Unit 5 Lifts

LIFTS & ESCALATORS
(Transportation system in buildings)

WHAT IS A LIFT ?
The lift is a vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people

or goods between floors of a building or any other structure which are
generally powered by electric motors that either drive cables, hoist, or
pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.
COMPONENTS:
Elevator car : That part of an elevator that includes the platform,
enclosure, car frame, and door.
Machine beam : A steel beam, positioned directly over the elevator in

the machine room and is used to support elevator equipment.
Machine room : This usually located at the top of the shaft and
accommodates the winding machine, etc.
Pit : That part of an elevator shaft that extends from the threshold level of
the lowest landing door down to the floor at the very bottom of the shaft.
Shaft : A hoistway through which one or more elevator cars may travel.
Counterweight or balance-weight. A unit, consisting of steel weights,

which counter balance the weight of the car and a portion of the load, and
to which the suspension ropes are attached.
• The first step of elevator
installation is fixing of
template.
• The elevator car

component carries load is
called Cabin sling.
• Door motor elevator part

wiring should run
separately.
• The purpose of Pit switch

is to Stop lift.
• The weight sensor

component is used to
warn the control system,
if the design of load is
exceeded.
• The minimum depth of an

elevator pit is 600mm.
• Call Button is *not* a

safety device on an
• Passenger Lift : •Passenger elevator is designed to move people between floors of a building.
Their capacity is related to available floor space. Upto 8-10 floors these operate at 1m/s and above 10
floors the speed starts at 2.5 m/s to 10 m/s.
• Goods Lift : A lift designed primarily for the transport of goods but which may carry a lift attendant or
other person necessary for the unloading and loading of goods.
• Service Lift (Dumb-Waiter) : A lift with a car which moves in guides in a vertical direction; has net
floor area of 1 m2, total inside height of 1.25 m; and capacity not exceeding 250 kg; and is exclusively
used for carrying materials and shall not carry any person.
• Hospital Lift : A lift normally installed in a hospital/dispensary/clinic and designed to accommodate

one number bed/stretcher along its depth, with sufficient space around to carry a minimum of three
attendants in addition to the lift operator.
❑ TYPES OF LIFTS
The safety component is used in electrical Hydraulic lift does not have safety device to
traction elevator is progressive gear. prevent from falling and accessible ground
system for visual safety and leakage.
For a 3-storey (Low –rise) building that is intended for a senior citizen with a limited budget and
space, the appropriate type of elevator is Hydraulic Lifts.
• In an electric
elevator, the
travelling cable
provides electrical
power to the car and
"travel" with hoist.
• The minimum door

opening for elevators
for a single door is
0.80m.
• Connections between
elevator cars and
openings is called
Hoist.
• In elevator default
system, the elevator
car always goes to
ground floor in case
of fire emergency or
power failure.
• The two types of
pulleys in a
hydraulic lift are
movable and fixed.
• Working period is
defined as the ratio
of the height of lift
to the velocity of
the lift.
• The another name

of Pneumatic
elevators is Vacuum
Elevators.
2. Traction Lifts (Machine lifts)
• Principle : see – saw the car is raised and lowered by traction steel ropes rather than pushed from
below.
• The ropes are attached to the elevator car, looped around a sheave &connected to an electric motor.
•when the motor turns one way, the sheave raises the elevator; when the motor turns the other way,
the sheave lowers the elevator.
• Typically, the sheave, the motor and the control system are all housed in a machine room above the
elevator shaft.
• The ropes that lift the car are also connected to a counterweight, which hangs on the other side of the
sheave.
• In gearless elevators, the motor rotates the sheaves directly.
In geared elevators, the motor turns a gear train that rotates the sheave.
• Nowadays, some traction elevators are using flat steel belts instead of conventional steel ropes. Flat
steel belts are extremely light due to its carbon fiber core and a high-friction coating, and does not
require any oil or lubricant.
• Gearless Traction elevators is used for

high rise building
• The function of Fire
Fighting Lift is For rapid
emergency access.
• The speed governor

mechanism that detects if
the elevator is going too
fast.
• The purpose of the

counterweight is to
balance the load of the car
across the sheave.
• Roped elevators work on

the principle of Traction.
• The sensor component is

the elevator input control
system.
• The elevator car cabin is

classified by the numbers
of entrances and Location.
The minimum size of an elevator car is
1.10 x 1.40m.
• In Collapsible gate, hoist way door is grilled with lattice bar.
WHAT IS ESCALATOR ?
• A moving staircase – a conveyor transport
device for carrying people between floors of
a building consists of a motor-driven chain
of individual, linked steps that move up or
down on tracks.
• It is used to move pedestrian traffic in places
where elevators would be impractical like
shopping malls, airports, convention centers.
• Speed of an escalator is usually is

40-50m/min.
• The power source is used on nearly all

modern escalators is alternating current
motors.
• Speed Governor device is used to prevent

reversal of direction of escalator.
• The steps clearance through step run in

guide of escalator is 1mm.
• If the prime consideration is cost, the best escalator layout is parallel escalator.
• The Slope of an escalator is 0.3.
• The most economical layout for escalator is straight escalators.

• Maximum and Minimum speed of an escalator is 90-120 fpm.
The maximum vertical height in floors for an escalator is 1 floor.
Escalator should not be use in case of fire.
WALKALATOR
Walkalator is a slow moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined
plane over a short to medium distance. Moving walkways can be used by standing or walking on them.
They are often installed in pairs, one for each direction.
TYPES OF MOVING WALKWAYS

According To Inclination Angle Horizontal and Inclined Walkways
a) Zero degrees inclination “Horizontal” Moving Walkways.
b) Up to 15 degrees inclination “Inclined” Moving Walkways.
Allow to transport
pedestrians or carts
in 12 degree angle
is called
Travelators.
The moving walkways are identical to escalators in the basic components of their
construction, but they differ in the following:
• Moving walkways may run horizontally or on an incline of up to 15 degrees.

• The flat moving surface of the moving walkways may consist of a continuous rubber belt or a series of
jointed treads.
• The maximum length of
a walkalator is 250
meters to allow users to
exit at the sides.

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LIFTS & ESCALATORS

(Transportation system in buildings)

The lift is a vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people

Machine beam : A steel beam, positioned directly over the elevator in

Counterweight or balance-weight. A unit, consisting of steel weights,

• The elevator car

• Door motor elevator part

• The purpose of Pit switch

• The weight sensor

• The minimum depth of an

• Call Button is *not* a

• Hospital Lift : A lift normally installed in a hospital/dispensary/clinic and designed to accommodate

• The minimum door

• The another name

• Gearless Traction elevators is used for

• The speed governor

• The purpose of the

• Roped elevators work on

• The sensor component is

• The elevator car cabin is

• Speed of an escalator is usually is

• The power source is used on nearly all

• Speed Governor device is used to prevent

• The steps clearance through step run in

• The most economical layout for escalator is straight escalators.

TYPES OF MOVING WALKWAYS

• Moving walkways may run horizontally or on an incline of up to 15 degrees.

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• Call Button is not a