© IJEDR 2018 | Volume 6, Issue 2 | ISSN: 2321-9939

Effect Of Lime And Brick Dust On Compaction

And Swelling Property Of Black Cotton Soil
Nikhil Tiwari1, C.D.Prasad2
1
M.tech Scholar, UCE, Kota (Rajasthan)
2
Associate Professor, civil engineering department UCE, Kota (Rajasthan)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract - The black cotton soil also known as expansive soil due to its property of swelling and shrinking with change
in moisture content, this property makes the black cotton soil counterproductive for the construction of roads, designing
of flexible pavements and embankments. Many researchers found that change in properties is due to reaction with water
that leads to reduction in strength. To improve the behaviour and engineering properties of black cotton soil, it needs to
be stabilized using suitable stabilizers. So in this present investigation lime and brick dust are used at different
proportions to stabilize the black cotton soil. The proportion used in this experiment is 2% lime with 10, 20, 30, and 40%
brick dust in black cotton soil& another proportion used is 4% lime with 10, 20, 30 and 40% brick dust in black cotton
soil. The test conducted are, compaction test, Atterberg’s limit test and differential free swell index test. From the above
test result we observed exceptionally great decrement in swelling and increment in maximum dry density of the soil.

Keywords - Soil stabilization, black cotton soil, brick dust, lime, swelling property
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

II INTRODUCTION
The black cotton soil is found in greater amount all over the world and is unsuitable for construction purpose. It contain
montmorrilonite mineral which have tendency to expand and shrink due to this property they are named expansive soil. The
engineering properties of fine grained soils depends on water content present in them .Plasticity index is the main parameter of
classification of black cotton soil which depend on the liquid and plastic limit. Black cotton soils become very hard in their dry
state and contain high bearing capacity. The swelling property generally increases with increase in plasticity index. So this
parameter should be reduced to improve the black cotton soil’s property. They are clayey soils and undergo volumetric change
with effect of water content, this volumetric change lead to swelling and shrinking property in the soil, due to this, the structure
built over it go through many problems such as, undulation, uneven surfacing, cracks and settlement. They have less shearing
resistance and are not appropriate for the construction. So to enhance its engineering property many admixtures can be added to
it, in this present investigation lime and brick dust are used. Lime is already known for its binding property it is widely used as
a stabilizer we used brick dust with it to lessen the cost of maintenance and make it economical as brick dust is locally available
waste material, its disposal is a challenge to the environment so this investigation is done to find out its effect on the engineering
property of black cotton soil. Earlier many researchers have worked on it and found that it is suitable for the stabilization of the
black cotton soil.
III MATERIALS USED
1. Black cotton soil
It is also known as expansive soil due to its property of swelling it shows swelling and shrinking with change in water
content. The soil used for the present experimental investigation is bought from Kunhadi region of Kota city of
Rajasthan. The basic property of the soil are given in below table
Table 1 Properties of Black Cotton Soil
Property Value
Water Content 17.5%
Maximum Dry Density 1.59g/Cc
Liquid Limit 43.07%
Plastic Limit 17.89%
Plasticity Index 25.18%
UCS 2.07kg/Cm3
Soaked CBR 2.4

2. BRICK DUST
Brick dust is a waste material produced in tons of amount in brick kilns and tile processing plants. It is red in colour
and is fine in nature. It has great ability to reduce swelling potential of black cotton soil. Brick dust is mixed with lime
to study their combined effect on engineering properties of black cotton soil. The brick dust used in this investigation
is brought from brick kiln near Taleda region of Kota city.
Table 2 Engineering Properties of Brick Dust
Engineering Property Value
Grain Size Analysis
1.Gravel Size 0

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2.Sand Size 86
3. Fines 14
Plasticity Characteristics NP
IS Classification SM
MDD 1.36g/Cc
OMC 33%
Soaked CBR 21.17

3. QUICK LIME
It gives binding property to the soil and increases its bearing capacity as it reacts with clay and forms cementing agents such as
calcium silicate and alumina Quick lime is the common name of calcium oxide it is a chemical compound often used as a
stabilizing agent. It has many qualities such as bond strength, cohesion, adhesion, comprehensive strength etc so it is also used
as a building material. Using lime as a stabilizer it improves engineering properties of soil such as strength, resistance to
deformation, decrease in liquid and plastic limit hence plasticity index is also reduced, it increases maximum dry density and
reduces moisture content but after attaining its peak value it might led to decrease in MDD. The stabilization is a process to
increase and improve quality and strength of the weak soil such as black cotton soil for such stabilization stabilizer is needed
such as lime, the lime is obtained from local market for the intended purpose.

IV TESTS PERFORMED AND RESULTS

1. Sieve Analysis
The wet sieve analysis of soil particles is done by using 75 microns sieve.from the result obtained the soil can be
considered as fine grained soil as more than 50% of particles passed through sieve. Based on these results
classification is done as per IS 1498(1970). The following table shows the result of wet sieve analysis.

Table 3 Sieve Analysis of BCS

PARTICAL Wight %Wight Cumulative Cumulative

IS SIEVE
SIZE (mm) Retained Retained % Retained % finer

4.75 4.75 0 0 0 100

2 2 8.9 0.89 0.89 99.11
1 1 9.9 0.99 1.88 98.12
0.6 0.6 12.3 1.23 3.11 96.89
0.425 0.425 15.3 1.53 4.64 95.36
0.3 0.3 15.8 1.58 6.22 93.78
0.212 0.212 16.1 1.61 7.83 92.17
0.15 0.15 14.2 1.42 9.25 90.75
0.075 0.075 22.6 2.26 11.51 88.49
Pan 884.9 88.49 100.00 0.00
Total 1000 100

Partical Size Distribution

100
99
98
97
Percentage finer (%)

96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
0.01 0.1 1 10
Particles size (mm)

Figure 1 Particle Size Distribution Curve of BCS

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2. STANDARD PROCTOR TEST

In standard proctor test soil sample is taken in a mould having 1000ml capacity and having internal diameter of 10cm.
The soil is compacted in three layers with 25 blows per layer by a rammer of 2.6Kg falling from a height of 310mm.
This process is repeated for different water content and a graph is plotted between dry density and water content to
determine maximum dry density and optimum moisture content.
The results for 2% lime and brick dust is shown below
TABLE 4 STANDARD PROCTOR RESULT FOR BLACK COTTON SOIL WITH 2%LIME AND BRICK DUST
Percentages of lime and brick Maximum dry density Optimum moisture content
dust with black cotton soil. (g/cm3)
Black cotton soil 1.59 17.5
BCS+2%lime+10%BD 1.69 15.4
BCS+2%lime+20%BD 1.77 14.5
BCS+2%lime+30%BD 1.82 14.1
BCS+2%lime+40%BD 1.84 13.3

It can be seen that with increasing percentages of brick dust at 2% lime in black cotton soil the maximum dry density of the soil
increases and the optimum moisture content gets decreased. Due to presence of lime and brick dust the weight of the soil
specimen increases with increase in stabilization content. The maximum dry density increases up to 1.84 g/cc from 1.59 g/cc.
The MDD value for 2% lime with 10, 20, 30 and 40% is 1.69, 1.72, 1.82 and 1.84 g/cc respectively. Similarly there is decrease
in optimum moisture content with increasing percentage of brick dust the OMC of black cotton soil decreases to 13.3 from 17.5
the decrement in OMC for 2% lime with 10, 20, 30 and 40% brick dust is 15.4, 14.5, 14.1, and 13.3 respectively
The result for 4% lime with different percentages of brick dust in black cotton soil are as follows
TABLE 5 STANDARD PROCTOR RESULT FOR VIRGIN SOIL MIXED WITH 4% LIME AND BRICK DUST
Percentages Of Lime And Brick Dust With Black Cotton Maximum Dry Density Optimum Moisture Content
Soil. (g/cm3)
Black cotton soil 1.59 17.5
BCS+4%lime+10%BD 1.74 14.9
BCS+4%lime+20%BD 1.82 13.9
BCS+4%lime+30%BD 1.88 13.1
BCS+4%lime+40%BD 1.95 12.5

The above table shows the result of compaction test at 4% lime and different percentage of brick dust it can be conclude from
above table that with increase in brick dust the MDD increases and OMC decreases. The decrease in OMC is up to 12.5 from
17.5.The decrease in OMC at 4% lime and 10, 20, 30 and 40% BD is 14.9, 13.9, 13.1, and 12.5 respectively. The increase in
MDD value reaches up to 1.95 g/cc. The increase in MDD and decrease in OMC is due to change in size and behaviour of
particles as clay size particles changes to silt due to presence of lime. Brick dust being a granular material increases the weight
of the soil hence the MDD of specimen increases.

3 ATTERBERG’S LIMIT
The liquid limit and plastic limit test results are as follows
TABLE 4.4 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS FOR BCS MIXED WITH 2% LIME AND BRICK DUST
Percentages of lime and Liquid limit Plastic limit Plasticity index
brick dust with black
cotton soil.
Black cotton soil 43.072 17.894 25.178
BCS+2%lime+10%BD 39.214 16.250 22.964
BCS+2%lime+20%BD 34.622 15.436 19.18
BCS+2%lime+30%BD 31.567 13.382 18.18
BCS+2%lime+40%BD 28.857 12.5 16.357
From the above figure and table it can be concluded that with increase in percentage of brick dust in 2% lime mixed with black
cotton soil the liquid limit and plastic limit of the soil decreases and so does the plasticity index. This decrement in plasticity
index, changes soil from CI to CL.
The decrement in liquid limit is up to 28.85 from 43.07%, the decrement in plastic limit is up to 12.5 from 17.89% and change
in plasticity index with varying percentage of lime is 16.37 from 25.15. The values for liquid limit for 2% lime mixed with 10,
20 ,30 and 40% brick dust with black cotton soil is 39.214, 34.622,31.567and 28.857 respectively. The change in plastic limit
for 2% lime mixed with 10, 20, 30 and 40% brick dust with black cotton soil is 16.25, 15.436, 13.382 and 12.5 respectively.

Percentages Of Lime And Liquid Limit Plastic Limit Plasticity Index

Brick Dust With Black
Cotton Soil.
Black cotton soil 43.072 17.894 25.178
BCS+4%lime+10%BD 35.36 14.062 21.298

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BCS+4%lime+20%BD 32.116 12.328 19.878

BCS+4%lime+30%BD 28.361 10.309 18.052
BCS+4%lime+40%BD 24.55 9.090 15.46
TABLE 5 ATTERBERG LIMIT FOR BCS WITH 4% LIME AND BRICK DUST

The values for liquid limit for 4% lime mixed with 10, 20 ,30 and 40% brick dust with black cotton soil is 35.36, 32.116, 28.361
and 24.55 respectively. The change in plastic limit for 2% lime mixed with 10, 20, 30 and 40% brick dust with black cotton soil
is 14.062, 12.328, 10.309 and 9.09 respectively. The plasticity index reduced to 15.46 from 25.178. This decrement is due to the
presence of brick dust and lime as it led to decrease in the diffused double layer thickness of the clay particles.

4 DIFFERENTIAL FREE SWELL INDEX TEST

The test results are

TABLE 6 DFS TEST RESULT FOR BCS WITH 2% LIME AND BRICK DUST
Percentages Of Black Differential Degree % Decrease In
Cotton Soil With Lime Free Swell Index Of Expansiveness DFS
And Brick Dust
Black cotton soil 41.67 Very High -
BCS+2%lime +10%BD 20.58 Moderate 50.61
BCS+2%lime +20%BD 10 Low 76.00
BCS+2%lime +30%BD 7.69 Low 81.54
BCS+2%lime +40%BD 2.5 Low 94.00

From the above table it can be concluded that with increase in percentage of brick dust the free swell index of the black cotton
soil mixed with 2% lime is decreasing. The decrease in free swell index at 40% brick dust reaches to 94%. The value of free sell
index reaches to 2.5% from 41.67%. Free swell index for the black cotton soil mixed with 2% lime and 10, 20, 0 and 40% brick
dust is 20.58, 10, 7.69 and 2.5 respectively. This reduction in free swell index is due to replacement of clay particles with brick
dust as clay content decreases the free swell index decreases.

TABLE 7 TEST RESULT FOR BCS WITH 4% LIME AND BRICK DUST
Percentages Of Black Differential Degree % Decrease In
Cotton Soil With Lime Free Swell Index Of Expansiveness DFS
And Brick Dust
Black cotton soil 41.67 Very High -
BCS+4%lime +10%BD 13.88 Moderate 66.69
BCS+4%lime +20%BD 7.31 Low 82.45
BCS+4%lime +30%BD 5.0 Low 88.00
BCS+4%lime +40%BD 0 Low 100.00

The above table shows the result obtained in differential free swell index test the differential free swell index becomes zero at
addition of 40 %brick dust and 4% lime in black cotton soil. It can be concluded that with increasing percentage of brick dust
the free swell index decreases and ultimately becomes zero. The value of free swell index of black cotton soil mixed with 4%
lime and 10, 20, 30 and 40% brick dust is 13.88, 7.31, 5.0 and 0.00% respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
1. It can be concluded from the above results that with increase in percentages of brick dust at 2 and 4% of lime the MDD
of soil increases and OMC of Soil decreases. We get greater values of MDD and less value of OMC at 4% lime then
2% lime.
2. The liquid limit and plastic limit gets reduce with increase in percentages of brick dust at 2% and 4% lime. The plasticity
index also gets reduced with increment in percentage of brick dust.
3. The differential free swell index gets reduced by addition of lime and brick dust, it almost gets reduced to zero at 4%
lime and 40% brick dust.
4. From the above observation it can be concluded that brick dust and lime can be used to improve the engineering property
of black cotton soil.

V REFRENCES
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