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053 APPLYING SAUDI BUILDING CODE (SBC 304) IN TEACHING REINFORCED

CONCRETE COURSES IN JAZAN UNIVERSITY

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 International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEE), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 25-27 December 2011

053

APPLYING SAUDI BUILDING CODE (SBC 304) IN TEACHING REINFORCED

CONCRETE COURSES IN JAZAN UNIVERSITY
H.S.J. Al Hazmi1, A.A. El-Abbasy2, H.S. Abou Elmal3
1
Vice Dean for Development, 2Prof. of Concrete Structures, 3Assist. Prof. of Concrete Structures,
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University, KSA.

ABSTRACT
The Saudi Building Code (SBC) is a set of legal, administrative and technical regulations and requirements
that specify the minimum standards of construction for building in order to ensure public safety and health.
The International Code Council (ICC) grants permission to the Saudi Building Code National Committee
(SBCNC) to include all or any portion of material from the ICC codes, and standards in the SBC and ICC is
not responsible or liable in any way to SBCNC or to any other party or entity for any modifications or changes
that SBCNC makes to such documents. The Saudi Building Code Requirements for Concrete Structures (SBC
304) were developed based on ICC code in addition to American Concrete Institute (ACI) materials. ACI
grants permission to the SBCNC to include ACI materials in the SBC, and ACI is not responsible for any
modifications or changes that SBCNC has made to accommodate local conditions. The development process
of SBC 304 followed the methodology approved by the Saudi Building Code National Committee. Many
changes and modifications were made on ACI, such as Durability Requirements, the simplified methods for the
design of two-way slab system of Appendix C, expanding some topics such as Hot Weather, taking into
considerations the properties of local material such as the Saudi steel and the engineering level for those
involved in the building sector. Unfortunately, most of design aids, text books, or even lecture notes on the
ACI318 code are focused on the original version with English units, ignoring metric version which is similar to
the SBC304. So metric design aids are not available. Also, Saudi steel properties and bar diameters are
different from those used in USA. In addition, concrete industry in Saudi Arabia is different from other
countries. For these reasons, Civil Engineering Department in Jazan University, which decided to use the
Saudi Building Code in teaching reinforced concrete courses, constructed a series of design aids based on the
SBC304. Lecture notes of compulsory and elective courses, solved examples, exercises, and all relatives to
these courses are prepared according to the SBC304. The department is intending to collect all these lecture
notes, solved examples, problems, and design aids in a text book covers design of concrete structures according
to the SBC304. In other Saudi Universities, a dispersion of teaching concrete courses due to using different
codes, e.g., Egyptian Code (ECC), British Code (BS), or American Code (ACI) causes no unification. This may
cause some problems of understanding and communication between graduate engineers. The proposed book, if
shared between Saudi universities, may overcome this problem. This book will be attached with spread sheets
for design of concrete structures which enable designers to use the Saudi Building Code in their structural
design.

Keywords: Saudi Building Code, Reinforced concrete courses, Jazan University, SI units, Design Aids.

INTRODUCTION
Design codes for reinforced concrete vary from country to country and from time to time, this fact is true
because, design codes are deeply affected by various factors such as temperature, climate, environment,
resources, and even culture, and common units. Saudi Building Code (SBC 304) is the most convenient
reference when teaching design of reinforced concrete inside the Saudi territories. The fact that, university
professors responsible for teaching reinforced concrete design in different Saudi universities originates from
different countries in addition to those Saudi professors attaining their Ph.D. degree from the west or Japan
adopting different design codes. As a logical result, the same curriculum will be taught in different manners
from university to another. Unifying teaching methodology and the adopted code in design is a must, as it
gathers all graduated students, future engineers, under the same umbrella.

One of the main obstacles in applying the (SBC 304) and implementing it as the main reference for design
when teaching reinforced concrete design courses is the lack of metric design aids. Although Saudi Building
Code (SBC 304) adopted the metric version of the ACI code, but still using the imperial design aids appended

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to the ACI code in its both versions. Another disadvantage, is the lack of exercises, and solved examples using
the metric equations and metric design aids, that clarify the concepts and maneuvers of applying the code in
design. From recourses point of view, another disadvantage arises when adopting ACI code. The reinforcing
steel bars strength and diameters manufactured in KSA varies from those used in the United States. Raw
materials, mixing, and casting conditions of concrete in KSA varies from those provided in the ACI code. For
the above reasons, an effort should be exerted to overcome all obstacles preventing applying Saudi Building
Code (SBC 304) and unifying the design criterion and teaching methods among the civil engineering students
and engineers.

OBJECTIVE
Teamwork of civil engineering department, in Jazan University scoped the previously explained problems, and
stated the solution in four main steps as follows:

1- Preparing a convenient appendix for design aids in metric units that covers all design necessities when
applying the SBC 304 design equations.
2-Adopting all equations and requirements of SBC 304 in teaching different courses of reinforced concrete
design.
3- Preparing design notes, exercises, and solved examples covering all cases of design for different types of
sections.
4- Describing and implementing the real available materials used in manufacturing reinforced concrete in the
Saudi market.

METHODOLOGY
To achieve the objective of this work, a part of the Structural engineering committee of civil engineering
department in Jazan University - the authors of the current paper - prepared a metric version of the design aids
covering the design of flexural sections subjected to pure bending moment in different cases namely, singly-
reinforced rectangular section, doubly-reinforced rectangular section, and design of flanged sections. The
prepared metric design aids were extracted from the first principles equations for design stated in the SBC 304.
These design aids were implemented in teaching the first preliminary course of reinforced concrete design (Eng
C414). For sections subjected to pure normal force, the SBC 304 equations were adopted in teaching design of
short columns and ties.

Further design aids in metric units are being prepared, in progress, to cover sections subjected to a combination
of normal force, and bending moments (Frame Elements), water tight sections (Uncracked), and pre-stressed
elements to be used in teaching advanced courses of reinforced concrete design (Eng C511), and (Eng C536).

Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC) has made many changes and modifications on ACI to
accommodate local conditions. Durability Requirements, the simplified methods for the design of two-way slab
system, and expanding some topics such as Hot Weather were meticulously modified. Those modifications
accompanied with the metric version of design aids proposed by the authors and real representation of
materials used in reinforced concrete manufacturing in the Saudi market, will make the (SBC 304) in perfect
shape to be applied in design of reinforced concrete structures.

Understanding the SBC 304 equations and techniques in its metric approach will never be truly correct without
enough examples and exercises clarifying different cases and conditions the designer might face. Schematic
drawings, step by step solved examples; lecture notes, case studies, and final commentary are provided by the
authors to enhance the process of teaching both compulsory and elective courses of reinforced concrete design
using the SBC 304.

Civil engineering department in Jazan University has requested the committee responsible of implementing the
(SBC 304) in teaching various courses of reinforced concrete design, namely (Eng C414), (Eng C511), and
(Eng C536) to gather all their work (Design Aids, Lecture Notes, Solved examples,….etc) to make a text book
which might be the first stone in unifying all Saudi Universities under their own design code.

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THE PROPOSED TEXT BOOK

The proposed text book is mentioned to cover three main courses two of them are compulsory (Eng C414),
(Eng C511), and the third one is an elective course (Eng C536) using the SBC 304 in its metric approach. The
book will presented into fourteen chapters, the first four chapters will focus on understanding the behavior of
reinforced concrete, and its mechanical properties under pure bending moment and pure normal force. Design
of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular sections and design of flanged sections will be covered using first
principles of ultimate strength design method and also applying the proposed design aids in design of those
sections. Design of beams and slabs (one way and two ways) will be discussed in details as an application on
the previously mentioned sections. Design of short columns (tide and spiral), and ties will be covered using the
approach of SBC 304.Those four chapters will cover the course Eng C414.

Chapters from five to eight will cover the design of sections subjected to booth bending moment (small
eccentricity and big eccentricity) and normal force (tension or compression). Frames, long columns, saw tooth
covering, arch girders, arch slabs, beamless slabs,…etc will be explained as an application of the stated
sections. Design of sections under shear and/or torsional shear will be discussed taking design of stairs as a
model explaining those sections. Those four chapters will cover the course (Eng C511).

Chapters from nine to twelve will focus on design of water tight sections. Circular and rectangular tanks,
ground reservoirs, elevated tanks, and counter forts will be covered. Design of flexural pre-stressed sections
under different conditions (Pre- tensioned and Post- tensioned) will also be explained. Those four chapters will
cover the course (Eng C536). The last two chapters will cover some selected topics such as, deep beams, short
cantilevers, Lateral loads (wind and earthquakes), and shear failure will be discussed. In addition preparing of a
whole design project will be presented.

The proposed book, if shared between Saudi universities, may overcome the problems of applying Saudi
Building Code (SBC 304) in teaching reinforced concrete courses. This book will be attached with spread
sheets for design of concrete structures which enable designers to use the Saudi Building Code in their
structural design.

REFERENCES

[1] McCormack, J.C. and Nelson J.K., “Design of Reinforced Concrete- ACI318-05 Code Edition”, Seventh
Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006, 724 pp.
[2] Wang, C., Salmon, C.G., and Pincheira, A. J., “Reinforced Concrete Design”, 7th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons Inc., 2007, 869 pp.
[3] Saudi Building Code National Committee, “Saudi Building Code Requirements - Structural – Loading and
Forces – SBC 302”, 2007, 273 PP.
[4] Saudi Building Code National Committee, “Saudi Building Code Requirements - Structural – Concrete
Structures Requirements– SBC 304”, 2007, 278 PP.
[5] Saudi Building Code National Committee, “Saudi Building Code Commentary - Structural – Concrete
Structures Requirements– SBC 304”, 2007.
[6] The American Concrete Institute “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-08)
and Commentary”, 2008, 479 pp.
[7] Portland Cement Association, “PCA Notes on ACI 318-08 Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete”, 2008, 1508 pp.

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Appendix (A): Samples of Reinforced Concrete Design Aids According to Saudi Building Code (SBC 304)

Table 1 Information of Steel Bars Used in KSA

Dia Weight Cross Sectional Area (mm )

2

(mm) (kg/m`) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
6 0.222 28 57 85 113 141 170 198 226 254 283 311 339
8 0.395 50 101 151 201 251 302 352 402 452 503 553 603
10 0.617 79 157 236 314 393 471 550 628 707 785 864 942
12 0.888 113 226 339 452 565 679 792 905 1018 1131 1244 1357
14 1.208 154 308 462 616 770 924 1078 1232 1385 1539 1693 1847
16 1.578 201 402 603 804 1005 1206 1407 1608 1810 2011 2212 2413
18 1.998 254 509 763 1018 1272 1527 1781 2036 2290 2545 2799 3054
20 2.466 314 628 942 1257 1571 1885 2199 2513 2827 3142 3456 3770
22 2.984 380 760 1140 1521 1901 2281 2661 3041 3421 3801 4181 4562
25 3.853 491 982 1473 1963 2454 2945 3436 3927 4418 4909 5400 5890
28 4.834 616 1232 1847 2463 3079 3695 4310 4926 5542 6158 6773 7389
32 6.313 804 1608 2413 3217 4021 4825 5630 6434 7238 8042 8847 9651
36 7.990 1018 2036 3054 4072 5089 6107 7125 8143 9161 10179 11197 12215
40 9.865 1257 2513 3770 5027 6283 7540 8796 10053 11310 12566 13823 15080
45 12.485 1590 3181 4771 6362 7952 9543 11133 12723 14314 15904 17495 19085
50 15.413 1963 3927 5890 7854 9817 11781 13744 15708 17671 19635 21598 23562

Table 3 ρ Balanced, Minimum, and for Different

Values of εt (fy =420 Mpa)

fc` (MPa) 21 28 35 42
β1 0.85 0.85 0.8 0.75
ρbalanced 0.02125 0.02833 0.03333 0.03750
εt = 0.004 0.01548 0.02064 0.02429 0.02732 Max. for flexure
εt = 0.005 0.01355 0.01806 0.02125 0.02391 Tension controlled
εt = 0.0075 0.01032 0.01376 0.01619 0.01821
ρminimum 0.00333 0.00333 0.00352 0.00386

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Table 4 Flexural Strength R1 = Mu / (φ fc` bd2) or Mn / (fc` bd2) of

Rectangular Sections with Tension Reinforcement only

ω 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009
0.00 0.0000 0.0010 0.0020 0.0030 0.0040 0.0050 0.0060 0.0070 0.0080 0.0090
0.01 0.0099 0.0109 0.0119 0.0129 0.0139 0.0149 0.0158 0.0168 0.0178 0.0188
0.02 0.0198 0.0207 0.0217 0.0227 0.0237 0.0246 0.0256 0.0266 0.0275 0.0285
0.03 0.0295 0.0304 0.0314 0.0324 0.0333 0.0343 0.0352 0.0362 0.0371 0.0381
0.04 0.0391 0.0400 0.0410 0.0419 0.0429 0.0438 0.0448 0.0457 0.0466 0.0476
0.05 0.0485 0.0495 0.0504 0.0513 0.0523 0.0532 0.0541 0.0551 0.0560 0.0569
0.06 0.0579 0.0588 0.0597 0.0607 0.0616 0.0625 0.0634 0.0644 0.0653 0.0662
0.07 0.0671 0.0680 0.0689 0.0699 0.0708 0.0717 0.0726 0.0735 0.0744 0.0753
0.08 0.0762 0.0771 0.0780 0.0789 0.0798 0.0807 0.0816 0.0825 0.0834 0.0843
0.09 0.0852 0.0861 0.0870 0.0879 0.0888 0.0897 0.0906 0.0914 0.0923 0.0932
0.10 0.0941 0.0950 0.0959 0.0967 0.0976 0.0985 0.0994 0.1002 0.1011 0.1020
0.11 0.1029 0.1037 0.1046 0.1055 0.1063 0.1072 0.1081 0.1089 0.1098 0.1106
0.12 0.1115 0.1124 0.1132 0.1141 0.1149 0.1158 0.1166 0.1175 0.1183 0.1192
0.13 0.1200 0.1209 0.1217 0.1226 0.1234 0.1242 0.1251 0.1259 0.1268 0.1276
0.14 0.1284 0.1293 0.1301 0.1309 0.1318 0.1326 0.1334 0.1343 0.1351 0.1359
0.15 0.1367 0.1375 0.1384 0.1392 0.1400 0.1408 0.1416 0.1425 0.1433 0.1441
0.16 0.1449 0.1457 0.1465 0.1473 0.1481 0.1489 0.1497 0.1505 0.1513 0.1521
0.17 0.1529 0.1537 0.1545 0.1553 0.1561 0.1569 0.1577 0.1585 0.1593 0.1601
0.18 0.1609 0.1617 0.1625 0.1632 0.1640 0.1648 0.1656 0.1664 0.1671 0.1679
0.19 0.1687 0.1695 0.1703 0.1710 0.1718 0.1726 0.1733 0.1741 0.1749 0.1756
0.20 0.1764 0.1772 0.1779 0.1787 0.1794 0.1802 0.1810 0.1817 0.1825 0.1832
0.21 0.1840 0.1847 0.1855 0.1862 0.1870 0.1877 0.1885 0.1892 0.1900 0.1907
0.22 0.1914 0.1922 0.1929 0.1937 0.1944 0.1951 0.1959 0.1966 0.1973 0.1981
0.23 0.1988 0.1995 0.2002 0.2010 0.2017 0.2024 0.2031 0.2039 0.2046 0.2053
0.24 0.2060 0.2067 0.2074 0.2082 0.2089 0.2096 0.2103 0.2110 0.2117 0.2124
0.25 0.2131 0.2138 0.2145 0.2152 0.2159 0.2166 0.2173 0.2180 0.2187 0.2194
0.26 0.2201 0.2208 0.2215 0.2222 0.2229 0.2236 0.2243 0.2249 0.2256 0.2263
0.27 0.2270 0.2277 0.2283 0.2290 0.2297 0.2304 0.2311 0.2317 0.2324 0.2331
0.28 0.2337 0.2344 0.2351 0.2357 0.2364 0.2371 0.2377 0.2384 0.2391 0.2397
0.29 0.2404 0.2410 0.2417 0.2423 0.2430 0.2437 0.2443 0.2450 0.2456 0.2463
0.30 0.2469 0.2475 0.2482 0.2488 0.2495 0.2501 0.2508 0.2514 0.2520 0.2527

R1 = Mn/fc`bd = ω(1- 0.59ω), where ω = ρfy /fc '

2

For design: Using Mu , enter table with R1 = Mu /(φfc`bd ); find ω and compute
2

steel percentage ρ = ωfc` /fy while for investigation: Enter table with ω = ρfy /fc` ,
find value of R1 = Mn /fc`bd and solve for nominal strength, Mn.
2

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7
Coefficient of Resistance Rn (MPa)

6
fc` = 21

5 fc` = 28
fc` = 35
4
fc` = 42
3

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
Reinforcement Ratio ρ
Fig. 1 Strength Curves (Rn vs. ρ) for Grade 420 Reinforcement (εt >=.005)

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10

7
fc` =
Coefficient of Resistance Rn (MPa)

6 21
fc` =
5 28
fc` =
4
35
3

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
Reinforcement Ratio ρ
Fig. 2 Strength Curves (Rn vs. ρ) for Grade 420 Reinforcement (εt >=.004)

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Table 5 R n Balanced, Minimum, and for Different

Values of t (f y =420 Mpa)

f c ` (MPa) 21 28 35 42

1 0.85 0.85 0.8 0.75

R n balanced 6.69375 8.92500 10.70588 12.27574

t  5.31812 7.09082 8.45143 9.63080 Max. for flexure

t  4.78289 6.37719 7.58625 8.62866 Tension controlled

t  3.80861 5.07814 6.02286 6.83036

R n minimum 1.34510 1.35882 1.44226 1.58342

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Table 6 Rn` vs. ρ ` for Grade 420 Reinforcement

d/d` 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.1125

Rn`(Mpa) ρ ` (%)
0.15 0.037 0.038 0.038 0.038 0.039 0.039 0.040 0.040
0.3 0.074 0.075 0.076 0.077 0.078 0.078 0.079 0.080
0.45 0.112 0.113 0.114 0.115 0.116 0.118 0.119 0.121
0.6 0.149 0.150 0.152 0.154 0.155 0.157 0.159 0.161
0.75 0.186 0.188 0.190 0.192 0.194 0.196 0.198 0.201
0.9 0.223 0.226 0.228 0.230 0.233 0.235 0.238 0.241
1.05 0.260 0.263 0.266 0.269 0.272 0.275 0.278 0.282
1.2 0.298 0.301 0.304 0.307 0.311 0.314 0.317 0.322
1.35 0.335 0.338 0.342 0.346 0.349 0.353 0.357 0.362
1.5 0.372 0.376 0.380 0.384 0.388 0.392 0.397 0.402
1.65 0.409 0.414 0.418 0.422 0.427 0.432 0.437 0.443
1.8 0.446 0.451 0.456 0.461 0.466 0.471 0.476 0.483
1.95 0.484 0.489 0.494 0.499 0.505 0.510 0.516 0.523
2.1 0.521 0.526 0.532 0.538 0.543 0.549 0.556 0.563
2.25 0.558 0.564 0.570 0.576 0.582 0.589 0.595 0.604
2.4 0.595 0.602 0.608 0.614 0.621 0.628 0.635 0.644
2.55 0.632 0.639 0.646 0.653 0.660 0.667 0.675 0.684
2.7 0.670 0.677 0.684 0.691 0.699 0.706 0.714 0.724
2.85 0.707 0.714 0.722 0.730 0.738 0.746 0.754 0.765
3 0.744 0.752 0.760 0.768 0.776 0.785 0.794 0.805
3.15 0.781 0.789 0.798 0.806 0.815 0.824 0.833 0.845
3.3 0.818 0.827 0.836 0.845 0.854 0.863 0.873 0.885
3.45 0.856 0.865 0.874 0.883 0.893 0.903 0.913 0.926
3.6 0.893 0.902 0.912 0.922 0.932 0.942 0.952 0.966
3.75 0.930 0.940 0.950 0.960 0.970 0.981 0.992 1.006
3.9 0.967 0.977 0.988 0.998 1.009 1.020 1.032 1.046
4.05 1.004 1.015 1.026 1.037 1.048 1.060 1.071 1.087
4.2 1.042 1.053 1.064 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.111 1.127
4.35 1.079 1.090 1.102 1.114 1.126 1.138 1.151 1.167
4.5 1.116 1.128 1.140 1.152 1.165 1.177 1.190 1.207
4.65 1.153 1.165 1.178 1.190 1.203 1.217 1.230 1.247
4.8 1.190 1.203 1.216 1.229 1.242 1.256 1.270 1.288
4.95 1.228 1.241 1.254 1.267 1.281 1.295 1.310 1.328
5.1 1.265 1.278 1.292 1.306 1.320 1.334 1.349 1.368
5.25 1.302 1.316 1.330 1.344 1.359 1.374 1.389 1.408
5.4 1.339 1.353 1.368 1.382 1.398 1.413 1.429 1.449
5.55 1.376 1.391 1.406 1.421 1.436 1.452 1.468 1.489
5.7 1.414 1.429 1.444 1.459 1.475 1.491 1.508 1.529
5.85 1.451 1.466 1.482 1.498 1.514 1.531 1.548 1.569
6 1.488 1.504 1.520 1.536 1.553 1.570 1.587 1.610

Mn ` = R n ` b d 2

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Table 7 Reinforcement ratio ρf (%) balancing concrete

in overhang(s) in T or L beams; fy = 420 Mpa
fc`(Mpa) 21 25 28 30 35 42
d/hf ρf (%)
2 2.125 2.530 2.833 3.036 3.542 4.250
3 1.417 1.687 1.889 2.024 2.361 2.833
4 1.063 1.265 1.417 1.518 1.771 2.125
5 0.850 1.012 1.133 1.214 1.417 1.700
6 0.708 0.843 0.944 1.012 1.181 1.417
7 0.607 0.723 0.810 0.867 1.012 1.214
8 0.531 0.632 0.708 0.759 0.885 1.063
9 0.472 0.562 0.630 0.675 0.787 0.944
10 0.425 0.506 0.567 0.607 0.708 0.850
11 0.386 0.460 0.515 0.552 0.644 0.773
12 0.354 0.422 0.472 0.506 0.590 0.708
13 0.327 0.389 0.436 0.467 0.545 0.654
14 0.304 0.361 0.405 0.434 0.506 0.607
15 0.283 0.337 0.378 0.405 0.472 0.567
16 0.266 0.316 0.354 0.379 0.443 0.531
17 0.250 0.298 0.333 0.357 0.417 0.500
18 0.236 0.281 0.315 0.337 0.394 0.472
19 0.224 0.266 0.298 0.320 0.373 0.447
20 0.213 0.253 0.283 0.304 0.354 0.425
21 0.202 0.241 0.270 0.289 0.337 0.405
22 0.193 0.230 0.258 0.276 0.322 0.386
23 0.185 0.220 0.246 0.264 0.308 0.370
24 0.177 0.211 0.236 0.253 0.295 0.354
25 0.170 0.202 0.227 0.243 0.283 0.340
26 0.163 0.195 0.218 0.234 0.272 0.327
27 0.157 0.187 0.210 0.225 0.262 0.315
28 0.152 0.181 0.202 0.217 0.253 0.304
29 0.147 0.174 0.195 0.209 0.244 0.293
30 0.142 0.169 0.189 0.202 0.236 0.283
31 0.137 0.163 0.183 0.196 0.228 0.274
32 0.133 0.158 0.177 0.190 0.221 0.266
33 0.129 0.153 0.172 0.184 0.215 0.258
34 0.125 0.149 0.167 0.179 0.208 0.250
35 0.121 0.145 0.162 0.173 0.202 0.243
36 0.118 0.141 0.157 0.169 0.197 0.236
37 0.115 0.137 0.153 0.164 0.191 0.230
38 0.112 0.133 0.149 0.160 0.186 0.224
39 0.109 0.130 0.145 0.156 0.182 0.218
40 0.106 0.126 0.142 0.152 0.177 0.213

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ISBN 978-967-5995-07-1 @2011 FEIIC
 International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEE), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 25-27 December 2011

Table 8 Minimum Cover for protection of reinforcement (Section 7.7.1)

Not exposed to weather or in contact with ground

Beams and columns 40 mm
Slabs, walls, joists with smaller than Dia 40 mm bars 20 mm
Slabs, walls, joists with Dia 40 mm bars and larger 40 mm
Exposed to earth or weather
Members with Dia 18 mm bar, WD 12.0 wire, and smaller 40 mm
Members with Dia 20 mm bars and larger 50 mm
Cast against and permanently exposed to earth 75 mm

Notes: i) The minimum cover is measured from the concrete surface to the outermost surface of stirrups;
or to the outermost surface of main bars if more than one layer is used without stirrups.

ii) In corrosive environments or other severe exposure conditions, the amount of cover
shall be suitably increased (Section 7.7.5).

ii) The minimum cover shall also satisfy the fire protection requirement (Section
7.7.7).

Cover

d
s
t
r

db
s'≥ 25mm

Cover

s
N.B.: S min = largest of d b , 25 mm, 4/3 of max. aggregate size

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ISBN 978-967-5995-07-1 @2011 FEIIC

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