Experiment No 07

Experiment No.
07
Objective:
To determine the critical pressure ratio (convergent-divergent pressure
ratio) and demonstration of chocking effect
Apparatus:
Nozzle performance apparatus
Figure:
Figure 1- Nozzle performance apparatus
Theory:
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially
to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.
A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or
modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow,
speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In
nozzle, velocity of fluid increases on the expense of its pressure energy.
Procedure:
1. Install nozzle E into the flexion pipe.

2. Fit the baffle plate on the cover and retract it with the knurled screw.
3. Connect the device with the power supply.
4. Connect the device with the supply of compressed air.
5. Turn on the electrical main switch (2).
6. Calibrate the dynamometer to zero by actuating the “RST” button.
7. Open the pneumatic valve on the connection.
8. Set the inlet pressure to 6.6 bar rel., for example.
9. Open the outlet-pressure valve fully.
10. Note down the following values: pin, Tin, Pout, Tout, Q, F
11. Using the needle valve, increase the outlet pressure Pout in steps of 0.5 bar, noting
down these values each time.
𝑃
12. Determine the pressure ratio 𝑜𝑢𝑡⁄𝑃
𝑖𝑛
13. The critical pressure ratio is the value above which the mass flow remains constant.
Observations and calculations:
Sr. No 𝑃𝑖𝑛 (bar) 𝑇𝑖𝑛 (Co) 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 (Co) 𝐹(N) 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 (bar) 𝑄( 𝑔 ) 𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑠
1
2
3
4
Table 1- Experimental data for Critical pressure ratio of nozzle
Specimen Calculations:
Comments:
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Quiz:
1. Why do we need the Nozzle
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2. Write down the Applications of Nozzle
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3. What is the critical Pressure Ratio
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4. Sketch the Nozzle

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Experiment No.

Figure 1- Nozzle performance apparatus

1. Install nozzle E into the flexion pipe.

Observations and calculations:

2. Write down the Applications of Nozzle

3. What is the critical Pressure Ratio

4. Sketch the Nozzle

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