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The Analysis of Factors Which Are Related To The Compliance of Welder Workers in Using Workplace Personal Protective Equipment in Pt. Pal Indonesia

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DOI Number: 10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00410.2

The Analysis of Factors which are Related to the


Compliance of Welder Workers in using Workplace
Personal Protective Equipment in Pt. Pal Indonesia

Baiq Fathin Ayu1, Abdul Rohim Tualeka2, Yustinus Denny Ardyanto Wahyudiono3

Departement of Occupational Health and Safety, Airlangga University, Surabaya Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The compliance of weld workers in the use of personal protective equipment is one of the major factors in
the workplace health and safety. It is because the welder workers have a very high risk of accidents and
disease. This research was aimed to find out the factors that related to the compliance of weld workers in
the use of the personal protective equipment based on the valid Standard Operating System in PT. PAL
Indonesia.
The research was a quantitative research with cross sectional approach. This research used observation method
by observing the use of personal protective equipment during the welding process. The variables used in this
research were the characteristics of the workers (age, working period, working status, education, and
knowledge), responsibility, legitimacy of authority figure, Status of authority figure, supervision, support of co-
workers, location status, facilities of personal protective equipment, and standard operating system. The
subjects of the research were 72 weld workers. Data were collected by observing directly using check list table
cased on the standard operating system that used in PT. PAL Indonesia.

The results showed that knowledge and supervision were the determining factors with p-value 0,003 and
0,014, it means that workers with little knowledge and without supervision tend to violate the rule to use
the personal protective equipment than the ones with knowledge and supervision.
Keywords: personal protective equipment, compliance, welder workers

INTRODUCTON to combine or connect metal. Welding is a work that uses


heat. Potential hazards at welding process are; 1). Physical
Ship manufacturing is one of industries which use
hazards: electric, radiation, heat, fire, wildfire, explosion,
advanced technology and have high potential of accident.
noise and magnetic field.; 2) Chemical: welding smoke,
The potential accidents that might happen at ship fuel gas, inert gas, gas mix and solvent.;
manufacturing are varied and can be classified as 3) General hazard: The hazard do not directly related
biological, physical, chemical, ergonomic, psychosocial,
with welding or metal cutting3.
mechanical, electrical, and B31 hazards. It is right to say
that the work of ship manufacturing has a very high risk of Trauma cases caused by works were 2175, male
accident. In the period of January 2000 – January 2011, workers were placed first with 2112 workers (97.1%),
117 workers died at shipyard in Turkey because of and therefore work with the most cases of accidents
accident at work1. The accident in Turkey is caused by was welding with 838 cases4. Occupational Safety and
five reasons, which are falling from high place, contact Health Administration (OSHA) has researched and
with electric or fire, downtrodden and wedged1. The result stated that there are 200 cases of death which are
analysis of the cause of accident in Shipyard in Turkey is related to welding process generally caused by
80% caused by unsafe action2. One of the works that have clumsiness, mistakes in the use of personal protective
high risk of accident and disease is welding process. equipment (PPE), the use of bad personal protective
Welding is an activity done by welder equipment (PPE) and other mistakes5.
48 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, May 2018, Vol. 9, No. 5

Protective equipment is a control which is obligatory Cont... Table 1. Internal Factor


for workers and provided by company. The obligation in
using the protective equipment is ruled in the constitution < 5 years 26 36.1
law No.1 year 1970 about work safety6. Even though
Working period 5-10 years 8 11.1
personal protective equipment is the most simple safety
kit, there are still many failure factors in the use of it. The > 10 years 38 52.8
use of protective equipment will be effective if it is used Organic 39 54.2
Employment
according to the Standard Operating System (SOP).
status PKWT 33 48.8
Therefore standard procedure of protective equipments for
welder at PT PAL are safety helmet, safety shoes, wear Middle School 3 4.2
pack, leather apron, stiwel, Welding Helmet, welding
Education High School 66 91.7
respirator, hand shields, long leather gloves7.
Undergraduate 3 4.2
The purpose of this research is to know the
compliance in using personal protective equipment Low 9 12.5
according to the Standard Operating System (SOP) Knowledge Enough 33 45.8
MATERIAL AND METHOD Good 30 41.7

The type of this research was observational with cross


Characteristic data collection was done by
sectional approach. The research location was in PT. PAL
questioner covered age, working period, employment
Indonesia in trade ship division. The early data was taken
status, education and knowledge.
in 30 November 2016 and research was done in March
2017. The population was 87 workers which are The result of external factors questioner which
permanent workers and contemporary workers in the trade covered responsibility, Legitimacy of authority figure,
ship division of PT. PAL Indonesia. The sample of the status of authority figure, co-workers support, location
research was 72 workers. The data was taken by giving status, supervision, facility of personal protective
questioner about internal factors (age, working period, equipment, standard operating system
employment status, education, knowledge and
Table 2: External Factors
responsibility) then organization factors (Legitimacy of
authority figure, status of authority figure, co-workers Percentage
support, location status, supervision, facility of personal Variable Category Amount
(%)
protective equipment and SOP) and observing the use of Enough 6 8.3
Responsibility
personal protective equipment based on the Standard Good 66 91.7
Operating System in PT. PAL Indonesia. The researcher Low 2 2.8
then analyzed the result of the questioner and observation Legitimacy of
authority figure
Enough 23 31.9
with ABC theory
Good 47 65.3
FINDING Low 0 0
Status of authority
Research internal factors in this research can be figure
Enough 34 47.2
described in the table 1 below: Good 38 52.8
Low 5 6.9
Table 1. Internal Factor
Co-workers support Enough 38 52.8
Good 29 40.3
Variable Category Amount (%)
Low 2 2.8
20-30years old 21 29.2 Location Status Enough 11 15.3
Age 31-40years old 17 23.6 Good 59 81.9
Low 12 16.7
> 40 years old 34 47.2
Supervision Enough 35 48.6
Good 25 34.7
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, May 2018, Vol. 9, No. 5 49

Cont... Table 2: External Factors Table 4 showed the significant correlation between
knowledge and supervision of the compliance in the
Facility of Low 3 4.2
using of personal protective equipment according to
protective Enough 19 26.4
equipment SOP.
Good 50 69.4
Low 3 4.2 Tabel 5: Results on regresi ordinal of
Standard Operating
Knowledge factor and Supervision to the
System Enough 10 13.9
compliance in the using of personal protective
Good 59 81.9
equipment according to the SOP.
Observation result on the compliance in using
protective equipment according to SOP Parameter Value
Variable P Value Exp (B)
(B)
Table 3: The compliance in using personal
Knowledge -2,105 0,003 0,12
protective equipment according to SOP
Supervision -1,600 0,014 0,2
Variable Category Amount Percentage
(%) Table 5 showed the influence correlation between
The compliance in Low 6 8.3 knowledge and supervision of the compliance in the
using protective using of personal protective equipment according to
equipment Enough 50 69.4
according to SOP
SOP.

Good 16 22.2 Age


Spearman Rank correlation test was used to find how
There was no correlation between age with
far the correlation of internal and external factor to the
compliance in using the personal protective equipment
compliance in the using of personal protective
according to SOP The result of the researcher showed that
equipment according to the SOP.
workers in the range of age 31-40 have good compliance
Table 4: Results on the correlation of internal and in the using of personal protective equipment according to
external factor to the compliance in the using of the SOP. This statement supported by the result of
personal protective equipment according to the SOP. research done by Diah (2014)8 which stated that there is
no significant correlation between age and compliance in
Variables p- value Result using the personal protective equipment.
Age 0,196 Insignificant Working Period
Working Period 0,496 Insignificant
There was no correlation Working Period with
Employment Status 0,324 Insignificant
compliance in using the personal protective equipment
Education 0,112 Insignificant according to SOP. This statement was supported by
Knowledge 0,022 Significant research by Yuliana (2016)9 in which nurses with
Responsibility 0,082 Insignificant working period more than 10 years are nurses who
Legitimacy of authority have enough compliance in using personal protective
0,296 Insignificant equipment. According to (Robbins, 2008) 10 working
figure
period that is too long without variation will decrease
Status of authority
0,361 Insignificant someone’s working spirit to be complied during work.
Figure
Employment Status
Co-workers support 0,256 Insignificant
Location Status 0,505 Insignificant There was no correlation Employment Status with
Supervision 0,039 Significant compliance in using the personal protective equipment
Facility of protective according to SOP. It is supported by a research by
0,538 Insignificant Nugroho (2004)11 which stated that there is no correlation
Equipment
between Civil Servants with contract employee in the
SOP 0,525 Insignificant
(α = 0,05)
50 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, May 2018, Vol. 9, No. 5

use of personal protective equipment. not influence significantly to the compliance in writing
prescription based on formularium.
Education
Co-Workers support
There was no correlation Education with
compliance in using the personal protective equipment From the result of the research it was found that
according to SOP. The results of this study is supported there is no correlation between co-workers with the
by Anjari (2014)12 which says there is no relationship compliance in using the protective equipment
between the level of education of workers with according to SOP. It was supported by the research by
compliance with the use of PPE Miftahul (2013)16 which stated that good co-workers
support has decreased compliance in nursery
Knowledge
documentation. Social validation by Tyler(2009) 17
The results of this research showed that there is stated that someone take action which recommended by
significant correlation between knowledge with other people or organization only if there is proof that
compliance in using the personal protective equipment other people have done it before.
according to SOP and it matched with the research that Location status
was done by Anjari (2014)12 that there are correlation
between knowledge with in using the personal protective It was found that there was no correlation between
equipment in construction workers. The other suitable location status with compliance in using the personal
theory is safety triad by Geller (2001)14 it is explained that protective equipment according to SOP. Meanwhile the
knowledge has significant correlation with compliance in result of this research is supported Madfudhoh (2015) 15
using the personal protective equipment. that there was no significant correlation between
location status with compliance in writing prescription
Responsibility
according to formulary.
From the correlation test, it was found that there was
Supervision
no significant correlation between responsibility with
compliance in using the personal personal protective In this research there was correlation between
equipment according to SOP. The result of this research is supervision with compliance in using the personal
supported by the result of another research conducted by protective equipment according to SOP. It is
Dewi (2016)14 which showed that there was no correlation compatible with the Milgram theory. One of the certain
between responsibility with compliance of nurse to wash factors in the research theory of Milgram (1974) 19 is
their hands with handrub. about compliance is supervision or direct presence. The
presence of leader can control and give direct guidance
Legitimacy of authority figure
about what should be done. The result of this research
There was no correlation between legitimacy of was also supported by the result of research by Chandra
authority figure with compliance in using the personal (2015)20 that there was correlation between supervision
protective equipment according to SOP. It is supported with compliance in using the personal protective
by the research that was done by (Mahfudhoh, 2015) 15 equipment for ear in PLTD Ampenan.
which stated that the authority level of the management Facility
of Jemursari Hospital in Surabaya which based on main
task and function, did not influence the compliance in The results found that there was no correlation
writing formularium prescription. between the facility of protective equipment with the
compliance in using the protective equipment
Status of authority figure
according to SOP. It was supported by the research by
There was no significant correlation between status Renganis (2012)21 that even a company has provided
of authority figure with the compliance in using the free protective equipment, it did not necessarily make
protective equipment according to SOP. It fit the result the workers realize the importance of personal
of a research by Madfudhoh (2015)15 which stated that protective equipment during work.
doctor’s perception to the status of authority figure did
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, May 2018, Vol. 9, No. 5 51

SOP And Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, p 341-250


The result showed that there was no correlation 4. Lombardi D, Pannala, R, Sorock, GS. (2005).
between SOP with the compliance in using the personal Welding Relate Occupational Injuries: A Narrative
protective equipment according the SOP. The result of Analysis, Occupational Environ Med, Vol. 11, p
this research was supported by the research by Anam 174-179.
(2016)22 which stated that there is no significant
5. Arikunto, (2005). Manajement of Research.
correlation between SOP with compliance to obey SOP.
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Regresi Ordinal
6. Indonesian law No.1 year 1970 work safety.
Based on ordinal regression test results obtained a
7. PT.PAL. (2017). Standart Operating of Personal
significant influence between supervision and
Protective Equipment , Surabaya : PT.PAL
knowledge in the use of personal protective equipment
Indonesia (Persero)
in accordance with SOP
8. Diah Kartika, (2014). The Analysis Of Factors
CONCLUSION
Which Related To The Compliance Of Using
The behavior of using protective equipment in Workplace Personal Protective Equipment, The
PT.PAL Indonesia has enough compliance, there are Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety, Health
still many workers did not use complete protective and Environment, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan-April 2014 :
equipment. 24-36
There is correlation and influence between 9. Yuliana Lina. (2016). The Analysis Of Factor
knowledge and supervision to the compliance in using Which Related To Compliance of Using
protective equipment in PT.PAL Indonesia. Workplace Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Thesis. Faculty of Public Health University of
Conflict of Interest: None
Universitas Airlangga. Program Study
Source of Funding: Departement of Occupational Occupational Health and Safety.
Health and Safety, Airlangga University, Surabaya 10. Robbins, Stephen P, (2008) Organizational
Indonesia Behaviour. Jakarta : Salemba Empat.
Ethical Clearance: The study was approved by the 11. Nugroho, M (2004) The Analysis Of Factors Which
institutional Ethical Board of the Public Health, Related To Nursing Work of the Regional Officers
Airlangga University. at Puskesmas Kabupaten Kudus. Thesis. Faculty of
All subjects were fully informed about the Public Health
procedures and objectives of this study and each subject 12. Anjari Ika. (2014). The Related Factors In
prior to the study signed an informed consent form. Compliance of Personal Protective Equipment
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