Electricity Ijso
Electricity Ijso
4
· Potont1 11 1Diffo renco of a Col l · I' ,~ 1,,9 d Herr;'>C
tenll31 energ y 1s 11,e from of energy, therefore IJ of
I ctnc po Potor, 1I0I botwM n t-uo tnrrr,m~li o! tfle U! I ,~~
i:,rren
Ee . ea sured in Joule (J) 1
•
1! ,s (11 s drawn fr om ,t or lho ,;.ell 1~ 1ri ".Jo·~'. l Ll ' f,... •
Ex. 9 cells .
, each having the same emf and 3 0 hminler·i
R .
resistance, are .used to draw maximum current throi.,
an external resistance of 3 ohm · find the com b1na:r,._·
E mE ..
r = - - r - = _m_R_+_r of cells .
and
R+ - Sol. For the condition of maximum current number of ror.
m
There may by two cases :
n= fi
(i) If mR << r, then I= ~E = m x current due to one cell.
ele ctricity took a front seat ,n exploring the na 1ure of· ,s given , then use A, /' 2
rnatter I½= T;
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
; ; =(:'.)'
The property of a substance by virtue of which ,t
opposes the flow of electric current through ,t ,s If information of radius r 1 and r is given then use
2
terrned as electrical resistance . Electrical resistance
depends on the size , geometry, temperature and !.2_ =~
r1 A2
internal structure of the conductor
eE eVr.
w e known that , vd = -r = ml
m
eVi
. I = Anevct = Ane -
m-r
CONDUCTIVITY
V m(
= 2 1. Reciprocal of resistivity of a conductor is called its
I= I Ane r conductivity. It is generally represented by 0 .
ml 1
V mr 2. (j =-
R=- = - ⇒ R= 2 p
1 Ane
2
r Ane 1
1
RA 3. Unit : ohm- 1.metre -
~) /
.. R = ⇒
A
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY
m
p= The res istance of a conducto r depends upon the
ne 2r temp eratu re . As the temperature increases , the
random motion of free electrons also increases. If the
1' is called resist1v1ty (it 1s also called specific resistance).
number density of charge carrier electrons remains
ard ~' = -'22_
ne27r = -1 . er is called conduct1v1ty. Therefore
constant as in the case of a conductor, then the
• • CT increase of random motion increases the resistivity.
: ; ·ent in ::onductor s is proporti ona l to potential The variation of resistance with temperature is given
, f:"enl"'o .
v..., aopl!ed across its ends This is Ohm's Law. by the following relation
Un~
-~ 1 -. r-1rn -1 also called siemens m- 1
.
R1=Rol1 +at +Pt2)
Electricity