Polynomials

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is a constant 12. If a + b + c = 13 and ab + bc + ca = 84, then
polynomial? find the value of a2 + b2 + c2.
1 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) x + − 3 (b) + 3
x x a b
13. If + = 1, then a3 + b3 equals
(c) x + 2 (d) – 4 b a
1 (a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 1/2 (d) 0
2. Degree of polynomial 2x 3 + 3x + x 5 − 7 is
3 14. The value of (9)3 + (– 3)3 is
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 5 (a) – 81 (b) 54
(c) 164 (d) 702
3. The coefficient of the highest power of x in
the polynomial 3x3 – 4x4 + 5x2 – 2x5 + 3 is a 2 b2 c2
15. If a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc, then + + =
(a) 2 (b) – 4 (c) 3 (d) –2 bc ca ab
4. Which of the following polynomials has – 5 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) 3
as its zero? 16. If p(x) = x + 3, then p(x) + p(– x) is equal to
(a) (x – 5) (b) x2 – 25 (a) 3 (b) 2x (c) 0 (d) 6
(c) x – 5x
2
(d) x2 + 5
5. If p(y) = y 2 – y + 1, then find the value of 17. One of the zeroes of the polynomial
p(0) – p(1). 2x2 + 7x – 4 is
1 1
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2 (a) 2 (b) (c) − (d) – 2
2 2
6. If p(x) = x2 + kx + 6, then for what value of k,
18. If a + b + c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 is equal
p(3) = 0 ?
to
(a) 2 (b) –5 (c) 3 (d) – 1
(a) 0 (b) abc (c) 3abc (d) 2abc
7. If p(x) = x160 + 2x141 + k and p(–1) = 0, then 19. 2 is a polynomial of degree
the value of k is
1
(a) 1 (b) – 3 (c) 2 (d) – 2 (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d)
2
8. Factors of polynomial 12x2 + 7x + 1 are 20. Number of terms in the polynomial
(a) (3x – 1)(4x + 1) (b) (3x – 1)(4x – 1) 4x3 + 3x2 – 6x + 7 is
(c) (4x – 1)(3x– 1) (d) (4x + 1)(3x + 1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
9. The factors of x3 + 9x2 + 23x + 15 are
2
(a) (x + 1), (x + 3), (x + 5) 21. If p( x ) = x − 2 2x + 1, then p(2 2 ) =
(b) (x + 1), (x + 3), (x – 5) (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 4 2 (d) –1
(c) (x + 1), (x – 3), (x – 5)
(d) (x – 1), (x – 3), (x – 5) 22. A cubic polynomial cannot have more than
______ zeroes.
10. The value of (369)2 –(368)2 is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 12 (b) 81 (c) 37 (d) 737
11. Using algebraic identity, find the value of 23. If p(x)= x51 + 51, then value of p(–1) is
209 × 191. (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 49 (d) 50
(a) 39851 (b) 39919 24. Degree of the polynomial p(x) = (x + 2)(x – 2) is
(c) 39961 (d) 38951 (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
25. Factorise: x2 + (a + b + c)x + ab + bc (a) 4 + x (b) 2 + x (c) 1 – x (d) x+1
(a) (x + a)(x + b + c) (b) (x + a)(x + a + c) 32. If p(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 – 2x + 4, then find the
(c) (x + b)(x + a + c) (d) (x + b)(x + b + c) value of [p(2) + p(–2) – p(0)].
26. Factors of (42 – x – x2) are (a) 28 (b) 14 (c) 12 (d) 16
(a) (x – 7), (x – 6) (b) (x + 7), (x – 6) 33. Which of the following is a cubic polynomial?
(c) (x + 7), (6 – x) (d) (x – 7), (x + 6)
(a) 2x + 3 + x 4 (b) – x – x2 – 7x3
27. The common quantity that must be added
(c) 9 (d) 2 – 3x2 – 9x
to each term of a2 : b2 to make it equal to a : b is
a 34. The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3,
(a) ab (b) a + b (c) a – b (d) when x = – 1 is
b
(a) – 6 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) – 2
28. Find the value of x + y + z, if x + y + z2 = 18
2 2
35. (x + y)3 – (x – y)3 – 6y(x2 – y2) =
and xy + yz + zx = 9.
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 8 (a) y3 (b) 2y3 (c) 4y3 (d) 8y3
29. If f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 4x + 50, then f(–3) = 36. If the volume of a cuboid is x3 + x2 – 9x – 9,
(a) –16 (b) –12 (c) –20 (d) –10 then its possible dimensions are
30. If x = –2 and x2 + y2 + 3xy = –5, then find y. (a) x + 1, x2, x + 3 (b) x + 1, x – 3, x + 3
(a) –2 (b) 3 (c) – 4 (d) 9 (c) 3, x2, 9x (d) 3, 3, 3
37. The degree of the polynomial (y3 – 3)(y2 + 8) is
x 3 − 4 − x + 4x 2
31. Simplify : (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 5
x 2 + 3x − 4

Case Based MCQs

Case I : Read the following passage and answer (a) Cubic (b) Quadratic
the questions from 38 to 42. (c) Linear (d) None of these
Ankur and Ranjan start a new business together. 42. Find the value of x, if the total amount
The amount invested by both partners together invested is equal to 0.
is given by the polynomial p(x) = 4x2 + 12x + 5, (a) –1/2 (b) –5/2
which is the product of their individual shares. (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
Case II : Read the following passage and answer
the questions from 43 to 47.
A class teacher decided to organise an educational
trip for his class. He asked the students for
their preferences, where they want to go.
1
th times the square of total number of students
12 7
want to go to old age home, th times the
12
38. Coefficient of x2 in the given polynomial is total number of students plan to visit historical
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 12 monuments, while 15 students decide to teach
39. Total amount invested by both, if x = 1000 is children of orphanage home.
(a) ` 301506 (b) ` 370561
(c) ` 4012005 (d) ` 490621
40. The shares of Ankur and Ranjan invested
individually are
(a) ` (2x + 1), ` (2x + 5) (b) ` (2x + 3), ` (x + 1)
(c) ` (x + 1), ` (x + 3) (d) None of these
41. Name the polynomial of amounts invested
by each partner.
43. Which of the following polynomial represents
the above situation, if x is the total number of
students?
7 2 1 1 7
(a) x + x + 15 (b) x 2 + x + 15
12 12 12 12
(c) 7x2 + 12x + 15 (d) None of these
2
44. The coefficient of x in the above polynomial is
7 1 7 1
(a) (b) − (c) − (d) 48. Which one of the following is not a polynomial?
12 12 12 12
3
45. Write the coefficient of x in the polynomial. (a) 4x2 + 2x – 1 (b) y + y
1 1 7 7
(a) − (b) (c) (d) −
(c) x3 – 1 (d) y2 + 5y + 1
12 12 12 12
46. Value of the polynomial at x = 1, is 49. The polynomial of the type ax2 + bx + c, a = 0
176 47 is called
(a) 172 (b) 150 (c) (d) (a) Linear polynomial
12 3
(b) Quadratic polynomial
47. Value of the polynomial at x = 2 is
(c) Cubic polynomial
170 182 33
(a) (b) (c) 190 (d) (d) Biquadratic polynomial
12 12 2
50. The value of k, if (x – 1) is a factor of
Case III : Read the following passage and answer
the questions from 48 to 52. 4x3 + 3x2 – 4x + k, is
On one day, principal of a particular school (a) 1 (b) –2 (c) –3 (d) 3
visited the classroom. Class teacher was teaching 51. If x + 2 is the factor of x3 – 2ax2 + 16, then
the concept of polynomial to students. He was value of a is
very much impressed by her way of teaching. To (a) –7 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 7
check, whether the students also understand the
concept taught by her or not, he asked various 52. The number of zeroes of the polynomial
questions to students. Some of them are given x2 + 4x + 2 is
below. Answer them. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Assertion & Reasoning Based MCQs

Directions (Q.53 to 60) : In these questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason is given. Choose
the correct answer out of the following choices :
(a) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Assertion and Reason both are correct statements but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but Reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but Reason is correct statement.

53. Assertion : The expression 3x4 – 4x3/2 + x2 = 2 Reason : Degree of a constant polynomial is zero.
is not a polynomial because the term – 4x 3/2 56. Assertion : The degree of the polynomial
contains a rational power of x. (x2 – 2)(x – 3)(x + 4) is 3.
Reason : The highest exponent in various terms Reason : A polynomial of degree 3 is called a
of an algebraic expression in one variable is cubic polynomial.
called its degree.
57. Assertion : If 2x2 – 32 is the volume of a
54. Assertion : 3x2 + x – 1 = (x + 1) (3x – 2) + 1. cuboid, then length of cuboid can be x – 8.
Reason : To factorise ax2 + bx + c, write b as sum Reason : Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h.
of two numbers whose product is ac.
58. Assertion : The value of 593 × 607 is 359951.
55. Assertion : –7 is a constant polynomial. Reason : (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2
59. Assertion : The value of (–27)3 + (–9)3 is 2x2 + kx – 12, then k = 5.
–20412. Reason : If x = a is zero of a polynomial f(x),
Reason : If a + b = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 = 0 then f(a) = 0.
3
60. Assertion : If x = is a zero of polynomial
2

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSA)
1. How many terms are there in the polynomial 5. Find the zero of the polynomial q(x) = 3x + 2.
5 – 3t + 2t6 ?
6. Is x + 2 a zero of p(x) = 2x3 – x2 + 3?
 1 7. Find the factors of x2 + 2x – 15.
2. If, p  − = 0, where p(x) = 8x3 – ax2 – x + 2,
 4 
8. Find the product of (lx +my) and (lx – my).
then find the value of a.
3. Factorise : 14a2b – 7ab2 9. Factorise : a3 – b3 + 3ba2 – 3ab2

4. Find the value of p(x) = 2x 2 + 2x + 6 at 10. Find the zeroes of the polynomial 3x + p.
x= 2.

Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

11. If f(x) = 7x2 – 3x + 7, find f(2) + f(–1) + f(0). that 4x2 + y2 = 40 and xy = 6, then find the value
of 2x + y.
 1 1 2 1  1 
12. Simplify :  y −   y +   y +   y4 +  17. If (2a + b) = 12 and ab = 15, then find the value
2
 y y y  y4 
of 8a3 + b3.
13. Write the coefficients of x and x3 in 18. For what integral values of ‘a’, p(a) = 0,
polynomial 2x4 + 3x2 – 7x + 5. where p(x) = xn – an ?
14. If p(t) = t3 – 3t2 + t – 4, then find p(1) and 19. Factorise the following polynomials by
p(–1). splitting the middle term:
1 1
15. Verify whether − and are the zeroes (i) 2x2 + 7x + 6 (ii) 6x2 + 7x – 10.
2 5
of the polynomial p(y) = 5y – 1. 36 4 y4
20. Factorise x − .
16. If x and y be two positive real numbers such 25 16

Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

21. If the perimeter of a rectangle is 24 units and 25. If (3x – 1)3 = 6a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0, then find
the length exceeds the breadth by 4 units, then find a3 + a2 + a1 + a0.
the area of the rectangle.
26. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of
22. Factorise : (x – y)2 – 9(x2 – y2) + 20(x + y)2
(x + 7)3.
23. Factorise the following using appropriate
identities: 27. Give one example of a
(i) 27y3 – 27y2 + 9y – 1 (i) monomial of degree 100
(ii) 40x3 – 135 (ii) binomial of degree 50
(iii) trinomial of degree 205
24. Factorise: (2y + x)2 (y – 2x) + (2x + y)2 (2x – y)
28. Identify whether the following are 29. Factorise: x3 – 12x2 + 47x – 60.
polynomials or not. Justify your answer. 30. Factorize x16 – y16.
x2 2 3 3
(i) − (ii)
2x − 1 31. Simplify :  x + y  −  x − y  .
2 x2
 3 5  3 5
2 3x 3 / 2 x −1
(iii) x + (iv)
x x +1

Long Answer Type Questions (LA)

32. If x = 2 and x = 0 are zeroes of the polynomial 34. Prove that : (a + b + c) 3 – a 3 – b 3 – c 3 =
2x 3 – 5x 2 + ax + b, then find the values of 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a).
a and b.
35. Verify that x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
1
33. If x + = 6 , find
x 1
2 1 1 = ( x + y + z) [( x − y)2 + ( y − z)2 + ( z − x)2 ]
(i) x + 2 (ii) x4 + 2
x x4

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 9. (a) : Let f(x) = x3 + 9x2 + 23x + 15

Here, constant term of f(x) is 15
1. (d) : Clearly, –4 is a constant polynomial as its
Factors of 15 are ±1, ±3, ±5 and ±15
degree is 0.
\ f(–1) = (–1)3 + 9(–1)2 + 23(–1) + 15 = 0
3 1 5
2. (d) : Degree of polynomial 2 x + 3x + x − 7 is 5. f(–3) = (–3)3 + 9(–3)2 + 23(–3) + 15 = 0
3
3. (d) : Term with highest power of x is –2x5. f(–5) = (–5)3 + 9(–5)2 + 23(–5) + 15 = 0
\ Coefficient of x5 = –2 \ (x + 1), (x + 3), (x + 5) are the factors of f(x).
4. (b) : Put x = – 5 in each of the given polynomials, 10. (d) : Since a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
we get \ (369)2 – (368)2 = (369 + 368) (369 – 368)
(a) –5 – 5 = –10 ≠ 0 = 737 × 1 = 737
(b) (–5)2 – 25 = 0 11. (b) : We have, 209 × 191 = (200 + 9) (200 – 9)
(c) (–5)2 – 5(–5) = 25 + 25 = 50 ≠ 0 = (200)2 – (9)2 [ (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2]
2
(d) (–5) + 5 = 25 + 5 = 30 ≠ 0 = 40000 – 81 = 39919
5. (c) : We have, p(y) = y 2 – y + 1 12. (a) : Given that, a + b + c = 13
Now, p(0) = (0)2 – (0) + 1 = 1 Squaring both sides, we get
Also, p(1) = (1)2 – (1) + 1 = 1
(a + b + c)2 = (13)2
\ p(0) – p(1) = 1 – 1 = 0
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 169
6. (b) : p(x) = x2 + kx + 6
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 169
Now, p(3) = 0 ⇒ 32 + k × 3 + 6 = 0
Putting ab + bc + ca = 84, we get
⇒ 3k = –15 ⇒ k = –5
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 × 84 = 169
7. (a) : We have, p(–1) = 0
\ a2 + b2 + c2 = 169 – 168 = 1
⇒ (–1)160 + 2(–1)141 + k = 0
a b
⇒ 1 – 2 + k = 0 ⇒ k – 1 = 0 13. (d) :   +   = 1
b a
\ k = 1
8. (d) : We have, 12x2 + 7x + 1 a2 + b 2 2 2
⇒ = 1 ⇒ a + b = ab
= 12x2 + 3x + 4x + 1 ab
= 3x(4x + 1) + 1(4x + 1) \ a2 + b2 – ab = 0 ...(i)
= (3x + 1) (4x + 1)
Now, a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 + b2 – ab) 26. (c) : 42 – x – x2 = 42 – 7x + 6x – x2
⇒ a3 + b3 = (a + b) × 0  [Using eq. (i)] = 7(6 – x) + x(6 – x) = (6 – x)(7 + x)
=0 27. (a) : Consider a2 : b2,
\ a3 + b3 = 0 Adding ab on both sides, we get
(a2 + ab) : (b2 + ab) = a(a + b) : b(a + b) = a : b.
14. (d) : \ (9)3 + (–3)3 = (9 + (–3)) (92 + (–3)2 – (9) (–3))

= 6 × (81 + 9 + 27) 28. (c) : (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx

= 6 × 117 = 702 = 18 + 2(9) = 36
⇒ x + y + z = 6
a2 b 2 c 2 a3 + b 3 + c 3 3abc
15. (d) : We have, + + = = =3 29. (a) : f(–3) = [(–3)3 – 3 × (–3)2 + 4 × (–3) + 50]
bc ca ab abc abc
= (–27 – 27 – 12 + 50) = – 16.
16. (d) : We have, p(x) = x + 3 ... (i) 30. (b) : We have, x2 + y2 + 3xy = – 5 and x = – 2
Substitute x = – x in (i), we get ⇒ (–2)2 + y2 – 6y = – 5
p(–x) = –x + 3 ... (ii) ⇒ y2 – 6y + 9 = 0 ⇒ (y – 3)2 = 0
Adding (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ y – 3 = 0 ⇒ y = 3
p(x) + p(–x) = x + 3 + (–x) + 3 = 6
x 3 − 4 − x + 4x 2
2 31. (d) :
17. (b) : Let p(x) = 2x + 7x – 4 x 2 + 3x − 4
2
= 2x + 8x – x – 4 = 2x(x + 4) – 1(x + 4) x 3 + 4x 2 − x − 4 x 2 ( x + 4 ) − 1( x + 4 )
= =
= (2x – 1)(x + 4) 2
x + 4x − x − 4 x( x + 4 ) − 1( x + 4 )
To find zeroes of the polynomial, put p(x) = 0 ( x 2 − 1)( x + 4 ) ( x + 1)( x − 1)( x + 4 )
= = = x + 1.
⇒ (2x – 1)(x + 4) = 0 ( x − 1)( x + 4 ) ( x − 1)( x + 4 )
⇒ 2x – 1 = 0 and x + 4 = 0 32. (a) : Here, p(x) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 4
1 Now, p(2) = 23 + 3(2)2 – 2(2) + 4 = 8 + 12 – 4 + 4 = 20
⇒ x = and x = – 4
2 p(–2) = (–2)3 + 3(–2)2 – 2(–2) + 4 = –8 + 12 + 4 + 4 = 12
18. (c) : We have, a + b + c = 0  ...(i) and p(0) = 0 + 0 – 0 + 4 = 4
⇒ a + b = –c \ p(2) + p(–2) – p(0) = 20 + 12 – 4 = 28.
Cubing both sides, we get 33. (b) : Clearly, – x – x2 – 7x3 is a polynomial of degree 3.
3 3
a + b + 3 a b + 3ab = –c 2 2 3 So, it is a cubic polynomial.

⇒ a3 + b3 + c3 = –3ab(a + b) 34. (a) : Let p(x) = 5x – 4x2 + 3

Now, value of p(x) at x = –1 is,
⇒ a3 + b3 + c3 = –3ab (–c)  [Using (i)]
p(– 1) = 5 (–1) – 4(–1)2 + 3 = – 5 – 4 + 3 = – 6
3 3 3
⇒ a + b + c = 3abc 35. (d) : We have, (x + y)3 – (x – y)3 – 6y(x2 – y2)
19. (b) : The given polynomial, 2 can be written = x3 + y3 + 3xy (x + y) – [x3 – y3 – 3xy (x – y)] – 6x2y + 6y3
0
as 2 x . Since exponent of x is 0, therefore, 2 is a = x3 + y3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 – x3 + y3 + 3x2y – 3xy2 – 6x2y + 6y3
polynomial of degree 0. = 8y3
20. (d) : There are four terms in the polynomial 36. (b) : We have, x3 + x2 – 9x – 9
4x3 + 3x2 – 6x + 7. = x2 (x + 1) – 9 (x + 1) = (x + 1)(x2 – 9)
= (x + 1)(x – 3)(x + 3)  [ a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)]
21. (b) : p( 2 2 ) = ( 2 2 )2 − ( 2 2 )( 2 2 ) + 1 = 1.
37. (d) : We have, (y3 – 3)(y2 + 8) = y5 + 8y3 – 3y2 – 24
22. (d) : A cubic polynomial cannot have more than
∴ Degree of given polynomial = 5
three zeroes.
38. (c)
23. (d) : Let p(x) = x51 + 51
39. (c) : We have, p(x) = 4x2 + 12x + 5
Now, p(–1) = (–1)51 + 51 = –1 + 51 = 50
At x = 1000,
24. (a) : p(x) = (x + 2)(x – 2) = x2 – 4 p(1000) = 4(1000)2 + 12(1000) + 5 = ` 4012005.
\ Degree of p(x) = 2. 40. (a) : We have, p(x) = 4x2 + 12x + 5
2
25. (c) : x + (a + b + c)x + ab + bc = 4x2 + 10x + 2x + 5 = 2x(2x + 5) + 1(2x + 5)
= x2 + (a + c)x + bx + b(a + c) = x2 + bx + (a + c)(x + b) = (2x + 1) (2x + 5)
= x(x + b) + (a + c)(x + b) = (x + b)(x + a + c) \ Their individual shares are ` (2x + 1) and ` (2x + 5).
41. (c) 55. (a)
42. (c) : We have, total amount invested = 0 56. (d) : Clearly Reason is correct.
⇒ 4x2 + 12x + 5 = 0 Let p(x) = (x2 – 2)(x – 3)(x + 4)
⇒ (2x + 1) (2x + 5) = 0 = (x2 – 2)[x2 + 4x – 3x – 12]
⇒ x = –1/2 or x = –5/2 = (x2 – 2)(x2 + x – 12)
43. (b) : Required polynomial, = x4 + x3 – 12x2 – 2x2 – 2x + 24
1 2 7 ⇒ p(x) = x4 + x3 – 14x2 – 2x + 24
p(x) = x + x + 15 So, degree of p(x) = 4.
12 12
1 \ Assertion is wrong.
44. (d) : Coefficient of x2 in p(x) = 57. (d) : Clearly, Reason is correct.
12
7 Now, let p(x) = 2x2 – 32 = 2(x2 – 16) = 2(x2 – 42)
45. (c) : Coefficient of x in p(x) = = 2(x + 4)(x – 4)
12
Hence, the possible length of cuboid can be any of 2,
1 2 7
46. (d) : We have, p(x) = x + x + 15 x + 4 and x – 4.
12 12
\ Assertion is wrong.
1 7
At x = 1, p(1) = (1)2 + (1) + 15 58. (a) : Clearly, Reason is correct.
12 12 Now, 593 × 607 = (600 – 7) × (600 + 7)
1 + 7 + 180 188 47 = (600)2 – (7)2[ (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2]
= = =
12 12 3 = 360000 – 49 = 359951
47. (d) : At x = 2, we have \ Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason
1 7 is the correct explanation of Assertion.
p(2) = ( 2 )2 + ( 2 ) + 15
12 12 59. (c) : Clearly, Reason is wrong.
4 + 14 + 180 198 33 Now, (–27)3 + (–9)3
= = =
12 12 2 = [–27 – 9] [(–27)2 + (–9)2 – (–27)(–9)]
48. (b) = – 36 × 567 = –20412
49. (a) : a = 0. So, the given polynomial becomes Assertion is correct.
bx + c, which is a linear polynomial.
60. (a) : Clearly, Reason is correct.
50. (c) : Let p(x) = 4x3 + 3x2 – 4x + k. Let f(x) = 2x2 + kx – 12
If (x – 1) is a factor of p(x), then by factor theorem Since, x = 3/2 is a zero of f(x)
p(1) = 0. 2
\ 3 3 3
⇒ p(1) = 4(1)3 + 3(1)2 – 4(1) + k f   = 0   \ 2   + k   –12 = 0
2 2 2
⇒ 0 = 4 + 3 – 4 + k
⇒ k = –3 9 3k 3 9 15 15 2
⇒ + = 12 ⇒ k = 12 − = ⇒ k= × =5
2 2 2 2 2 2 3
51. (b) : Let p(x) = x3 – 2ax2 + 16
If x + 2 is a factor of p(x), then by factor theorem \ Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
p(–2) = 0. the correct explanation of Assertion.
3 2
⇒ p(–2) = (–2) – 2a(–2) + 16 = 0 SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
⇒ – 8 – 8a + 16 = 0
1. Number of terms = 3
⇒ 8a = 8 ⇒ a = 1
 −1 
52. (b) ∵ p  = 0
2. 
 4 
53. (b) : Both Assertion and Reason are correct but 3 2
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.  −1   1  1
⇒ 8  − a −  − −  + 2 = 0
 4   4  4
54. (a) : We have, 3x2 + x – 1
= 3x2 + x – 2 + 1 −8 a 1
⇒ − + +2=0
2 64 16 4
= (3x + 3x – 2x – 2) + 1
−1 1 a −1 + 2 + 16 a
= 3x(x + 1) – 2(x + 1) + 1 ⇒ + +2= ⇒ =
8 4 16 8 16
= (3x – 2) (x + 1) + 1
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the ⇒ a = 17 × 2
correct explanation of Assertion. \ a = 34
 We have, 14a2b – 7ab2 = 7ab(2a – b)
3.  1 1
2 p  = 5  − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
p( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) + 2
4.  ( 2 )+ 6 5 5
1
=2 2 + 2 + 6 \ is a zero of p(y) = 5y – 1
5
16. We have, 4x2 + y2 = 40 and xy = 6
=2 2 + 8
Now, consider (2x + y)2 = (2x)2 + 2(2x)(y) + (y)2
5. We have, q(x) = 3x + 2 = 4x2 + 4xy + y2 = (4x2 + y2) + 4xy
−2
Put q(x) = 0 ⇒ 3x + 2 = 0 ⇒ x = . = (40) + 4(6) = 40 + 24 = 64 = (8)2
3
−2 Therefore, 2x + y = 8.
\ is the zero of the polynomial q(x) = 3x + 2.
3 17. We have, (2a + b) = 12 ... (i)
6. (x + 2) will be a zero of p(x), if p (–2) = 0 Cubing both sides of (i), we get
∴ p(–2) = 2(–2)3 – (–2)2 + 3 = –16 – 4 + 3 = –17 ≠ 0 (2a + b)3 = (12)3
\ x + 2 is not a zero of p(x).
⇒ (2a)3 + b3 + 3 × 2a × b(2a + b) = 1728
7. We have, x2 + 2x – 15 = x2 + 5x – 3x – 15
⇒ 8a3 + b3 + 3 × 2 × 15(12) = 1728
= x(x + 5) – 3(x + 5) = (x + 5) (x – 3)
[Substituting ab = 15 and (2a + b) = 12]
\ Factors of x2 + 2x – 15 are (x + 5) and (x – 3).
⇒ 8a3 + b3 + 1080 = 1728
8. Product of (lx + my) and (lx – my) = (lx + my) (lx – my)
⇒ 8a3 + b3 = 1728 – 1080 = 648.
= (lx)2 – (my)2 = l2x2 – m2y2
⇒ 8a3 + b3 = 648.
We have, a3 – b3 + 3a2b – 3ab2
9. 
18. We have, p(x) = xn – an
= (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab) + 3ab (a – b)
P(a) = an – an = 0, for any value of a.
= (a – b) [a2 + b2 + 4ab]
π \ p (a) = 0, for any value of a.
10. 3x + p = 0 ⇒ 3x = –p ⇒ x = − . 19. (i) Let p(x) = 2x2 + 7x + 6
3
\ x = − π is the zero of the polynomial 3x + p. By splitting the middle term, we get
3 p(x) = 2x2 + 3x + 4x + 6
11. f(x) = 7x2 – 3x + 7 = x (2x + 3) + 2 (2x + 3) = (x + 2) (2x + 3)
Now, f(2) = 7(2)2 – 3(2) + 7 = 28 – 6 + 7 = 29 (ii) Let p(x) = 6x2 + 7x – 10
Also, f(–1) = 7(–1)2 – 3(–1) + 7 = 7 + 3 + 7 = 17 By splitting the middle term, we get
Also, f(0) = 7 p(x) = 6x2 + 12x – 5x – 10
\ f(2) + f(–1) + f(0) = 29 + 17 + 7 = 53 = 6x (x + 2) – 5(x + 2) = (6x – 5) (x + 2)
 1 1 1  1  36 4 y 4  6 2  2  y 2 
2
We have,  y −   y +   y 2 + 2   y 4 + 4 
12.  We have,
20.  x − = x −  
 y y y  y  25 16  5  4
 1  2 1  4 1  2 2 6 y2   6 y2 
=  y2 − y + 2   y + 4  [  (a + b) (a – b) = a – b ] =  x 2 +   x 2 − 
2  5 4 5 4
 y  y  y 
 1  4 1   1  6 y2   6  2  y  2 
=  y4 − y + 4  =  y8 − 8  =  x 2 +   x −   
4  5 4  5  2 
 y  y   y 
13. The given polynomial can be written as 6 y 2   6 y  6 y 
=  x 2 +   x +   x −  
2x4 + 0 ⋅ x3 + 3x2 – 7x + 5 5 4  5 2 5 2 
\ Coefficient of x = –7 (   x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x – y))
And coefficient of x3 = 0 6 y 2   30 y   30 y
3 2 =  x2 +   x+   x − 
14. We have, p(t) = t – 3t + t – 4 5 4 5 2 5 2
\ p(1) = 13 – 3(1)2 + 1 – 4 = 1 – 3 + 1 – 4 = –5 and
Let l units be the length and b units be the breadth of
21. 
p(–1) = (–1)3 – 3(–1)2 + (–1) – 4 = –1 – 3 – 1 – 4 = –9
a rectangle.
15. We have, p(y) = 5y – 1
Perimeter = 2(l + b) = 24
 −1   −1  −5 −7
p  = 5  − 1 = −1= ≠0 i.e., l + b = 12 ... (1)
 2   2  2 2
Also, we are given that l = b + 4
−1
\ is not a zero of p(y) = 5y – 1. i.e., l – b = 4 ... (2)
2
From (1) and (2), we get 28. (i) The given polynomial can be written as,
2 2
(l + b) – (l – b) = (12) – (4) 2 2 x2
− 2 x −2 .
⇒ {(l + b) + (l – b)}{(l + b) – (l – b)} = (12 + 4)(12 – 4) 2
It is not a polynomial, because one of the exponents of
[∵ x2 – y2 = (x + y)(x – y)] x is – 2, which is not a whole number.
⇒ (2l)(2b) = (16)(8) (ii) The given polynomial can be written as 2 x 1/2 − 1
⇒ 4(l × b) = 128 ⇒ lb = 32
1
Therefore, the area of the rectangle is 32 square units. It is not a polynomial, because exponent of x is ,
which is not a whole number. 2
We have, (x – y)2 – 9(x2 – y2) + 20(x + y)2
22. 
3 1
= (x – y)2 – 9(x + y) (x – y) + 20(x + y)2 −
(iii) The given polynomial can be written as x 2 + 3x 2 2
= (x – y)2 – 4(x + y) (x – y) – 5(x + y) (x – y) + 20(x + y)2
i.e., x2 + 3x
= (x – y) [x – y – 4x – 4y] – 5(x + y)[x – y – 4x – 4y] It is a polynomial, because each exponent of x is a whole
= (x – y) [–5y – 3x] – 5(x + y) [ – 5y – 3x] number.
= (–5y – 3x) [x – y – 5 (x + y)] = –(5y + 3x) (–4x – 6y) x−1
(iv) We have,
= (5y + 3x) (4x + 6y) = 2(2x + 3y) (5y + 3x) x+1
It is not a polynomial because it is not defined for x = –1.
23. (i) We have, 27y3 – 27y2 + 9y – 1
29. Let p(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 47x – 60
= (3y)3 – 3 ⋅ (3y)2 ⋅ 1 + 3 ⋅ 3y ⋅ 12 – 13 = (3y – 1)3 Factors of 60 are ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 5, ± 6, ± 10, ± 12,
= (3y – 1) (3y – 1) (3y – 1) ± 15, ± 20, ± 30, ± 60
(ii) 40x3 – 135 = 5(8x3 – 27) = 5[(2x)3 – 33] By trial method, we see that
= 5(2x – 3) [(2x)2 + 2x ⋅ 3 + 32] p(3) = (3)3 – 12(3)2 + 47(3) – 60 = 27– 108 + 141 – 60
= 168 – 168 = 0
= 5(2x – 3)(4x2 + 6x+ 9)
p(4) = 43 – 12(4)2 + 47(4) – 60 = 64 –192 + 188 – 60 = 0
24. We have, (2y + x)2 (y – 2x) + (2x + y)2 (2x – y) p(5) = 53 – 12(5)2 + 47(5) – 60 = 125 – 300 + 235 – 60 = 0
= (2y + x)2 (y – 2x) – (2x + y)2 (y – 2x) \ By factor theorem, (x – 3), (x – 4) and (x – 5) are the
= (y – 2x) [(2y + x)2 – (2x + y)2] factors of p(x).
Thus, x3 – 12x2 + 47x – 60 = (x – 3)(x – 4)(x – 5)
= (y – 2x) [(2y + x) + (2x + y)] [(2y + x) – (2x + y)]
= (y – 2x) (3x + 3y) (y – x) 30. We have, x16 – y16 = {(x8)2 – (y8)2}
= (x – y8) (x8 + y8) = {(x4)2 – (y4)2} (x8 + y8)
8
= (y – 2x) 3(x + y) (y – x) = 3(y – 2x) (y + x) (y – x)
= (x4 – y4)(x4 + y4) (x8 + y8) = {(x2)2 – (y2)2}(x4 + y4) (x8 + y8)
We have, (3x – 1)3 = 6a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0
25. 
= (x2 – y2)(x2 + y2)(x4 + y4) (x8 + y8)
⇒ (3x)3 – (1)3 – 3 × 3x × 1(3x – 1) = 6a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0 = (x – y)(x + y)(x2 + y2) (x4 + y4) (x8 + y8)
[\ (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)] 3 3
⇒ 27x3 – 1 – 9x(3x – 1) = 6a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0 We have,  x + y  −  x − y 
31. 
3 5 3 5
⇒ 27x3 – 27x2 + 9x – 1 = 6a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0 2 2
 x y x y   x y  x yx y x y 
3 2
Comparing the coefficient of x , x , x and x , we get0 =  + − +   +  +  +   −  +  −  
 3 5 3 5   3 5  3 53 5 3 5 
6a3 = 27 ⇒ a3 = 9/2, a2 = –27, a1 = 9 and a0 = –1 [   a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)]
9
Now, a3 + a2 + a1 + a0 = – 27 + 9 – 1 2 y  x 2 y 2 x y   x2 y 2 
2 =  + + 2 × ×  +  − +
5  9 25 3 5 9 25 
9 9 − 38 −29
− 19 =
= =
2 2 2 
 x2 y 2 x y 
 + − 2 × × 
We have, (x + 7)3 = x3 + (7)3 + 3(x)(7)(x + 7)
26.  9 25 3 5 
= x3 + 343 + 21x(x + 7) [Q (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)] 2 y  x 2 x 2 x 2 y 2 y 2 y 2 2 xy 2 xy 
=  + + + − + + − 
= x3 + 21x2 + 147x + 343 5 9 9 9 25 25 25 15 15 
\ Coefficient of x in the expansion of (x + 7)3 is 147 2 y  3x 2 y 2  2 y  x 2 y 2 
=  + =  + 
27. (i) –8y 100
5  9 25  5  3 25 

(ii) 3z50 + z2 32. Let p(x) = 2x3 – 5x2 + ax + b
x = 2 and x = 0 are zeroes of p(x).
(iii) 9x205 – 7x3 + 4
\ p(2) = 0 and p(0) = 0
p(2) = 0 ⇒ 2(2)3 – 5(2)2 + 2a + b = 0 34 L.H.S. = [(a + b + c)3 – a3] – (b3 + c3)
⇒ 16 – 20 + 2a + b = 0 ⇒ 2a + b = 4 ...(i) = (a + b + c – a)[(a + b + c)2 + a2 + (a + b + c) a]
p(0) = 0 ⇒ 2(0)3 – 5(0)2 + a ⋅ 0 + b = 0  – [(b + c) (b2 + c2 – bc)]
⇒ 0 – 0 + 0 + b = 0 ⇒ b = 0
∵ x 3 − y 3 = (x − y )(x 2 + y 2 + xy ) and 
Put b = 0 in (i)  
\ 2a + 0 = 4 ⇒ a = 2  x 3 + y 3 = (x + y )(x 2 + y 2 − xy ) 
\ a = 2 and b = 0. = (b + c)[a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca + a2 + a2 + ab + ac]
1
33. (i) We have, x + = 6  – (b + c)(b2 + c2 – bc)
x = (b + c)(3a + 3ab + 3ac + 3bc) = (b + c)[3(a2 + ab + ac + bc)]
2
2
 1 2 = 3(b + c)[a(a + b) + c(a + b)] = 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) = R.H.S.
⇒  x +  = 6  [On squaring both sides]
x
R.H.S.
35. 
2 1 1 1
⇒ x + 2 + 2 × x × = 36  = ( x + y + z)[( x − y )2 + ( y − z)2 + ( z − x)2 ]
x x 2
1 1 1
⇒ x 2 + 2 + 2 = 36 ⇒ x 2 + 2 = 36 − 2 = 34 = ( x + y + z)[( x 2 + y 2 − 2 xy ) + ( y 2 + z 2 − 2 yz)
x x 2
2 1  +( z 2 + x 2 − 2 zx)]
(ii) We have, x + 2 = 34
x 1
2 = ( x + y + z)( x 2 + y 2 + y 2 + z 2 + z2 + x2 – 2xy – 2yz – 2zx)
 2 1  2 2
⇒  x + 2  = ( 34 )  [On squaring both sides] 1
= ( x + y + z)[2( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − xy − yz − zx)]
x
2
2 1
1 1
⇒ ( x 2 )2 +   + 2 × x 2 × = 1156 = 2 × × ( x + y + z)( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − xy − yz − zx)
2
x  x2 2
= (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
1 1 = x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = L.H.S.
⇒ x4 + + 2 = 1156 ⇒ x 4 + = 1156 − 2 = 1154
x4 x4 Hence, verified.