty often (D.N, Gregorian

calendar month fourteenth, 2012). in step with Onzim (2010), there's a correlation

between socio- economic standing of the parent and pupils instructional attainment.

The study was distributed in St.Jude Primary School Malaba city council, Uganda.

The study but solely centered on economic status of fogeys. In Africa, African

nation is that the worst with ten.5 million youngsters out of school. Different

countries embrace Ethiopia, Tanzania, Morocco and African country. Most children

fail to attend faculty so as to figure to supplement family financial gain (D.N,

November fourteenth, 2012).The report solely centered on economic factors and

 11

pupils faculty attendance going away out different factors. in step with Kibera and

Kimokoti (2007), people of high socio-economic standing can continuously send their

youngsters to high school earlier than those of low socio economic standing. This can

be as a result of they need resources to spend on them from preschool education and

on the far side. Poor oldsters generally do not send their youngsters to high school.

Additionally to causing their youngsters to high school early, people of high socio-

economic standing produce a contributing learning atmosphere at home. In terms of

educational Achievements, such youngsters tend to perform higher than those from

low economic standing family. The educational aspirations of kids also are positively

associated with the socio- economic standing of the fogeys.

In Pakistan, findings have established that the gap between made and also

the poor tend to widen as youngsters (girls) grow, youngsters from underprivileged

background increasing needs to contribute to accommodate hold financial gain. In

order to they don't attend faculty often leading to poor Achievements. A baby is

probably going to be listed at school if he comes from a up rise family. Poor

households are also unable to afford the price of schooling. Girls from poor

households are unlikely to register in grammar school compared to the boys from the

identical households. This can be because of parental preference for boys

over women education within the face of inadequate resources (Mariara, 2006).

The research worker found out that parental factors influence tutorial Achievements

of each boys and women. Due to economic hardships, some oldsters are unable to

support their youngsters well in education. Oldsters get pessimistic resulting in lack of

heat within the family. They also lose confidence in upbringing of their youngsters.

The educational Achievements of the children is thus adversely affected (Ngwiri,

2008).
 12

2.3 Cultural Practices among oldsters and also the tutorial

Achievements in Public Private Primary faculties

According to the case study distributed by Onzima (2010) in St Jude grammar

school in Malaba city council, Uganda, faculty tutorial success conjointly depends on

the amount and also the sort of culture inheritable from the family. Families with a

positive attitude towards education tend to teach their youngsters. Youngsters learn

most values from the family early as well as those associated with education. It’s

counseled that parents emphasize would like for education to their youngsters early

otherwise they'll fail to reach faculty. Lack of stress on education to youngsters

has created most children fail in education in several African countries. The

study conjointly established that boys are seemingly to try and do higher than

women since as girls participate in domestic work, boys have beyond regular time to

check or play. Some oldsters don't contemplate education a priority. They see

youngsters, particularly women as variables for wedding and tending gardens. They

do not thus trouble to pay lots of resources on them. Instead, parent’s priotize by

food previous paying faculty fees or shopping for reading materials. Such parents

principally refuse build any contribution towards their youngster’s education. The

study unmarked different influencing factors like parental roles. in step with

D.N (November 22th, 2012) F.G.M is practiced in a minimum of twenty six African

countries prevalence varying from ninety eight at some point of African country to

five in Democratic Republic of Congo. Where this culture is practiced, most

youngsters terminate their formal education. In Kenya, 32% of woman aged

between fifteen and forty nine years have undergone this ceremony. Presently

once the ceremony, the girls are married off. The few UN agency stay don't
 13

concentrate well at school as they feel being adult and out of place. This culture is

common in Kuria East and Kuria West Districts additionally to different components

of the country, Nakuru North inclusive. Most girls endure FGM between seven and

ten years old. In some roving communities like the Masaai and Pokot, women are

forced to urge wedding early terminating their formal education regarding five

hundred women in secret endure the ceremony in west Pokot County during each

faculty vacation with the information of some native directors. Residents claim

it's their culture that is difficult to discard. The study but centered only on effects of

FGM on woman kid education going away out factors moving boy child (D.N,

Gregorian calendar month twenty second 2012). Among the roving communities

in japanese province, boys are generally withdrawn from faculty to herd animals. This

denies them time to study. Faculty attending in roving communities is low as a result

of it looks to interrupt the roving lives. Each loved one is anticipated to participate

within the family’s effort to form a method of bread and butter. Some boys also

are unbroken out of college by sand harvesting. wherever miraa is mature particularly

in japanese province (Meru), parents withdraw boys from faculties from category

four in order that they'll contribute to the household financial gain through

miraa harvest home (TSC, Vol.6 2004). In Nyanza province young boys

miss categories to assist their fathers in fishing activities. When boys accompany their

fathers at nighttime for fishing, they are unable to attend faculty the following

day because of temporary state. Such boys seldom do their preparation. As a result,

their academic Achievements is adversely affected (TSC, Vol. 16 2009).

 14

2.4 Parental Background of Pupils and also the tutorial achievements

of Pupils in Public Private Primary faculties

According to Dennis (2011), some pupils in Britain whose home atmosphere

isn't conducive for learning fail to try and do well at school. In such instances, oldsters

are involved in conflict often. As a result, pupils refuse to attend faculty or develop

disruptive behaviors. Separation of fogeys conjointly contributes to poor

Achievements of pupils at college. It’s counseled that oldsters produce a contributing

home atmosphere to promote learning for his or her youngsters. There's a correlation

statistics between parents” level of education and tutorial Achievements of their

youngsters. Fathers’ education level influences quite that of the mother. Educated

oldsters guide their youngsters and select showing wisdom what's necessary for them.

The findings tested that mother education level had a major impact on pupils

score, though the daddy had a stronger influence than the mother. In a study

distributed in St Jude grammar school in Malaba city Council, Uganda, children UN

agency performed poorly had their oldsters solely completed primary education level

(Onzima, 2010). Once KCPE (2011) results were being free, the minister for

education, academician Ongeri aforesaid that Counties with high accomplishment

levels in Republic of Pakistan register additional candidates and higher Achievements

than those wherever interest in education is low. The identical happens at individual

home that is that the immediate kid environment. The simplest county was Kirinyaga

with a mean score of 274.67 marks while Kwale and Tana stream Districts had a

mean score of 218.01 and 218.01 respectively (D.N, Gregorian calendar

month nineteenth, 2012).

 15

2.5 Outline of connected Literature

From the review of connected literature, it had been established that some

youngsters in developed countries are abandoned by their oldsters early in their lives

forcing them to take parental roles. In most African countries, most educated

oldsters take the responsibility of enrolling their youngsters to high school early in

contrast to those from illiterate parents. Some oldsters but, don't take their

responsibilities resulting in tutorial underachievement of their youngsters. There was

a relationship between socio-economic status of the fogeys and pupils tutorial

Achievements. Youngsters are generally forced to be out of college in some African

countries like Ethiopia, Tanzania, and African country due to poverty. In Kenya,

some youngsters don't attend faculty often because of economic condition. In poor

families oldsters must popular educating boys to ladies. Some cultural practices

limited tutorial accomplishment in some communities. The observer of FGM hinders

girl-child education as most of them are married off presently once the ceremony.

Among the nomads, boys miss categories as they herd animals .Education is seen to

interrupt their lives. Miraa harvest home in Meru and fishing in Nyanza adversely

affects tutorial Achievements of pupils. Sand harvest home in Japanese province

forces boys to be out of school lowering their tutorial Achievements. Oldsters kind the

immediate environment of their youngsters. Wherever the atmosphere isn't

contributing, academic Achievements is adversely affected. Educated oldsters

principally offer higher learning environment to pupils than those that are illiterate.
 16

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter discuss the methods or design of research such as Research

Design, Population, Sample and Sampling Technique, Instrumentation, Validity and

Reliability of Instrument, Data Collection and Data Analysis.

3.1 Research Design

Research design selected for the study was descriptive survey. This design was

found best for my studies and also this research design have been best for describe the

opinion, interest and involvement of parents toward the children. The descriptive

survey helps the researcher for getting information by managing of questionnaire

(Orodho, 2009). The research design includes the parental role and parental type of

involvement on student’s academic achievements which would useful for teacher and

head of the institution.

3.2 Population

According to Orodho 2004, population expressed all the things or peoples that

are under discussion. In population of this research all the private primary school of

tehsil phalia that’s registers. The private primary schools of Tehsil Phalia are 299. In

these schools there are almost 917 teachers and 14652 students. The average of each

school is 3 teachers Pr School and 49 students Pr School. In these schools almost in

all schools mixed as male and female students. There are 87 male head teachers and

212 female head teachers. Both types of school heads were included in the study.
 17

3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique

3.3.1 Sample

The sample is the very small portion of the population that expressed the

whole population (brog, 1996). The sample of this research was consists 15 primary

school which was 5 % of the target population. Almost in all the schools of population

female teachers were teaching. So 3 teachers were selected from all school of sample

and 15 Students were selected from sample as 7 students are male and 8 students are

female. Head teacher of each school of sample also selected.

3.3.2 Sampling Technique

Since there was 87 schools were managed by male teachers and 212 schools

were managed by female teachers. Sample for this research consists there was 06

schools headed by male teacher and 09 schools headed by female teacher. And

average teacher Pr School, there were 2 or 3 female teachers and 1or 0 male teachers

selected from each school of sample. There were 49 students Pr School and 15

students of each school were selected as 7 were male and 8 were females. These

students were selected by random sampling after arranged them in alphabetic order.

Table 3.1 Population Table

Population
Total population primary Schools 299
Schools having Male head teachers 87
Schools having female head teachers 212
Total teachers of population 917
Total male teachers 229
Total female teachers 688
Total students 14652
Male students 6740
Female students 7912
 18

Table 3.2 Average Table

Average Population
Total Teacher Pr school 3
Male teachers pr school 1
Female teachers pr school 2
Total students per school 49
Male students pr school 22
Female students pr school 27

Table 3.3 Sample table

Sample
Selected schools as 5% 15
Male Head teachers 6
Female head teachers 9
Total teacher from each school of sample 3
Male teachers 1
Female teachers 2
Total students from each school of sample as 41% 15
Male students 7
Female students 8

3.4 Instrumentation

In this research questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The

questionnaire would be managed for the study. Both types of questionnaires as open

ended and close ended question were used. The questionnaire is very best technique

for this research to collect the information because it filed by teachers and head

teachers. Questionnaire was easy to use for large no of respondents and also easy to

process and analysis. The questions were standard and easy for understanding.

3.4.1 Head Teacher Questionnaire

The questionnaire consists of two sections, 1 st section about demographic

information’s and 2 nd section about parental factors which effect the student’s

academic achievements at primary level in tehsil phalia. The questionnaire consists on

open ended and close ended questions.

 19

3.4.2 Teacher Questionnaire

The questionnaire consists of two sections, 1 st section about demographic

information’s and 2 nd section about parental factors which effect the student’s

academic achievements at primary level in tehsil phalia. The questionnaire consists on

open ended and close ended questions.

3.4.3 Pupils Questionnaire

The questionnaire consists of two sections, 1 st section about demographic

information’s and 2 nd section about parental factors which effect the student’s

academic achievements at primary level in tehsil phalia. The questionnaire consists on

open ended and close ended questions.

3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instrument

3.5.1 Validity

Validity mean an instrument must measure the require things, its

measurements are accurate and fulfill required information’s. Validity is the meaning

full and use full that can measure from the scores on particular instruments (Creswell,

2009). Validity checks the measurements of the instrument with respect to our

expectations. The validity of the instrument was decided by supervisor. The

supervisor made assessments on the questionnaire. And give the feedback to be

included in final questionnaire for use in the research.

3.5.2 Reliability

Reliability of an instrument is the drawback of the instrument that could not

provide required information about research (Orodho, 2009). Reliability of instrument

was checked by repeating the test of same peoples and also checking of the instrument

reliability; check the instrument on a small portion of sample as well as piloting. The
 20

portion of the population that used in piloting was not used in actual sample.

Reliability was established when we get same result in testing and retesting. The same

was repeated after some time, if the instrument shows same result then the use of

instrument was reliable.

Supervisor was Check the Validity and Reliability of instrument.

3.6 Data Collection

The research permit is used for getting permission to visit school by head

teacher. Before filling the questionnaire it was introduce and motivate the teachers

head teacher and parents about the research topic and questionnaire understanding.

The questionnaire was filled from head teacher, teachers and students of given sample

of the population. By using questionnaire easily collect data from large size of

sample. The questionnaire administrated by researcher and head of teacher.

3.7 Data Analysis

Data analysis means sorting, editing, coding, cleaning, and processing of given

data (Nyakwara, 2009). Data analysis also involved quantitative method. The

quantitative data was collected by questionnaire. This collected data was processed or

analysis by the use of SPSS (Statistical package for social science) software. The

whole data was analysis through descriptive statistics. And data also represented by

graphically.
 21

CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

In this Chapter presents the collection of information’s who getting

from the study that was held according to the methodology that’s discussed

in chapter three. Our basic purpose of the Study was to determine the effect

of parental involvement on student’s academic Achievements in private

primary schools at tehsil level. All the head teachers and teachers are

involved in this study and also involve the students of the sample. For

Collection of data use the different questionnaire for head teachers,

Teachers, and Students. The results are discussed under the literature review about

Parental influence. All the results from collection of Information’s are represented in

tables. There are many table are used in the research study.

4.1 Questionnaires Reaction Rate

The reaction rate was 94 % positive from the sample of population of 285

respondents. There were given 15 questionnaires to head teachers and 45

questionnaires to teachers and 225 filed out according to students opinions. The detail

of questionnaires are given below in the table

Table Show on Next Page

 22

Table 4.1 Questionnaires Reaction Rate

Given Return Percentage (%)
Male Head Teachers 6 6 100
Female Head Teachers 9 9 100
Male Teachers 15 15 100
Female Teachers 30 29 96.7
Male Students 105 99 94.3
Female Students 120 110 91.6
Total 285 268 94

Table 4.1 showed the reaction from head teachers, teachers and Students was very

well and all parsons were encouraging. This show that all persons were given correct

information’s and most of the students were followed by their teachers

Female Students

Male Students

Female Teachers Return

Given
Male Teachers

Female Head Teachers

Male Head Teachers

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Figure 4.1 Questionnaires Reaction Rate

4.2 Demographic Information’s of Respondents

The personal information of the respondents was very necessary for researcher

to get accurate response of questions that ask in questionnaires for this first study the

basic background as age, Professional Qualifications and teaching experience and also

experience of head ship for head teachers

 23

4.2.1 Demographic Information’s of Head Teacher

There was a necessity to study the demographic information’s of head

teachers.

Table: 4.2 Ages of head Teachers (from Questionnaire)

Ages (Years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 30 0 0
31-35 3 20
36-40 5 33.3
41-45 6 40
Greater than 46 1 06.7
Total 15 100

Table 4.2 showed that the majority of head teachers in private primary schools are

young and in this age a person give more attention on their work and they know own

duties and they can work in efficient ways and do well and well. The entire head

teachers are experience if the parents supported them so they can do very efficient

work.

Ages of Head Teachers (Years)

Greater than 46

41-45

36-40
Sales

31-35

Less than 30

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Figure 4.2 Ages of head Teachers

 24

Table 4.3 Professional Qualifications of Head Teachers (from Questionnaire)

Qualifications f Percentage (%)
BA/ B.Sc 6 40
Diploma in Education 4 26.7
MA/M.Sc/BS 2 13.3
M.Ed 1 06.7
Any Other 2 13.3
Total 15 100

Table 4.3 show that the professional qualifications are different all of head teachers

maximum head teachers are BA/B.Sc this is not a good professional Education but

their working abilities are very trust able they can know that who to manage the

school and who to manage the academic activities and they are responsible and love

with their works and their wishes to perform well and well.

Any Other

M.Ed

MA/M.Sc/BS

Diploma in
Education

BA/ B.Sc

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Figure 4.3 Professional Qualifications of Head Teachers

Table 4.4 Teaching Experience of Head Teacher (from Questionnaire)

Experience (Years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 5 1 06.6
5-10 3 20
11-15 3 20
16-20 6 40
21-25 1 06.7
Greater than 26 1 06.7
Total 15 100
 25

Table 4.4 show the teaching Experience of the head teachers maximum head teachers

have a good Experience in teaching field this Experience Improve their Qualifications

and it show that all the head teachers are well known from their field and they can

easily manage all the activities if the parents are works with these head teachers so

they can get well known results and speedily improve the student’s academic

achievements in school and out of the school.

Teaching Experience (Years)

Greater than 26

21-25

16-20

Experience
15-Nov

10-May

Less than 5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Figure 4.4 Teaching Experience of Head Teacher

Table 4.5 Teaching Experience as a Head Teacher (from Questionnaire)

Experience (Years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 5 2 13.3
5-10 5 33.3
11-15 7 46.7
16-20 1 06.7
21-25 0 000
Greater than 26 0 000
Total 15 100

Table 4.5 show the experience of head teacher as head of Institutions, in table we

seem that the best experience of head teacher so all the head teacher are known about

leadership qualities and they are also are good manger so if the parents are fox own
 26

their children’s Education and give good feedback and will works together with

school so the child can get more encouragement so they work with happy heart.

Experience as a head Teacher (Years)

Greater than 26

21-25

16-20

Experience
15-Nov

10-May

Less than 5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Figure 4.5 Teaching Experience as a Head Teacher

4.2.2 Demographic Information’s of Teachers

There was also very necessity to study the demographic information’s about

teachers as teacher age teacher Professional Qualifications, Teacher length of stay in

the same school and also teaching experience

Table: 4.6 Ages of Teachers (from Questionnaire)

Ages (Years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 30 13 29.5
31-35 8 18.2
36-40 10 22.7
41-45 5 11.4
Greater than 46 8 18.2
Total 44 100

Table 4.6 show that the majority of teachers in private primary schools are young and

in this age a person give more attention on their work, he acts as a active person and

they know own duties and they can work in efficient ways and do well and well. The
 27

entire teachers are experience if the parents supported them so than can do very

efficient work.

Ages of Teachers (Years)

Greater than 46

41-45

36-40
Sales

31-35

Less than 30

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Figure 4.6 Ages of Teachers

Table 4.7 Professional Qualifications of Teachers (from Questionnaire)

Qualifications f Percentage (%)
BA/ B.Sc 19 43.2
Diploma in Education 3 06.8
MA/M.Sc/BS 11 25
M.Ed 2 04.5
Any Other 9 20.5
Total 44 100

Table 4.7 In table show that the professional qualifications are different of all head

teachers, maximum teachers are BA/B.Sc. This is not a good professional Education

but their working abilities are very trust able and they can know that who to manage

the school and who to manage the academic activities and they are responsible and

love with their works and their wishes to perform well and well. They are cooperative

with their head teacher.

 28

Qualifications of Teachers

Any Other

M.Ed

MA/M.Sc/BS

Diploma in Education

BA/ B.Sc

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Figure 4.7 Qualifications of Teachers

Table 4.8 Teaching Experience of Teacher (from Questionnaire)

Experience (Years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 5 16 36.4
5-10 7 16
11-15 8 18.1
16-20 4 09.1
21-25 6 13.6
Greater than 26 3 06.8
Total 44 100

Table 4.8 show the teaching Experience of the teachers, maximum teachers have a

less Experience in teaching field but these are fresh minded and they do more works

than the aged persons so these teacher are energetic. They can get well known results

and speedily improve the student’s academic Achievements s in school and out of the

school.
 29

Teaching Experience (Years)

Greater than 26

21-25

16-20

Sales
15-Nov

10-May

Less than 5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Figure 4.8 Teachers Teaching Experience

Table 4.9 Teacher length of stay in the same school (from Questionnaire)
Stay (Years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 5 17 38.6
5-10 15 34.1
11-16 7 15.9
Greater than 16 5 11.4
Total 44 100

Table 4.9 show the stay of teacher in same Institutions, we seem that in this table

maximum numbers of teachers are stay in same school for very less period this habit

of teacher are also effect the education of the students but seem that all of the teacher

are works in very good manners and they are perform all the tasks that’s are assign by

their head teachers and the can conduct Parents teachers meting and they can discuss

all the activities of children’s with their parents.

 30

Teacher Stay in same school (Years)

Greater than 16

16-Nov

10-May

Less than 5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Figure 4.9 Teachers Stay in Same School

4.2.3 Demographic Information’s of Students

There was also very necessity to study the demographic information’s of

Students as student age, length of stay in the same school.

Table: 4.10 Ages of Students (from Questionnaire)

Age ( years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 05 0 00
05-07 0 00
08-10 134 64.1
Greater than 10 75 35.9
Total 209 100

Table 4.10 show that the majority of the students aged from 8 to 10 year, this show

that these students join school in proper age. They can also work in good way and do

not waste your time and other students aged above the 15 year which shows that these

students waste your time. They join school not in proper age and they could not work

so they can also repeat their classes so they are over aged and this is also against the

govt policy that advised the school management about the class reputation of students

Table
 31

Ages of Students (Years)

Greater than 10

10-Aug

Sales
7-May

Less than 05

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Figure 4.10 Ages of Students

4.11 Students length of stay in the same school (from Questionnaire)

Stay (Years) f Percentage (%)
Less than 4 79 37.8
5-6 95 45.5
7 25 12
Greater than 8 10 04.7
Total 209 100

Table 4.11 shows the stay of students in same Institutions, we seem that in this table

maximum numbers of Students are stay in same school about 5 to 6 years this is best

for school and also for students. The period of the students also effect the student’s

academic Achievements. The school teacher and students parents are well known

about each other so they can easily work together for betterment of students

educational Achievements. 37 % students are stay for less than 4 year they can also

doo good works they can participate in all school activities the parents are also serious

about their children’s educations.

 32

Students length of stay (Years)

Greater than 8

6-May

Less than 4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Figure 4.11 Students length of stay

4.3 Effect of Parental Involvement on academic

Achievements in Private primary Schools
The Researcher felt that parental involvement can affect the student Education

in private primary school so this research study was conducted to check the affects of

parental involvements on Students Education and also verify these affects. For this

purpose three respondents are selected from school. Study the Head Teacher View

about the parental Involvement, study the view of teacher about the parental

Involvement and satisfaction of teachers about the parent’s interest about their

children’s Education and also study the views of Students of Class Five about their

parent’s involvements and interest. It was necessary to confirm parental involvement

about the studies of children’s from respondents before going to conclusions and

failure of the parents can affect the student’s education Achievements. All the given

Data represented in Table and then discussed.

 33

4.3.1 Response of Head Teacher on parental Involvement

First study the head teachers view about parental involvement on Students

academic Achievements in Private Primary school. The result of Questionnaire is

show in table

Table 4.12 Parental Influence on Academic Achievements (from Questionnaire)

Sr. Parental Influence on Academic Very well Well A little Rarely
No Achievements done
f % f % f % f %
1 Attendance of school meetings 2 13.3 8 53.3 4 26.7 1 06.7
2 Discipline of pupils 0 00.0 4 26.7 9 60.0 2 13.3
3 Pupils academic Achievements s 0 00.0 4 26.7 5 33.3 6 40.0
4 Discouraging absenteeism 0 00.0 5 33.3 4 26.7 6 40.0
5 Respect for teachers 0 00.0 0 00.0 7 46.7 8 53.3
6 Being role models 1 06.7 5 33.3 6 40.0 3 20.0
7 Willing to help the school 0 00.0 3 20.0 8 53.3 4 26.7
8 Avoiding child labor 7 46.7 5 33.3 2 13.3 1 06.7
9 Purchase of school uniform 4 26.7 6 40.0 4 26.7 1 06.7
10 Paying examination fees etc 4 26.7 3 20.0 5 33.3 3 20.0
11 Providing space/ lighting at home 8 53.3 5 33.3 1 06.7 1 06.7
12 Discouraging early marriage 5 33.3 7 46.7 1 06.7 2 13.3
13 Positive attitude towards elders 1 06.7 6 40.0 4 26.7 3 20.0
14 Supplementing reading materials 3 20.0 3 20.0 4 26.7 5 33.3
15 Avoidance of drug abuse 12 80.0 2 13.3 1 06.7 0 00.0
16 Promoting family unity 5 33.3 4 26.7 2 13.3 4 26.7
17 Motivating children to learn 6 40.0 4 26.7 3 20.0 2 13.3

Table 4.12 Show that the view of head teacher about Parental involvements of

Students. From table many head teachers as 53% show that the parents are attend the

meeting and also show 60 % head teachers show that parents play little role in

discipline of their child and the table show all the information that’s are collected

form head teachers and these information show the parental involvements about their

Children’s academics of private primary Schools of tehsil phalia.

The study according to Dennis (2011) who stated that the parents who does

not give attentions on their children in their early ages after this age they could not

take the parental attention fully In result such students do not do good at school are in
 34

their class. In this case the parent’s duty to take responsibility and promote the

children’s Academic Achievements

According to Mwoma (2010) who observed that the children’s of responsible

parents with average level of Education that’s promote their children academic

Achievements and they are very sensitive about their children’s educations they can

fully take interest in the school activates and their children’s are well prepared for

future. These parents are role model for their children’s and they encourage their

children’s about the teacher’s respects

Most of parents of private school Students take interest in their Children’s but

some of the parents having very poor Achievements; it’s due to low income and also

due to illiteracy. We observed that poor parents are unable to afford the cost of school

and they cannot provide all facilities due to this the children’s do not give total

attention on their studies. Some parents are interested in early age marriage of their

Childers due to this the children’s go away from educations.

4.3.2 Response of Teacher on parental Involvement

The study sought teacher’s response on their satisfaction with the affect of

parental involvement on academic Achievements in private primary schools.

Table 4.13 Satisfaction response table (from Questionnaire)

Response f Percentage (%)
Yes 5 11.4
No 39 88.6
Total 44 100

Table 4.13 showed that just 11.4 % of teachers were satisfied from parental

involvement and the other 88.6 % were not. We observe that parents do not fulfill
 35

their duties to increase the academic Achievements of the children’s. So the teachers

are not satisfied about the parents so this thing demoralized the teachers

Table 4.14 Teachers Response (from Questionnaire)

Sr. Rate the Achievements of most Very Much A Little Not at All
No: parents in the following roles f % f % f %
1 Discouraging early marriage 8 18.2 23 52.3 13 29.5
2 Motivating pupils to learn 6 13.6 18 41.0 20 45.4
3 Providing conducive home 5 11.4 19 43.2 20 45.4
environment to study
4 Respect for staff 2 04.5 15 34.1 27 61.4

Table 4.14 shows that all the information regarding parental involvement, the

motivation and the proper environment of study could not provided by parents and

these two things are affect the academic Achievements negatively.

And also only 4.5 % teacher felt that the parents asked the children to give

respect to their teachers. 34.5 % teacher felt a little that the parents ask the child to

give respects to teachers and other 61.4 % teachers felt that the parents could not give

importance to the teacher respect and children’s were always flower of their parents.

For school and also for academic Achievements teachers respect is very important. If

the Children do not give respect to teacher then teacher were unable to fulfill their

duties and works in good manners so academic Achievements could not seen in a

school.

Parents of some students are poor and also single to supports all the family so

the students do works with their parents. And they could not give more time to their

studies so these students were weak in their education.

 36

4.3.3 Response of Students on Parental Involvement

Third respondent of the research study was students, from students get

response on whether their parents pay attention on them and or not also check the

effect of parental involvement on their academic progress and also it was necessary to

check either their parents are role model are not.

Table 4.15 Students Response (from Questionnaire)

Sr Students Response about Parents Yes NO
No: f % f %
1 Role in your education 72 34.5 137 65.5
2 Parents / guardian are role models 91 43.5 118 56.5
3 Parents provide all basic needs to support 57 27.3 152 72.7
4 Parents provide other reading materials 24 11.5 185 88.5
5 Parents encourage you to learn 48 23.0 161 77.0

Table 4.15 show all the information about the parental involvement regarding the

Students academic Achievements these all information are show that the parents does

not pay attention on their duties and they do not give proper time to their children’s

education they could not help the children in their education some of the parents are

given proper attention to their children but these parents are very less in number. The

children’s of these parents who do not give attention on their studies are lazy and they

also not give attention on their studies. This table show that parents are fail to become

a role model of their children’s and their children’s are not satisfied from them.
 37

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENTIONS

This chapter represents the summary of all the result, conclusion and

recommendations obtain from the research study of the effects of Parental

Involvement on students academic Achievements at primary level in private sector of

tehsil phalia.

5.1 Summary

The data collected and processed and intercepted the result and the results are

discussed. The study show that parental involvement that affect students academic

Achievements in private primary schools of tehsil phalia. The view of most head

teachers was that many parents attend the teacher parents meting but they could play a

very little role in their children’s discipline. Some of the parents are play a very well

role in their children’s discipline. Many head teachers felt some of parents give a little

attention on the teachers respect and other parents do nothing for teacher respect.

Head teacher shows that only some parents were role model for their children’s. The

teachers were show that the parents of some students are give the importance to the

teachers most parents do not give any importance to the teachers and the students give

respect according to parents importance of teachers. Almost students do not show

their parents as a role model so the parents are not good role model for their students.

Some of the head teacher show that the parents give the children’s to extra

reading materials and other parents do not given any reading martial to the children’s.

Head teachers show that all the parents do not pay the fee and other related materials
 38

to the school. According to the students parents are fail to fulfill their basic needs

about the education.

There are many cultural things that are affecting the student’s academic

Achievements as the early age marriage. Some of the parents are interested in

education of the children’s they could not know the importance of the education so

they cannot force their children’s to get education they can prefer works on the

education. Due to the poverty parents do not supports the family by itself so the

children’s are works with their parents to fulfill the basics needs of life.

Most of head teachers and the teachers are felt that the parental academic

background can affect the children’s education the children’s of the educated parents

were give more attention to their studies and the children’s of the uneducated parents

do not give attention to their education they cannot work hard for best Achievements .

5.2 Findings

1. In this research study total sample consist of 285 persons. The response of the

person was 94%. (Table 4.1)

2. Majority of head teachers in private primary schools are young and in this age a

person give more attention on their work. (Table 4.2)

3. The professional qualifications are different of all head teachers maximum head

teachers are BA/B.Sc this is not a good professional Education but their working

abilities are very trust able.(Table 4.3)

4. Maximum head teachers have a good Experience in teaching field this Experience

Improve their Qualifications.(Table 4.4)

 39

5. The experience of head teacher as head of Institutions was best experience so all

the head teachers are well known about leadership qualities. (Table 4.5)

6. The majority of teachers in private primary schools are also young and fresh.

(Table 4.6)

7. The professional qualifications are different of all teachers maximum teachers are

BA/B.Sc. (Table 4.7)

8. Teaching Experience of maximum teachers was very less but these are fresh

minded and they do more works than the aged persons. (Table 4.8)

9. Maximum numbers of teachers was stay in same school for very less period this

habit of teacher are also effect the education of the students. (Table 4.9)

10. The majority of the students aged from 8 to 10 year this show that these students

join school in proper age. (Table 4.10)

11. Maximum numbers of Students was stay in same school about 5 to 6 years this is

best for their studies. (Table 4.11)

12. The view of head teacher about Parental involvements of Students. Many head

teachers as 53% show that the parents are attend the meeting and also show 60 %

head teachers that parents play a little role in discipline of their child. (Table 4.12)

13. Just 11.4 % of teachers were satisfied from parental involvement and the other

88.6 % were not. We observe that parents do not fulfill their duties to increase the

academic Achievements of the children’s. (Table 4.13)

14. Motivation and the proper environment of study could not provided by parents.

(Table 4.14)

15. Parents do not pay attention on their duties and they do not give proper time to

their children’s education and they could not help the children in their education.

(Table 4.14)
 40

16. Some of the parents are given proper attention to their children but these parents

are very less in number. (Table 4.14)

17. The children’s of these parents who do not give attention on their studies are lazy

and they also not give attention on their studies. (Table 4.14)

5.3 Conclusion

From the research study that there are some factors of parental involvement

that’s affect the academic Achievements of the students. The attendance of the parents

in school meetings, discouraging absents of children’s from school and also from

classes by parents and also discipline of the children’s mange by the parents. It is

necessary to parents that promote the teachers respect among the children’s. All the

head teachers are agree about the effect of parental involvement on academic

Achievements. Also all the teachers are also agree with this thing that parental

involvement affect the children’s academic Achievements. There are many other

parental factors that affect the parental involvement such as parental economic

factors, ability of parents to pay the fee and also fulfill the basics needs. Some cultural

tings also affect the parental involvements such as early age marriage and also child

labor.

According to head teachers the parents do not try to enforce the children’s to

get education and most of head teachers and also teachers felt that the parents cannot

motivate their children about the education. Only a little number of head teachers are

feel that the parents motivates their children’s to perform well in education. There are

many teachers felt that the parents could not provide a space to their children’s for

study and they do not provide such a environment in which child study easily. The

teachers are feel that the parents do not play excepted role about their children’s they
 41

could not works with us the doo not encourage the children’s and also teachers on

best work. The students are also not agree about their parents role they felt that their

parents do not encouraged him to learn more and more and in well manners. Some

children’s felt that their parents some time give the reading materials and others

students felt that their parents could not give the reading materials.

5.4 Recommendations

On the bases of Research study there are following Recommendations

1. Parent always discourage the absent of their children’s from class and school.

Parents and teachers works together to control any abnormal situation

2. Parents promote the teachers respect among the children’s for this parent also give

respect to the teachers. In front of teachers and also in other times

3. Parents should be motivated to make such a environment in the home in which

the children do their studies and parents provided all the basic mends about their

studies

4. Parents visit the school time to time and get the reports from teachers and also

from head teachers

5. Parents can see the home works and also see the school works of children’s and

also check all the test and note books of their children and also recheck all the

exams paper and discuss the mistakes of child with teacher and children’s

6. Parents can motivate their children’s and encourage the children’s and also the

teachers

7. Students do not be overworked at home and also in school in order to increase the

learning process of the students.

 42

5.5 Suggestions for furthers Studies

On the bases of Research study there are following Suggestions for furthers

Studies

1. Same research study can be conducted in the whole district and also in whole

country in order to get more effective information’s about the parental

Involvements

2. A research study on the factors that affect the parental involvements about the

student’s academic Achievements

3. Comparison of parental involvement between govt and private sectors of tehsil

phalia or at district level

4. A research study about the parents views about the govt and private sectors of

tehsil phalia.
 43

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 45

APPENDICES
HEADTEACHERS QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION (A)
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Indicate the correct option.
1. What is your sex? A. Male B. Female
2. What is your age?
A. Below 30 B. 31-35 C. 36- 40 D. 41-45 E. above 46
3. What is your professional qualification?
A. B.A/ B.Sc B. Diploma in education C.MA/M.Sc/B.S D. M.Ed E. any other
specify
4. What is your experience as a teacher in years?
A. Below 5 B. 5-10 C. 11-15 D. 16-20 E. 21-25 F. Above 26
5. Indicate your experiences as a head teacher in years?
A. Below 5 B. 5-10 C. 11-15 D. 16-20 E. 21-25 F. Above 26
SECTION (B)
PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

Rate the parent role Achievements using Very well a little rarely
the following aspects Tick( ) in the well done
appropriate 1 2 3 4
box
1 Attendance of school meetings
2 Discipline of pupils
3 Pupils academic Achievements s
4 Discouraging absenteeism
5 Respect for teachers
6 Being role models
7 Willing to help the school
8 Avoiding child labor
9 Purchase of school uniform
10 Paying examination fees etc
11 Providing space/ lighting at home
12 Discouraging early marriage
13 Positive attitude towards elders
14 Supplementing reading materials
15 Avoidance of drug abuse
16 Promoting family unity
17 Motivating children to learn
Q. Identify one cultural practice that influences academic Achievements in your
school?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 46

TEACHERS QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION (A)
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Indicate the correct option
1. What is your sex? A. Male B. Female
2. What is your age?
A. Below 30 B. 31-35 C. 36- 40 D. 41-45 E. above 46
3. What is your professional qualification?
A. B.A/ B.Sc B. Diploma in education C.MA/M.Sc/B.S D. M.Ed E. any other
specify
4. What is your experience as a teacher in years?
A. Below 5 B. 5-10 C. 11-15 D. 16-20 E. 21-25 F. Above 26
5. How long have you been in the school?
A. below 5 B. 5-10 C. 11-16 D. above 16 years
SECTION (B)
PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
1. Do you think parents give schools the required support to promote pupils
academic Achievements?
A. Yes B. No
2. Are you satisfied with the way most parents play their role in and outside the
school?
A. Yes B. No
3. Do some children show signs of child abuse from home in the school?
A. Yes B. No
Q1. Briefly explain how parents influence pupil’s discipline?
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Q2. Comment on how parents take the issue of cost sharing in education?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Sr. Rate the Achievements of most Very Much A Little Not at All
No: parents in the following roles 1 2 3
1 Discouraging early marriage
2 Motivating pupils to learn
3 Providing conducive home
environment to study
4 Respect for staff
 47

STUDENTS QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION (A)
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Indicate the correct option
1. What is your sex? A. Male B. Female
2. For how long have you been in this school?
A. Less than 4 years B. 5-6 years C. 7 years D. Above 8 year
3. How old are you?
A. Less than 5 years B. 5-7 years C. 8-10 years D. Above 10 year

SECTION (B)
PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
1. Are you satisfied with the way your parents / guardian plays his/her role in
your education?
A. Yes B. No
2. Do you think your parents / guardian are role models?
A. Yes B. No
3. Does your parents provide all basic needs to support your education e. g.
exams, uniforms etc.
A. Yes B. No
4. Do your parents provide other reading materials to read at home apart from
what you get from school?
A. Yes B. No C. Sometimes
5. Do your parents encourage you to learn?
A. Yes B. No
Q1.Explain briefly whether your home environment is conducive for learning?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Q2.Explain briefly how your parent/guardian responses to any invitation to

school by the teacher?
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
 48

APPROVAL FORM FOR RESEARCH PROJECT

(CC: 8613)

Note: Research proposal must be approved before the data collection. This form
must be submitted in original along with research project for evaluation.

Student Name: Subtain Anjum

Registration No: 17PMB01802
Roll No: BN658230
Programme: B.Ed (1.5 year)
Supervisor Name: Mr. Babar Shahzad
Date of Approval of Topic: 15 March, 2019.

Topic of Research Project:

Effect of Parental Involvement on Student’s Academic

Achievements at Primary level in Private Sector of Tehsil Phalia

Workshop Coordinator Signature: _____________________

(Mr. Azmat Farooq Ahmad Khurram)

Resource Person Signature: ___________________________

(Mr. Babar Shahzad)

Resource Person Signature: ___________________________

(Mr. Sami Ullah)

 49

PLAGIARISM REPORT
 50

EVALUATION PERFORMA FOR RESRACH PROJECT

S/No Component of Research Project Marks Comments

1 Formatting (margins of 1” on top, bottom and right
side of page while 1.5” margin on left side of page,
Page number on top right corner, double line spacing,
font size (chapter heading 16 bold, main headings 14
bold and text 12 size)
2 Preliminary section and references are given (tile page,
approval sheet, declaration, acknowledgement,
abstract, table of contents, list of figures, list of tables,
list of abbreviations, list of appendices, references)
3 Abstract (approx.150-250 words) contains information
about research objectives, research design, population,
sampling technique, sample, research instrument(s),
results and recommendations.
4 Introduction (2-3 pages) provides background
information about research problem, purpose of the
study and in-text citation of resources such as books,
research articles consulted. There is a logical
connection between paragraphs of introduction
section.
5 Statement of the problem, objectives of the study,
research question and/or hypotheses and significance
of the study are clearly described and aligned together.
Operational definitions of variable(s) and specific
terms are provided.
6 Research Methodology clearly describes research
design, population, sampling technique used, sample
size, research tool(s), validity and reliability of
research tool(s) and data analysis techniques. Research
methodology section is aligned with statement of the
problem and objectives of the research study.
7 Findings and discussion are written on the basis of
analysis of collected data. Discussion includes
properly cited and relevant scholarly work such as
books, research articles related to the research
problem. Findings and discussion are clearly written.
8 Conclusion and recommendations are written in
connection with research objectives of the study.
Conclusion and recommendations are clearly written.
9 References (APA referencing style is used for
referencing throughout the document.)
Total

General Remarks:
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________