Group 1: first presentation

First voyage around the world

Antonio Pigafetta a.k.a Antonio Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta

-Studied astronomy, geography and cartography
-Joined the Magallanes-Elcano famous expedition to the Moluccas
-Had a hand-written account of the expedition entitled "The First Voyage Around the World"

March 31, 1521

- First Mass in the Philippines Sunday morning
- Held at Mazaua (Limasawa)

April 7, 1521
- Arrival at Cebu Arrived at the port of ZZubu (Cebu), the largest and the most trade island

April 14, 1521

- Image of Child Jesus
- Held mass with Raja Humabon and baptized 800 souls
- Child Jesus is known today as Santo Nino, which is celebrated every January in Cebu

April 27, 1521

-Battle of Mactan

April 28, 1521

- Death of Magellan

September 8, 1522
- Victoria, the only ship survived, finally arrived at Seville. Thus, ending the Magallanes-Elcano expedition
Group 2: First presentation
CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG
by: Juan de Plasencia

Juan de Plasencia a franciscan missionary (1578-1590)

- “the CUSTOMS of the tagalogs” mainly focused on the government, administration of
justice,slaves, inheritance, and dowries
- He wrote THE CUSTOMS of the Tagalogs that is established culture of the Tagalogs in Luzon.
- It is a document written as an answer to the request of the monarchy in spain to provided
pieces of information about the government, administration of justice, inheritance, slaves,
dowries, worship, burials, and superstition of the “Indians” in the colony, and also this
documents use to rectify previous reports about the people’s way of life in the region.

Datos

- the chief who governed the people and were captains in their wars whom they obey and reverence.

Barangay

- a family of parents and children, relations and slaves

Worship of the Tagalogs

- There are no temples consentrated to the performing of sacrifices, the adoration of their idols, or the
general practice of idolary.
- Simbahan - Temple or place of adoration.
- Pandot or a festival to celebrated.
- Sibi a temporary shed in each side of the house, with a roof, whose purpose is for sheltering the
assembled people.
- Sorihile a set of small lamps.
- Nagaanitos it is when the whole barangay or family will united and join in the worship.
Group 3: First presentation
WORKS OF JUAN LUNA AND FERNANDO AMORSOLO

Historical Painting
- Visual presentations of concrete happenings of a past event of specific people in a specific time or
period
. An instrumental that depicts the reality

Juan Luna(1857-1899)
Known for impressive rendition of classical subjects.

Painting of Juan luna

Spolarium 1884
The painting was submitted to the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid, where it garnered the
first gold medal. The picture recreates a despoiling scene in a Roman circus where dead gladiators are
stripped of weapons and garments.

The Parisian Life 1892

Made by a filipino painter, revolutionary activist Juan Luna. It portrayed a scene in Paris with a woman
identified as a courtesan or a prostitute representing "fallen womanhood“

Antipolo Fiesta
It depicts a rural scene where a group of people are shown celebrating a fiesta in Antipolo. Focuses on a
pair of dancers in the field surrounded by people.

Palay Maiden
It depicts a rural scene where a group of people are shown celebrating a fiesta in Antipolo. Focuses on a
pair of dancers in the field surrounded by people
Group 4: First Presentation
THE SPEECH OF MRS. CORAZON AQUINO

Corazon Aquino
- 11th President of the Philippines and the first female president
-She restored democracy after long dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
-Born on Jan. 25, 1933, Tarlac province
-Died on Aug. 1, 2009 (aged 79) Makati
Group 1: Second Presentation
SITE OF THE FIRST MASS

CONTROVERSIES BETWEEN LIMASAWA AND MASAO

The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521(Easter Sunday). It was said by
Father Pedro de Valderrama, along the shores of what was referred to in the journals of Antonio
Pigafetta as "Mazaua".

LIMASAWA

Jaime de Veyra stated that the first mass was celebrated in Limasawa not in Butuan.

Historian Pablo Pastells stating by the foot note to Francisco Colin’s Labor Evangelica that Magellan did
not go to Butuan but from Limasawa to Cebu.

James Robertson agreed with pastels in a footnote that “Mazua” was actuall Limasawa.

In the authentic account of Pigafetta, the port was not in Butuan but an island named Mazua (Masawa).

MASAU

1872: A monument to commemorate the site of the first mass on the Philippines was erected in Butuan.

1953: The people in Butuan asked the Philippine Historical Committee to rehabilitate the monument or
place a marker on the

1953: The people in Butuan asked the Philippine Historical Committee to rehabilitate the monument or
place a marker on the site.

On the basis of this objection the monument was re-erected but the marble slab stating it was the site
of the first mass was removed.

Zaide identified Masao in Butuan as the location of the first mass. The basis Zaide’s claim is the diary of
Antonio Pigafette, chronicle of Magellan’s voyage

CONCLUSION
The first Mass ever said in the Philippines took place at Limasawa on Easter Sunday in 1521. As
evidenced by the examples provided. However, based on the information provided, one has expressed
the facts clearly, the chronology of events is correct, and Limasawa is the subject. A error was found
while conducting study on the first mass in the Philippines. It's crucial to remember that the Butuan
tradition is based on rumors
Group 2: second Presentation
CAVITY MUTINY

• Many believed that one of the factors that ignited the Filipino sense of nationhood and
eventually led to the Philippine Revolution in 1896 was the Cavity mutiny.

• This event has been remarkable among Filipinos because it prompted to the martyrdom of
Gomburza (the acronym that represents the surnames of the priests Mariano Gomez, Jose
Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamura, who were executed on February 17, 1872).

• Uprising of military personnel of Fort San Felipe (the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippines) on
January 20, 1872.

• Around 200 soldiers and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a national
uprising. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers executed many of the
participants.

SPANIARDS’ VERSION OF THE CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872

Jose Montero y Vidal

- Jose Montero y vidal, a profie spanish historian documented the event and highlighted it is as
an attempt of the indios to over throw the Spanish government in the Philippines.

Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s official report magnified the event and made use of it to implicate the
native clergy, which was then active in the call for secularization.
Both Monteri and Izquierdo scored out that th abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers of cavity
arsenal such as non- payment of tributes and exemption from force labor were the main reasons of the
‘revolution’ as how they called it.
IZQUEIRDO reported to the king of spain that the “rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish
government to install a new “hari”in the likes of the Fathers Burgos and Zamora.

Accordingly, on 20th day of January 1872, the district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of
Lorito, unfortunately participants to the feast celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks displays,
Allegedly, those in cavite mistook the fireworks as the sign for the attack
On 17th day February 1872, the GOMBURZA were executed to install fear among the Filipinos so that
they may never commit such daring act again.

FILIPINOS VERSION OF THE CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872

Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera (1857-1925)

- A Filipino scientist, scholar and historical researcher.

- In his account, Cavite Mutiny was simply a mutiny by the Filipino soldiers and laborers of the
Cavite arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied with the eradication of their privileges.
 Mutiny by the Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite Arsenal.
Turned out to be dissatisfied with the eradication of their privileges.
Tavera blamed Izquierdo’s harsh policy.
The arrival of General Izquierdo (1871-1873) was the signal for a complete change in the aspect of
affairs.
He intended to govern the people “ with a crucifix in one and a sword in the other”.
All those who had offered their support to ex-Governor La Torre were classed as Persona sospechosas
(suspects) .
Peace was broken by a certain incident, one is the origin of the political agitation.

THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF GOVERNOR IZQUIERDO ON THE CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872

Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez (September 30, 1820 - november 1883)

Was a Spanish Military Officer.

Politician and statesman.
He served as Governor- General of the Philippines from 4 April 1871 to 8 January 1873.
He was the Governor-General during the 1872 Cavite mutiny which led to execution of 41 of the
mutineers, including the Gomburza martyrs.

- Gov. General Rafael Izquierdo made a report to the Spanish Ministry of War In his report, he blamed the
native clergy, scholars, and some residents of Manila and the neighboring provinces as the instigators of
Cavite Mutiny. Rebels in Cavite unted on the artillery detachment that occupied the fort and on the navy
helped by This person and his men. The commanders of regiment 7 took very timely precautions; they
knew how to ke gallantry, obliging the rebels to take refuge in the fort of San Felipe.

- He described Cavite mutiny as an “Insurrection”, “Uprising”, and “revolution”.

Group 3: second Presentation

CRY OF BALINTAWAK OR PUGAD LAWIN

THERE ARE DIFFERENT VERSIONS ON THE DATES FOR FIRST CRY OF THE REVOLUTION AS WELL AS ITS
VENUE.
-PIO VALENZUELA’S CONTROVERSIAL “CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN”
-SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’S “THE CRY OF BAHAY TORO”
-GREGORIA DE JESUS’ VERSION OF THE “FIRST CRY”
-GUILLERMO MASANGKAY’S “THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK

PIO VALENZUELA’S CONTROVERSIAL “CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN”

AUGUST 23, 1896
•IN HIS FIRST VERSION, HE TOLD THAT THE PRIME STAGING POINT OF THE CRY WAS IN BALINTAWAK
ON WEDNESDAY OF AUGUST 26, 1896. ON THE OTHER HAND, LATER IN HIS LIFE AND WITH A FADING
MEMORY, HE WROTE HIS MEMOIRS OF THE REVOLUTION WITHOUT CONSULTING THE WRITTEN
DOCUMENTS OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION AND CLAIMED THAT THE “CRY” TOOK PLACE AT PUGAD
LAWIN ON AUGUST 23, 1896

SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’S “THE CRY OF BAHAY TORO”

AUGUST 24, 1896
•SANTIAGO ALVAREZ IS A WELL KNOWN KATIPUNERO FROM CAVITE AND A SON OF MARIANO
ALVAREAZ. HE IS A RELATIVE OF GREGORIA DE JESUS, WHO HAPPENED TO BE THE WIFE OF ANDRES
BONIFACIO. IN HIS VERSION, SANTIAGO ALVAREZ IS NOT AN EYEWITNESS OF THIS EVENT.

GREGORIA DE JESUS’ VERSION OF THE “FIRST CRY”

AUGUST 25, 1896
•GREGORIA DE JESUS IS THE WIFE OF ANDRES BONIFACIO AND THE “LAKAMBINI OF THE KATIPUNAN”.
SHE HAS BEEN A PARTICIPANT OF THIS EVENT AND BECAME THE KEEPER OF THE SECRET DOCUMENTS
OF THE KATIPUNAN. AFTER THE REVOLUTION, SHE LIVED WITH HER PARENTS IN CALOOCAN THEN FLED
TO MANILA WHEN SHE WAS TOLD THAT SPANISH AUTHORITIES WANTED TO ARREST HER. IN HER
ACCOUNT, THE FIRST “CRY” HAPPENED NEAR CALOOCAN ON AUGUST 25, 1896.

GUILLERMO MASANGKAY’S “THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK”

AUGUST 26, 1896
•KATIPUNAN GENERAL GUILLERMO MASANGKAY IS AN EYEWITNESS OF THE HISTORIC EVENT AND A
CHILDHOOD FRIEND OF BONIFACIO. ACCORDING TO HIM, THE FIRST RALLY OF THE PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION HAPPENED ON AUGUST 26, 1896 AT BALINTAWAK.
Group 4: 2nd presentation
GOMBURZA, RETRACTION OF RIZAL, KKK

- The GOMBURZA is the collective name of the three martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora, who were tagged as the masterminds of the Cavite Mutiny.
- Cavity Mutiny is the uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal, which became
the excuse for Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine nationalist movement.
- They were prominent Filipino priests who were charged with treason and sedition. During their time, it
is believed that the Spanish clergy connected the priests to the mutiny as part of a conspiracy to stifle
the movement of secular priests who desired to have their own parishes instead of being merely
assistants to the regular friars.
- The GOMBURZA were executed by garrote in public, a scene purportedly witnessed by a young Jose
Rizal.
- Their martyrdom is widely accepted as the dawn of Philippine nationalism in the nineteenth century,
with Rizal dedicating his second novel, El Filibusterismo, to their memory:

THE RETRACTION OF JOSE RIZAL

- Jose Rizal is identified as a hero of the revolution for his writings that center on ending colonialism and
liberating Filipino minds to contribute to creating the Filipino nation.
- The great volume of Rizal's lifework was committed to this end, particularly the more influential ones,
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. His essays vilify not the Catholic religion, but the friars, the main
agents of injustice in the Philippine society.
- It is understandable, therefore, that any piece of writing from Rizal that recants everything he wrote
against the friars and the Catholic Church in the Philippines could deal heavy damage to his image as a
prominent Filipino revolutionary.

Primary Source: Rizal’s Retraction

The following text is the translated text from the document found by Fr. Manuel Garcia, member of
Congregation of the Mission, on 18th of May 1935

There are four iterations of the texts of this retraction: the first was published in La Voz Española and
Diario de Manila on the day of the execution, 30th of December 1896.

The second text appeared in Barcelona, Spain, in the magazine La Juventud, a few months after the
execution, 14th of February 1897, from an anonymous writer who was later on revealed to be Fr. Vicente
Balaguer. However, the "original" text was only found in the archdiocesan archives on 18th of May 1935,
after almost four decades of disappearance.
The Balaguer Testimony

Doubts on the retraction document abound, especially because only one eyewitness account of the
writing of the document exists-that of the Jesuit friar Fr. Vicente Balaguer. According to his testimony,
Rizal woke up several times, confessed four times, attended a Mass, received communion, and prayed
the rosary, all of which seemed out of character. But since it is the only testimony of allegedly a
"primary" account that Rizal ever wrote a retraction document, it has been used to argue the
authenticity of the document.

The Testimony of Cuerpo de Vigilancia

Another eyewitness account surfaced in 2016, through the research of Professor Rene R. Escalante. In
his research, documents of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia included a report on the last hours of Rizal, written
by Federico Moreno. The report details the statement of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia to Moreno.

Primary Source: Eyewitness Account of the Last Hours of Rio

Michael Charleston Chua made a report regarding this testimony entitled: "Retraction ni Jose Rizal: Mga
Bagong Dokumento at Pananaw." saGMA News Online in which it was published on the 29 th of
December 2016.

RIZAL'S CONNECTION TO THE KKK

Rizal's Connection to the Katipunan is undeniable in fact, the precursor of the Katipunan as an
organization is the La Liga Filipina, an organization Rizal founded, with Andres Bonifacio as one of its
members. Former members decided to band together to establish the Katipunan a few days after Rizal's
exile on 7 July 1892.

Rizal may not have been officially part of the Katipunan, but the Katipuneros showed great appreciation
of his work toward the same goals. Out of the 28 members of the leadership of the Katipunan (known as
the Kataas-taasangSanggunian ng Katipunan) from 1892 to 1896, 13 were former members of La Liga
Filipina. Katipuneros even used Rizal's name as a password

In 1896, the Katipuneros decided to inform Rizal of their plans to launch the revolution, and sent Pio
Valenzuela to visit Rizal in Dapitan. Valenzuela's accounts of his meeting with Rizal have been greatly
doubted by many scholars, but according to him, Rizal objected to the plans, saying that doing so would
be tantamount to suicide since it would be difficult to fight the Spaniards who had the advantage of
military resources.

He added that the leaders of the Katipunan must do everything they could to prevent the spilling of
Filipino blood. Valenzuela informed Rizal that the revolution could inevitably break out if the Katipunan
were to be discovered by the Spaniards. Rizal advised Valenzuela that the Katipunan should first secure
the support of wealthy Filipinos to strengthen their cause, and suggested that Antonio Luna be recruited
to direct the military movement of the revolution.