Sign Board Calcs

STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS
AND DESIGN
SIGN BOARD STEEL STRUCTURE AND RC FOOTINGS
29-Nov-22
REV-00
1. DESIGN CRITERIA
OVERVIEW
1.1. MATERIALS
Structural Steel
Grade A36 Fy = 248 MPa
Welding E70XX
Bolts Grade 8.8
Reinforced Concrete
Compressive Strength of Concrete
F'c = 30 MPa
Conc Density 24 kN/m3
1.2. LOADS
1.2.1. Dead Loads

Own weight of elements. Calculated by SAP2000 program
1.2.2. Wind Load
Wind Load Pressure
Wind Speed
V= 50 m/sec
p=qGC p − q i (GC pi )
G= 0.85 Section 26.11
Risk category I Table 1.5-1
Basic Wind Speed 50 m/s
Cp = 0.8 Fig. 27.3-1

Kd = 0.85 Table 26.6-1
K zt = 1 Section 26.8.1
Ke = 1 Section 26.9
Gcpi = 0.18 Table 26.13-1

-0.18
Kz = 0.95 Table 26.10-1
q h = 0.613K z K zt K d K e V 2
2
qh = 1237.49 N/m
2
p1 = 0.62 kN/m
2
p2 = 1.06 kN/m
The max. wind load that will be used in the calculations is

2
P= 1.06 kN/m
1.3. CODES
Structural steel design AISC 360

Concrete design ACI-318
Loads and combinations ASCE-07 & SBC
2. STABILITY CHECK ON SIGNBOARD
Wind = 1.06 kN/m2

H= 10 m
Width 4.2 m
Solid part 7.8 m
Conc Base Depth = 1m

Conc Base Width = 1.5 m
Conc Base Length = 3.5 m
Overturning Moment
M(wind) 106.34 kN.m
Stabilising Moment
Weight of steel structure is neglcted
Moment resulting from the weight of the conc foundation =
Mr = 220.50 kN.m
Safety Factor
SF 2.07 > 1.5 Safe
Sliding
F(wind) 17.43 kN
Stabilising Force
Weigh of concrete footing 63
Safety Factor
SF 3.61 >= 1.5 Safe
Reinforcement of RC Footing
The stresses below footings are minimal and the requried reinforcement is less than the min.
Therefore, we will use the minimum reinforcement:
As(min) = 1200.00 = 6T16 / m Bottom & Top
3. STEEL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Below show extract from the Etabs Model showing the sections are safe.
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date
Holding-down Bolt Design - SANS 10162 - 2005

Material Strength Properties
fcu : 25 MPa
fu Bolt : 800 MPa
Bolt Grade : 8.8
Bolt fy : 640 MPa
Bolt fu : 800 MPa
fy Baseplate : 200 MPa
fu Baseplate : 200 MPa
fy Column : 200 MPa
fu Column : 200 MPa
tu Weld : 500 MPa
Column Section
S1 75x75x3.0
BasPlate Design Data:

Plate Shape : Rectangular
Height : 200 mm
Breadth : 200 mm
Thickness : 12 mm
Weld Properties
Size :3 mm Fillet Weld
Bolt Properties
Diameter : 16 mm
Achor Length : 500 mm
Compression not allowed in bolts
Bolt End Plate Properties

End Type : Square Plate
Dimension : 32 x 32 mm
Thickness : 6 mm
Bolt Resistance Forces

Bolt Netto Cross Section 25.2.2.1
0.75 . p . d 2
An =
4
0.75 ×p ×16 2
=
4
= 150.796 mm2
Tension Resistance 25.2.2.1

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
0.67 . An . fu
Tr =
1000
0.67 ×150.8 ×800
=
1000
= 80.829 kN
Tension Resistance Concrete 25.2.2.1
0.28 . fcu . pi . d . lb + 0.6 . fcu . (AnchorArea - BoltArea )

Trc =
1000
0.28 × 25 ×3.1416 ×16 ×500 + 0.6 ×25 ×(1024 - 201.06 )
=
1000
= 47.530 kN
Shear Resistance 25.2.3.3
0.6 . 0.67 . 0.7 . An . fu

Vr =
1000
0.6 ×0.67 ×0.7 ×150.8 ×800
=
1000
= 33.948 kN
Compression Resistance 13.3.1
0.9 . An . fu
Cr =
1000
0.9 ×150.8 ×800
=
1000
= 108.576 kN
Find Effective Compression Area

Calculate Zpl
b . tp 2
Zpl =
4
1 ×12 2
=
4
= 36.000
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Moment of Resistance equation 13.5
Mr = 0.9 . Zpl . fy
= 0.9 ×36 ×200
= 6 480.000
Moment Ultimate equation

Mu = (c*b)*(c/2)*fcu
Through substitution cMax can be calculated
Effective Distance from Edge of Section
fy
Zpl . 2 . 0.9 .
1.15
cMax =
fcu
b.
1.5
200
36 ×2 ×0.9 ×
1.15
=
25
1×
1.5
= 26.003 mm
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Calculation Sheet for Load Case : 1

Factored loads
P: -80 kN
Vx : -20 kN
Find Equilibruim
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
The actual number of Grid Point used for calculation is 1076
Moment balancing
Sum Of Moments around X-axis = 0.0 kNm
Sum Of Moments around Y-axis = 0.0 kNm
Axial Force balancing

Sum Of Forces in Y-direction = 0.0 kN
The Shear Resistance in the Bolts Resists the Following Forces:

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Forces in X-direction
Moments around Y-axis
Forces in Z-direction
Calculating Factors of Safety in Critical Bolt

Tension in Bolts
Critical Bolt Tension
Tr
FOS =
Tension
80.425
=
19.998
= 4.022
Critical Bolt Pull-Out
Trc
FOS =
Tension
47.53
=
19.998
= 2.377
Shear in Bolts
Critical Bolt Shear
Vr
FOS =
Shear
33.778
=
5
= 6.756
Shear and Tension combined in Bolts

The factor should be less than 1.4 for bolts in shear and tension
The bolt number 1 has the critical shear and tension combination
The tension in the bolt is: 20.00 kN

The shear in the bolt is: 5.00 kN
Tension and Shear Resistance combination 13.11.4

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Shear Tension
combinedfactor = +
Vr Tr
5 19.998
= +
33.778 80.425
= 0.3967
0.397 <= 1.4

OK
Converted to Factor of Safety relevant to 1
1.4
FOS =
factor
1.4
=
.39667
= 3.529
Bolt BasePlate interaction

Resistance
FOS =
Force
30.827
=
19.998
= 1.542
Welds
Since unit values are used for the length and size of the weld, the capacity
of this layout is given in kN/mm
The capacity, Vr is the lesser of Vr1 and Vr2:

Resistance of weld material
Tu .
0.67 . 0.707 . Size
1.5
Vr1 =
1000
500
0.67 × ×0.707 ×3
1.5
=
1000
= 0.4737 kN/mm
Resistance of parent material

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
fy .
0.9 . 0.707 . Size
1.5
Vr2 =
1000
200
0.9 × ×0.707 ×3
1.5
=
1000
= 0.2545 kN/mm
Capacity of 3mm weld is 0.255kN/mm
Resistance
FOS =
Force
.25452
=
.06412
= 3.969
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Column Base Design :

C15
Input Data
Base length A (m) 3.5

Base width B (m) 1.5
Column(s) Col 1 Col 2
C (m) 0.1 0.1
D (m) 0.1 0.1
E (m) -0.75 0.75
F (m) 0 0
Stub column height X (m) 0.1
Base depth Y (m) 1
Soil cover Z (m) 0
Concrete density (kN/m3) 25
Soil density (kN/m3) 18
Soil friction angle (°) 30
Base friction constant 0.5
Rebar depth top X (mm) 50
Rebar depth top Y (mm) 60
Rebar depth bottom X (mm) 50
Rebar depth bottom Y (mm) 60
ULS ovt. LF: Self weight 1
ULS LF: Self weight 1.2
Max. SLS bearing pr. (kN/m²) 150
S.F. Overturning (ULS) 1
S.F. Slip (ULS) 1.5
fcu base (MPa) 19
fcu columns (MPa) 30
fy (MPa) 420
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Loading Data
Unfactored Loads
Load Col LF LF P Hx Hy Mx My
Case no. ULS ULS (kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
ovt
1 1 1.6 1.6 19
2 1.6 1.6 1
1 1 1.6 85
2 1 1.6 -79
2 1 1.6 1.6
2 1.6 1.6
1 1 1.6
2 1 1.6
Sketch of Base
ACI 318 - 2014 Y
E2
C1
X
D1 D2
B
C2
E1
A
Y
Mx Mx
P P
Hx
X
Z
Output for Load Case 1

Note: The calculated flexural reinforcement was used in the calculations.
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Output for Load Case 1

Soil pressure (ULS) (kN/m²) 195.65
Soil pressure (SLS) (kN/m²) 98.57
SF overturning (SLS) 1.80
SF overturning (ULS) 1.62
Safety Factor slip (ULS) 5.57
Safety Factor uplift (ULS) >100
Bottom
Design moment X (kNm/m) 42.13
Reinforcement X (mm²/m) 118
Design moment Y (kNm/m) 6.68
Reinforcement Y (mm²/m) 19
Top
Design moment X (kNm/m) -13.54
Reinforcement X (mm²/m) 38
Design moment Y (kNm/m) -3.03
Reinforcement Y (mm²/m) 9
Linear Shear X (MPa) 0.000
vc (MPa) 0.524
Linear Shear Y (MPa) 0.000
vc (MPa) 0.523
Linear Shear Other (MPa) 0.007
Punching Shear (MPa) 0.043
vc (MPa) 1.079
vcu (MPa) 2.88
v col face (MPa) 0.36
Cost 2122.47
Load Case:1 Legend

Max M (+)
ACI 318 - 2014 Y Y Max M (-)
Max Shear
0.75 0.75
0.10 X 0.10 X
1.50
1.50
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

0.10 0.10
-0.75 -0.75
3.50 3.50
Y Y
Mx Mx Mx Mx
P P P P
Hx Hx
0.00
0.00
0.10 0.10
1.00 1.00
98.57 kN/m² 195.65 kN/m²

Soil Pressures at SLS Soil Pressures at ULS
Reinforcement Calculation for X-direction:Positive Moments
Load Case 1
Design moment:42.13 kNm/m
Calculation of the maximum steel strain:

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
f st
est =
200×103
420
=
200×103
= 0.0021
Balanced neutral axis
d
xb =
est
1+
ec
950
=
.0021
1+
.003
= 558.824 mm
Maximum allowed neutral axis depth ratio for moment redistribution: (beam) 6.6.5
a . b . f c'. cstrain
cstrain + 0.0075
rmax =
fy
.85 ×.85 ×19 ×.003
.003 + 0.0075
=
420
= 0.0093
Depth of rectangular stress block
a = b. x
= .85 ×558.82
= 474.997 mm
Concrete moment capacity 21.2.2.2
a . . . . .
Mrc = a . d - b a f f c' 1×10-6
2
475
= 475 × 950 - ×1000 ×.85 ×.9 ×19 ×1×10-6
2
= 4 919.189 kNm
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Lever arm 21.2.2.2
M
f . b . d 2 . f c'
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2. a
4213×104
.9 ×1000 ×950 2 ×19
= 950 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.85
= 948.472 mm
Tension steel 21.2.2.2
M
Ast = . .
f f st z
4213×104
=
.9 ×420 ×948.47
= 117.510 mm²
Neutral axis depth 21.2.2.2
2 . (d - z )
Neutralaxis=
b
2 ×(950 - 948.47 )
=
.85
= 3.600 mm
Reinforcement Calculation for X-direction:Negative Moments
Load Case 1
Design moment:-13.54 kNm/m
f st
est =
200×103
420
=
200×103
= 0.0021

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
d
xb =
est
1+
ec
950
=
.0021
1+
.003
= 558.824 mm
cstrain + 0.0075
rmax =
fy
.85 ×.85 ×19 ×.003
.003 + 0.0075
=
420
= 0.0093
a = b. x
= .85 ×558.82
= 474.997 mm
a . . . . .
Mrc = a . d - b a f f c' 1×10-6
2
475
= 475 × 950 - ×1000 ×.85 ×.9 ×19 ×1×10-6
2
= 4 919.189 kNm
Lever arm 21.2.2.2

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
M
f . b . d 2 . f c'
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2. a
1354×104
.9 ×1000 ×950 2 ×19
= 950 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.85
= 949.509 mm
M
Ast = . .
f f st z
1354×104
=
.9 ×420 ×949.51
= 37.725 mm²
2 . (d - z )
Neutralaxis=
b
2 ×(950 - 949.51 )
=
.85
= 1.153 mm
Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction:Positive Moments
Load Case 1
Design moment:6.68 kNm/m
f st
est =
200×103
420
=
200×103
= 0.0021

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
d
xb =
est
1+
ec
940
=
.0021
1+
.003
= 552.941 mm
cstrain + 0.0075
rmax =
fy
.85 ×.85 ×19 ×.003
.003 + 0.0075
=
420
= 0.0093
a = b. x
= .85 ×552.94
= 469.999 mm
a . . . . .
Mrc = a . d - b a f f c' 1×10-6
2
470
= 470 × 940 - ×1000 ×.85 ×.9 ×19 ×1×10-6
2
= 4 816.172 kNm
Lever arm 21.2.2.2

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
M
f . b . d 2 . f c'
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2. a
6676×103
.9 ×1000 ×940 2 ×19
= 940 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.85
= 939.756 mm
M
Ast = . .
f f st z
6676×103
=
.9 ×420 ×939.76
= 18.793 mm²
2 . (d - z )
Neutralaxis=
b
2 ×(940 - 939.76 )
=
.85
= 0.5647 mm
Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction:Negative Moments
Load Case 1
Design moment:-3.03 kNm/m
f st
est =
200×103
420
=
200×103
= 0.0021

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
d
xb =
est
1+
ec
940
=
.0021
1+
.003
= 552.941 mm
cstrain + 0.0075
rmax =
fy
.85 ×.85 ×19 ×.003
.003 + 0.0075
=
420
= 0.0093
a = b. x
= .85 ×552.94
= 469.999 mm
a . . . . .
Mrc = a . d - b a f f c' 1×10-6
2
470
= 470 × 940 - ×1000 ×.85 ×.9 ×19 ×1×10-6
2
= 4 816.172 kNm
Lever arm 21.2.2.2

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
M
f . b . d 2 . f c'
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2. a
3032×103
.9 ×1000 ×940 2 ×19
= 940 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.85
= 939.889 mm
M
Ast = . .
f f st z
3032×103
=
.9 ×420 ×939.89
= 8.534 mm²
2 . (d - z )
Neutralaxis=
b
2 ×(940 - 939.89 )
=
.85
= 0.2588 mm
Punching Shear Stress/Reinforcement Calculation
Load Case 1
Column number:1
The shear force outside the critical perimeter amounts to:61.30 kN
Calculation of required punching shear reinforcement:
abs xb
ß=
yb
abs 3 022.5
=
1500
= 2.015
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Area used for shear
Ash = ucrit . d
= 1500 ×945
= 1.418×106 mm²
22.6.5
v 1 = f c' = 4.359 MPa
22.6.5
2
v t = 0.17 . 1 +
ß
2
= 0.17 × 1 +
2.015
= 0.3387 MPa
22.6.5 b)
40 . d
v t2 = 0.083 . +2
ucrit
40 ×945
= 0.083 × +2
1500
= 2.258 MPa
vt = min(vt2 , vt) = 0.339
vt = min(vt , 0.33) = 0.339
v c = v t . v 1. f
= .33 ×4.3589 ×.75
= 1.079 MPa
Actual shear stress

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Veff
vv =
Ash
61302
=
1418×103
= 0.0432 MPa
Shear capacity without reinforcement
v c. Ash
Vcap =
1000
1.0788 ×1418×103
=
1000
= 1 529.738 kN
The concrete shear capacity for this perimeter is sufficient: no shear reinforcement required
Column number:2
The shear force outside the critical perimeter amounts to:35.48 kN
Calculation of required punching shear reinforcement:
abs xb
ß=
yb
abs 1 522.5
=
1500
= 1.015
Area used for shear
Ash = ucrit . d
= 1500 ×945
= 1.418×106 mm²
22.6.5
v 1 = f c' = 4.359 MPa
22.6.5
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
2
v t = 0.17 . 1 +
ß
2
= 0.17 × 1 +
1.015
= 0.5050 MPa
22.6.5 b)
40 . d
v t2 = 0.083 . +2
ucrit
40 ×945
= 0.083 × +2
1500
= 2.258 MPa
vt = min(vt2 , vt) = 0.505
vt = min(vt , 0.33) = 0.505
v c = v t . v 1. f
= .33 ×4.3589 ×.75
= 1.079 MPa
Actual shear stress
Veff
vv =
Ash
35479
=
1418×103
= 0.0250 MPa
Shear capacity without reinforcement
v c. Ash
Vcap =
1000
1.0788 ×1418×103
=
1000
= 1 529.738 kN
The concrete shear capacity for this perimeter is sufficient: no shear reinforcement required
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Both Columns together
Shear Stress/Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction
Load Case 1
Design shear force:0.00 kN

Based on flexural reinforcement of: 9 mm²/m
Shear Calculations:
Area used for shear calculations:
Ash = bw. de - (bw - bf ). bf

= 1000 ×940 - (1000 - 0 )×0
= 940.0×103 mm²
Reinforcement ratio 22.5.5
Ast
F1 =
Ash
8.5353
=
940000
= 9.0801×10-6
v 1 = f c' = 4.359 MPa
v1 = min(8.3 , v1) = 4.359
F2 = 1
F2 = min(1 , F2) = 1.000
v c = 0.75 . (0.16 . v 1 + 17 . F1. F2)

= 0.75 ×(0.16 ×4.3589 + 17 ×.00001 ×1 )
= 0.5232 MPa
Shear force capacity 22.5.5
Vco = v c. bw. de. 1×10-3

= .52318 ×1000 ×940 ×1×10-3
= 491.789 kN
Maximum allowable shear stress

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
v cu = 0.66 . f c'
= 0.66 × 19
= 2.877 MPa
Actual Shear stress:
V . 1×103
v=
Ash
0 ×1×103
=
940000
= 0.0000×100 MPa
Shear reinforcement 22.6.8
V - v c. Ash
Asv/sv =
0.75 . d . f yv
0 - .52318 ×940000
=
0.75 ×940 ×420
= -1.6609
Minimum links 9.6.3.3
0.35 . b
Asv/svn =
f yv
0.35 ×1000
=
420
= 0.8333
v 1 = f c' = 4.359 MPa
0.062 . b . v 1
Asv/svn1 =
f yv
0.062 ×1000 ×4.3589
=
420
= 0.6435
Asvn1 = max(Asvn , Asvn) = 0.833 9.6.3.3

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What loads are considered in the design?

STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS

SIGN BOARD STEEL STRUCTURE AND RC FOOTINGS

1.2.1. Dead Loads

1.2.2. Wind Load

Wind Load Pressure

G= 0.85 Section 26.11

Risk category I Table 1.5-1

Basic Wind Speed 50 m/s

Cp = 0.8 Fig. 27.3-1

Gcpi = 0.18 Table 26.13-1

Kz = 0.95 Table 26.10-1

The max. wind load that will be used in the calculations is

Structural steel design AISC 360

2. STABILITY CHECK ON SIGNBOARD

Wind = 1.06 kN/m2

Conc Base Depth = 1m

Weigh of concrete footing 63

As(min) = 1200.00 = 6T16 / m Bottom & Top

3. STEEL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Holding-down Bolt Design - SANS 10162 - 2005

BasPlate Design Data:

Bolt End Plate Properties

Bolt Resistance Forces

Tension Resistance 25.2.2.1

Tension Resistance Concrete 25.2.2.1

0.28 . fcu . pi . d . lb + 0.6 . fcu . (AnchorArea - BoltArea )

Shear Resistance 25.2.3.3

0.6 . 0.67 . 0.7 . An . fu

Compression Resistance 13.3.1

Find Effective Compression Area

Moment of Resistance equation 13.5

Moment Ultimate equation

Through substitution cMax can be calculated

Effective Distance from Edge of Section

Calculation Sheet for Load Case : 1

The actual number of Grid Point used for calculation is 1076

Axial Force balancing

The Shear Resistance in the Bolts Resists the Following Forces:

Calculating Factors of Safety in Critical Bolt

Critical Bolt Pull-Out

Shear and Tension combined in Bolts

The tension in the bolt is: 20.00 kN

Tension and Shear Resistance combination 13.11.4

0.397 <= 1.4

Converted to Factor of Safety relevant to 1

Bolt BasePlate interaction

The capacity, Vr is the lesser of Vr1 and Vr2:

Resistance of parent material

Capacity of 3mm weld is 0.255kN/mm

Column Base Design :

Base length A (m) 3.5

Output for Load Case 1

Output for Load Case 1

Load Case:1 Legend

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10