Day and night are caused by Earth's  

                            .
a. tilt
b. revolution
c. moon
d. rotation

Planetary Motion
This question is a part of a group with common instructions. View group »
Which statement best describes tides experienced on Earth when the Sun,
Moon, and Earth are positioned as shown in the diagram?

a. very high, high tides; very low, low tides

b. very high, high tides; average low tides
c. average high tides; very low, low tides
d. average high tides; average low tides

Planetary Motion
How long does it take for Earth to rotate once on its axis?
a. 1 day
b. 1 year
c. 1 week
d. 1 month

Planetary Motion
What object is at the center of a geocentric solar system?
a. Earth
b. the Moon
c. the Sun
d. a black hole
 Planetary Motion
How long does it take for Earth revolve once around the Sun?
a. 1 week
b. 1 month
c. 1 year
d. 1 day

The Moon
What caused the Moon's craters?
a. maria
b. tides
c. meteorites
d. mountains

The Moon
Javier is creating a moon phase diagram as part of an astronomy project. He
drew the image of the Moon shown. Which of the following best describes
the phase of the Moon that could be represented by Javier's drawing?

a. New
b. Full
c. Quarter
d. Gibbous

Planetary Motion
The distance of Earth from the Sun causes the cycle of seasons.
a. True
b. False
 The Moon
As viewed from Earth, the Moon appears in the sky as shown. Which best
describes the phase of the Moon?

a. Crescent
b. Quarter
c. Full
d. New

Inner Planets
The tilt of Earth is                               degrees.
a. 90
b. 23.5
c. 0
d. 35.2

Planetary Motion
The Moon's shadow falling on Earth causes a
a. full moon.
b. new moon.
c. lunar eclipse.
d. solar eclipse.
e. none of the above

The Moon
This question is a part of a group with common instructions. View group »
Gerald keeps a journal of Moon phases for a homework assignment. His
sketches of how the Moon appeared on three different clear nights are
shown below. Based upon Gerald's drawings, it appears that the Moon is
waning.

a. True
b. False

The Moon
What is the Moon called when light fully illuminates the whole side facing
Earth?
a. Full moon
b. New moon
c. Third quarter
d. Waxing gibbous

Universe
What unit of measurement is approximately equal to the distance between
the Sun and Earth?
a. astronomical unit
b. light-year
c. parsec
d. arc second

The Moon
Maddie must keep a moon journal for a homework assignment. Her sketches
of how the Moon appeared on three different clear nights are shown. Based
upon Maddie's drawings, it appears that the Moon is waxing.
 a. True
b. False

Stars
A huge cloud of gas and dust from which new stars and galaxies form is
called
a. a pulsar.
b. a nova.
c. a nebula.
d. the universe.

The Moon
What phase would the Moon be in if Earth was located directly to the right of
the Moon on the diagram shown?

a. New
b. Full
c. First quarter
d. Third quarter
 Inner Planets
Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has
a. clouds.
b. a solid core.
c. oceans of liquid water.
d. a thick atmosphere.

Planetary Motion
If it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, which statement is true?
a. Earth has changed the tilt of its axis by 20 degrees due to its
revolution.
b. It is winter in the Southern Hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth's axis.
c. It is summer in the Southern Hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth's
axis.
d. Earth has reached its closest point to the Sun due to its revolution.

Planetary Motion
The spin of Earth is known as
a. revolution.
b. rotation.
c. evolution.
d. seasonal.

rade 8Universe
A light year is a measurement of
a. time.
b. distance.
c. temperature.
d. star brightness.

Sun
Where does the nuclear fusion process occur?
a. the core
b. the radiation zone
c. the convection zone
d. the Sun's atmosphere
 The Moon
Grace makes a diagram using the Moon image seen below. She draws Earth
to the left of the Moon and the Sun to the right of the Moon. Based on
Grace's diagram, which statement is most correct?

a. A lunar eclipse will be seen from some locations on Earth.

b. A lunar eclipse may be seen from some locations on Earth.
c. A solar eclipse will be seen from some locations on Earth.
d. A solar eclipse may be seen from some locations on Earth.

The Moon
What phase of the Moon is larger than a semi-circle, but not a complete
circle of light?
a. Gibbous Moon
b. New Moon
c. Crescent Moon
d. Three Quarter Moon

The Moon
What Moon phase is larger than a semi-circle, but smaller than when all the
Moon is illuminated?
a. Waning
b. Waxing
c. Gibbous
d. Quarter

The Moon
Which of the following is true about the Moon?
a. It has no gravity at all.
 b. It has a constant surface temperature.
c. It has an extremely thin atmosphere.
d. It has liquid water.

Planetary Motion
What causes the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky during the
day on Earth?
a. revolution of Earth in its orbit
b. rotation of Earth on its axis
c. location of Earth in space
d. objects are moving around Earth

Planetary Motion
The diagram shows the relative positions of the Sun (A), Moon (C), and
Earth (B). Which Moon image best represents the phase of the Moon when
viewed from Earth based on the diagram?

a.
 b.

c.

d.

Stars
The apparent magnitude of a star is a measure of its
a. surface temperature and composition.
b. distance from Earth.
c. brightness as it appears from Earth.
d. position on the H-R diagram.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

A table of objects found in the solar system and their definitions is shown.

Object Definition
Sun star at the center of our solar system
Comet mostly round body that orbits the Sun and has not cleared its
region of objects
Moon natural satellite that orbits a planet
Planet mostly round body that orbits the Sun and cleared its region
of objects
Asteroid small rocky object - often contains metals
Dwarf icy rocky body that forms two long tails of dust when it nears
Planet the Sun

Two objects have been placed next to incorrect definitions. Which two solar
system objects should be switched to make the table correct?
a. comet and moon
b. asteroid and sun
c. planet and dwarf planet
d. dwarf planet and comet

Planetary Motion
Earth                               on its axis once every 24 hours.
a. revolves
b. rotates
c. flips
d. reverses

The Moon
The diagrams below show the positions of the Sun (A), Earth (B), and Moon
(C). Which diagram represents when a full moon would be observed from
Earth's surface?
 a.

b.

c.

d.

The Moon
A spring tide occurs when
a. it is the spring equinox.
b. the Sun, Earth, and Moon are nearly in-line.
c. the Moon is in its first or last quarter phase.
d. the line between Earth and the Sun is at right angles to the line
between Earth and the Moon.

The Moon
The Moon revolves around Earth once every
a. 27.3 days.
b. 7 days.
c. 365 days.
d. 24 hours.

Planetary Motion
About once every 365 days Earth completes one rotation around the Sun.
a. True
b. False

The Moon
Locate Tycho on the map of the Moon. Tycho is most likely
.

a. a dried ocean
b. an ancient crater
c. an extinct volcano
d. a weathered mountain

The Moon
The phase of the Moon that follows the waning crescent is called the
a. full moon.
b. new moon.
c. waxing crescent.
d. third quarter.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

When a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it produces a streak of light
called a(n)
a. meteor.
b. comet.
c. meteorite.
 d. asteroid.

Sun
The outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere is the
a. corona.
b. chromosphere.
c. photosphere.
d. convection zone.

Planetary Motion
During a solar eclipse, the shadow of                               falls on                               .
a. Earth; the Sun
b. the Sun; Earth
c. Earth; the Moon
d. the Moon; Earth

The Moon
People who stand in the Moon's umbra, the darkest part of its shadow,
experience a
a. partial lunar eclipse.
b. a partial solar eclipse.
c. a total solar eclipse.
d. a total lunar eclipse.

Stars
In the last stage of stellar evolution following a supernova, stars too massive
to form neutron stars may form a
a. black dwarf.
b. supergiant.
c. white dwarf.
d. black hole.

Inner Planets
What is Earth's tilt on its axis?
a. 23.4 degrees
b. 60.7 degrees
c. 26.6 degrees
 d. 80.4 degrees

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

An                       asteroid                      is a rocky object that revolves around the
Sun that is to small to be called a planet.

Universe
A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity are called a
.
a. nebula
b. quasar
c. cluster
d. galaxy

Sun
The Sun's surface exists in what state of matter?
a. plasma
b. solid
c. liquid
d. gas

The Moon
What results when the Moon is in Earth's umbra?
a. a partial lunar eclipse
b. a partial solar eclipse
c. a total solar eclipse
d. a total lunar eclipse

Planetary Motion
During a lunar eclipse,
a. Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.
b. the Moon casts a shadow on Earth.

Space Exploration
What was president John F. Kennedy's goal for the space program?
a. To go to infinity and beyond.
b. To be the first nation to land a human on the Moon.
 c. To go to the edge of our solar system.
d. To study the effects of the Sun on Earth's atmosphere.

Inner Planets
Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
a. Jupiter
b. Mars
c. Neptune

Sun
The Sun is located in a galaxy called
a. Andromeda.
b. Milky Way.
c. Sagittarius.
d. Orion.

The Moon
What results when the Moon is in Earth's umbra?
a. a total solar eclipse
b. a total lunar eclipse
c. a partial solar eclipse
d. a partial lunar eclipse

Planetary Motion
During a solar eclipse
a. Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.
b. the Moon casts a shadow on Earth.

Stars
A star's brightness as seen from Earth is
a. its apparent magnitude.
b. its overall magnitude.
c. its complex magnitude.
d. its absolute magnitude.

Stars
A plot of surface temperatures of stars against their absolute magnitude is
called
a. an H-R diagram.
b. a stellar chart.
c. a constellation map.
d. a spectrum.

The Moon
The phase of the Moon that follows the waning gibbous is called the
a. first quarter.
b. third quarter.
c. new moon.
d. full moon.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Pluto is an example of a(n)
a. dwarf planet.
b. inner planet.
c. outer planet.
d. planetesimal.

Planetary Motion
During a                               tide, the Sun, Earth, and Moon form a right angle.
a. spring
b. neap

Solar System
A/an               star              is a self-illuminated gaseous body of great size, that
produces its own energy by nuclear fusion, and is usually shaped like a
sphere.

A/an               moon              is a heavenly body that orbits a planet or smaller

body, called its primary.

A/an                   planet                  is a spherical, heavenly body in orbit around the

Sun that is sufficiently far from other objects.
The             sun            is the star that is the central body of the solar system.

Inner Planets
Mars is                               than Earth.
a. smaller
b. larger

rade 8Space Exploration

What are the name of the two astronauts that landed on the Moon on 1969?
a. John Glenn and Alan Shepard
b. Ronald McNair and Gregory Jarvis
c. Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin Jr.
d. Jim Lovell and John Swigert

Planetary Motion
The diagram below shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during
a neap tide.

a. True
b. False

The Moon
The craters on the Moon were caused by volcanoes.
a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
                                Solar Eclipse                                -when the Moon is directly between
the Sun and Earth, the shadow of the Moon falls on part of Earth.

The Moon
The Moon does not rotate on its axis and that is why we can only see one
side of it from Earth.
a. True
b. False

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

A meteorite is a meteoroid that reaches Earth's surface.
a. True
b. False

Sun
About how much of the solar system's mass is in the Sun?
a. 85.5%
b. 99.8%
c. 65.9%
d. 95.7%

Space Exploration
The first person to view the Moon using a telescope was
a. Galileo.
b. Copernicus.
c. Newton.
d. Armstrong.

Sun
Huge reddish loops of gases on the Sun are called                               .
a. prominences
b. solar flares
c. solar wind
d. sunspots

Planetary Motion
The diagram below shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during
a spring tide.

a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
The diagram below shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during
a neap tide.

a. True
b. False

Stars
The process by which stars produce their energy is called
a. internal combustion.
b. nuclear fusion.
c. nuclear fission.
d. electromagnetic radiation.

Space Exploration
What sport did the astronauts try to play on the Moon?
 a. lacrosse
b. baseball
c. football
d. golf

Planetary Motion
During the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere, Earth is tilted
towards the Sun.
a. True
b. False

Sun
What is the source of the Sun's energy?
a. chemical reaction
b. nuclear fusion
c. nuclear fission

Planetary Motion
When the Sun reaches its greatest difference north or south of the equator,
that day is called an equinox.
a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
The diagram shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during a
neap tide.

a. True
b. False
 Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets
A meteoroid that has entered Earth's atmosphere.
a. meteoroid
b. meteorite
c. asteroid
d. meteor

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Which of the following distinguishes a planet from a dwarf planet?
a. orbits the Sun
b. large enough to form a round shape
c. cleared similar objects from its orbit
d. has gravity

Planetary Motion
When the Sun reaches its greatest difference north or south of the equator,
that day is called a solstice.
a. True
b. False

The Moon
The                         positions                        of the Moon, Earth, and the Sun cause
the                   phases                  of the Moon, eclipses, and tides.

Planetary Motion
This question is a part of a group with common instructions. View group »
The diagram shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during a
neap tide.

a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
We experience day and night on Earth because
a. the Moon orbits Earth.
b. Earth is spinning.
c. Earth is tilted.
d. Earth is round.

Planetary Motion
The diagram shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during a
spring tide.

a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
                              Spring Tides                              - has the largest daily tidal range -
occur when the Sun, the Moon, and Earth form a straight line.

Sun
The               core              is at the center of the Sun. This is where the Sun's
energy is produced.

Space Exploration
When did the first man land on the Moon?
a. June 20, 1969
b. July 20, 1969
c. June 20, 1959
d. July 20, 1979

Planetary Motion
                                    summer solstice                                    - North Pole is leaning
toward Sun and is in complete sunlight. South Pole complete darkness.
Longest day of sunlight of the year.

Sun
The diagram shows the layers of                               .

a. the Sun
b. a comet
c. Earth
d. the Moon

The Moon
Flat lowland areas on the Moon are
a. craters.
b. volcanoes.
c. highlands.
d. maria.

Sun
The                             photosphere                            is the visible part of the Sun that
we can see from Earth.

The Moon
The diagrams show the positions of the Sun (A), Earth (B), and Moon (C) at
different times. Under each diagram, state whether a spring or neap tide is
represented and the phase of the moon as observed from Earth.

TIDE:                     Neap                    MOON PHASE:                                 First

Quarter                               

TIDE:                       Spring                      MOON PHASE:                                 Full

TIDE:                       Spring                      MOON PHASE:                                 New

TIDE:                     Neap                    MOON PHASE:                                 Third
Quarter                               

Space Exploration
Which two early astronomers were supporters of the geocentric, or Earth-
centered, model of the solar system?
a. Aristotle and Galileo
b. Galileo and Copernicus
c. Aristotle and Ptolemy
d. Copernicus and Ptolemy

Solar System
The Greeks believed that everything revolved around                 Earth                .

Planetary Motion
The Sun reaches it highest point in the sky in the Northern Hemisphere
during
a. September.
b. December.
c. January.
d. June.

Stars
The H-R diagram plots star
a. absolute magnitude vs. apparent magnitude.
b. mass vs. absolute magnitude.
c. luminosity vs. surface temperature.
d. surface temperature vs. mass.
 Planetary Motion
The diagram shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during a
spring tide.

a. True
b. False

The Moon
If the Moon and Sun line up when the Moon is at is farthest point in its orbit,
leaving a thin ring of sunlight around the Moon, it is called a                              
solar eclipse.
a. total
b. partial
c. annular

Sun
Relatively cool areas on the sun's surface are called
sunspots                      .

Planetary Motion
The diagram shows the alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during a
spring tide.

a. True
b. False

Why do stars appear to move?

a. Because the wind is blowing
b. Because they are so far away
c. Because of Earth's rotation
d. Because of Newton's law of gravity

Sun
What effect does the solar wind have on Earth's magnetic field?
a. Compasses on Earth stop working.
b. Earth's magnetosphere is spread out farther on the side of Earth not
facing the sun.
c. The magnetic field on the side facing the Sun is warmer.
d. Solar wind causes magnetic declination.

Planetary Motion
Earth has seasons because its               axis              is tilted as it moves around
the Sun.

Solar System
The idea that Earth is at the center of the universe and that the Sun,
planets, and stars all revolve around Earth, is the
geocentric                          view.
 Sun
What is the visible portion of the Sun?
a. transition region
b. photosphere
c. chromosphere
d. corona

Planetary Motion
                          Neap Tides                          - Tides that have the smallest daily tidal
range. Occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon form a 90 degree angle.

The Moon
The most distant point of the Moon from Earth is referred to as
.
a. perigee
b. waxing
c. apogee
d. earthshine

Sun
Sunlight is                                     electromagnetic                                    energy waves
from Earth's closest star.

Space Exploration
A building containing one or more telescopes is referred to as a/an
a. Astrobuilding
b. Observatory
c. Observation House
d. Star Deck

The Moon
According to the collision theory, the Moon is made
a. of material both from an object that struck Earth and from Earth itself.
b. only of material from a large object that struck Earth.
c. only of material thrown off from Earth itself.
d. only of ice contained in ancient meteoroids.
 Solar System
One astronomical unit (AU) equals the average distance between Earth and
the Sun, about 150,000,000 kilometers
a. True
b. False

The Moon
The Moon is about                               times smaller than the Sun.
a. 400
b. 300
c. 200
d. 100

The Moon
Features on the Moon's surface include                     craters                    ,
highlands                        , and                 maria                .

Sun
The Sun is composed mainly of                               .
a. helium
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen

Planetary Motion
                                Lunar Eclipse                                - Occurs when the Moon moves
through Earth's shadow.

Space Exploration
Which was the first human spaceflight program of the United States?
a. Project Discovery
b. Project Gemini
c. Project Apollo
d. Project Mercury

The Moon
Which of the following is true of early ideas about the Moon?
a. Ancient Greeks believed that the Moon was perfectly smooth.
 b. Ancient Greeks believed that the Moon was completely covered in
craters.
c. Early astronomers believed that the Moon was a giant meteor.
d. Early astronomers believed that Earth revolved around the Moon.

Planetary Motion
The Sun takes 25 days to go around Earth.
a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
                                  is the motion of an object in a complete circle.
a. rotational motion
b. periodic motion
c. linear motion

Sun
The Sun is about                               miles in diameter.
a. 8,950
b. 87,500
c. 865,000
d. 8,550,000

Explorer                               discovered the Van Allen radiation belts.

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Planetary Motion
A satellite in geosynchronous orbit moves at the same speed that Earth is
turning.
a. True
b. False

Inner Planets
The magnetosphere is the
 a. glowing region in the atmosphere caused by charged particles.
b. stream of charged particles flowing from the Sun.
c. doughnut-shaped region 25,000 kilometers above Earth's surface.
d. region of Earth's magnetic field shaped by the solar wind.

Inner Planets
If I went to Mercury, I would weight less than I do on Earth.
a. True
b. False

Sun
Most of the mass of the solar system is concentrated in the Sun, which thus
exerts the force called                               that holds the system together.
a. fusion
b. fission
c. gravity
d. solar wind

Stars
This question is a part of a group with common instructions. View group »
The process in which smaller atomic nuclei combine into large atomic nuclei
is known as
a. gravitational attraction.
b. parallax.
c. nuclear fusion.
d. the Doppler effect.

Stars
After a low or medium mass star has become a red giant the outer parts
grow bigger and drift into space, forming a cloud of gas called a
a. black dwarf
b. protostar
c. black hole
d. planetary nebula

Sun
The thin region below the corona is called the
chromosphere                              .

Space Exploration
The Hubble Space Telescope is a probe.
a. True
b. False

Space Exploration
In what year did NASA establish a new space launch center on Cape
Canaveral?
a. 1962
b. 1958
c. 1961
d. 1969

Solar System
Evidence suggest that all of the following may be able to sustain life due to
their water content, except which?
a. Ceres
b. Mars
c. Europa
d. Makemake

The Moon
The diagram represents a lunar eclipse.

a. True
b. False
 Stars
What is a spectroscope used for?
a. Analyze what elements a star contains
b. Measure the distance to star
c. Measure a star's temperature
d. Make distant objects appear closer.

The Moon
Label the phases of the Moon on the diagram.

a. From top going clockwise: third quarter, waning gibbous, full moon,
waxing gibbous, first quarter, waxing crescent, new moon, waning
crescent

The Moon
The diagram represents a solar eclipse.

a. True
b. False

Sun
The outer atmosphere is the                   corona                  .

The Moon
The diameter of the Moon is 3,476 kilometers, a little less than the distance
across the                   United                                    States                  .

Solar System
The inner planets are also called                                             terrestrial
planets                                            .

The Moon
This question is a part of a group with common instructions. View group »
The diagram represents a solar eclipse.

a. True
b. False
 The Moon
The diagram represents a lunar eclipse.

a. True
b. False

Solar System
Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a                               heliocentric                              (Sun-
centered) view, in which Earth and all the other planets orbit around the
Sun.

Space Exploration
What country launched the world's first artificial satellite, the Sputnik?
a. China
b. Germany
c. Russia
d. United States

Space Exploration
What successful space telescope was scheduled to operate for 15 years but
had its mission time extended thanks to at least 4 service calls?
a. Hubble
b. Chandra
c. Giotto
d. Cassini

Universe
States that about 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began with a huge
explosion.                                    Big Bang Theory                                   

Planetary Motion
A planet's closest approach to the Sun is                           perihelion                          .

Space Exploration
Astronomers use                                 to make observations and collect data about
objects in the solar system.
a. telescopes
b. satellites
c. space probes
d. all of the above

Space Exploration
Probes have been used to investigate only other planets.
a. True
b. False

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

The collection of rocks located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
a. Asteroid Belt
b. Kuiper Belt
c. Oort Cloud

The Moon
Label the eight phases of the Moon in the spaces provided on the diagram.

a. Clockwise from top: first quarter, waxing crescent, new, waning

crescent, third quarter, waning gibbous, full, waxing gibbous

Solar System
The dividing line between the illuminated and the unilluminated part of a
satellite is the                           Terminator                          .

Sun
The Sun is Earth's most important                               source.
a. energy

Sun
Lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere, gives off light and has temperatures
of about 6,000 K                             Photosphere                           

Universe
The most common element in the universe is                               .
a. oxygen
b. hydrogen
c. carbon
d. nitrogen

Universe
A unit of length equal to the distance that light travels through space in one
year
a. Light Year
b. Speed of light
c. Galaxy
d. Solar Mass

Space Exploration
Which of the following is NOT one of the four broad categories of satellites?
a. intelligence
b. communication
c. navigation
d. scientific

Universe
What would you call the study of everything in the universe?
a. Astrology
b. Astronomy
c. Cosmology
d. Anthology

Inner Planets
                              23.4 Degrees                              - Earth's Tilt

Solar System
Planetesimals collided with each other and created                              
a. Asteroids
b. Comets
c. Protoplanets
d. Space dust

Universe
The study of the origin, properties, processes, and evolution of the universe
is called                               .
a. Cosmetology
b. Cosmology
c. Coloscopy
 d. Colonoscopy

Planetary Motion
Which statement is true about the solar system diagram shown?

a. it shows the geocentric model

b. it shows the heliocentric model
c. it shows the Ptolemaic system
d. it shows the ancient Greek model

Space Exploration
What President started a project called Vanguard, which essentially began
the space race?
a. President John F. Kennedy
b. President Dwight D. Eisenhower
c. President Barack Obama
d. President Ronald Reagan

Space Exploration
What family of probes gave us our first look at Jupiter?
a. The Mariners
b. The Rangers
c. The Pioneers
d. The Vikings
 Sun
The force in opposition to gravity that kept our solar nebula from collapsing
in on itself is called
a. Pressure
b. Friction
c. Static
d. Magnetic

Space Exploration
An enormous exoplanet, called HD 106906 b, was discovered that is 11
times the size of Jupiter. What was not used to discover this new planet?
a. International Space Station
b. Hubble Space Telescope
c. Infrared camera
d. Magellan telescope

Stars
Characteristics used to classify stars include:
a. distance, size, and color
b. size, distance, and brightness
c. color, brightness, and temperature
d. distance, brightness, and temperature

Stars
Spectroscopes allow astronomers to identify the elements in a                               .
a. planet
b. star
c. comet
d. satellite

Inner Planets
Planet Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.
a. True
b. False

Stars
Scientists use magnitude to measure how bright one object appears as
compared to another. Scientists describe an object's magnitude in either of
two ways. Those two ways are
a. Adolescent Magnitude, Acceptable Magnitude
b. Arrogant Magnitude, Attributable Magnitude
c. Algorithmic Magnitude, Algebraic Magnitude
d. Apparent Magnitude, Absolute Magnitude

Universe
Which of the following objects is the largest?
a. star
b. galaxy
c. solar system
d. planet

Planetary Motion
Which of the Following is NOT an accurate statement about our solar
system?
a. All of the planets revolve around the Sun.
b. All of the planets revolve in elliptical orbits.
c. All of the planets revolve at the same speed.
d. All of the planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction.

Space Exploration
To fly beyond a planet's gravitational pull, a spacecraft must reach
.
a. velocity
b. orbital velocity
c. escape velocity
d. geostationary velocity

Sun
Huge, arching columns of gas that can be caused by the magnetic field of
sunspots are called
a. coronal mass ejections.
b. prominences.
c. solar wind.
 d. solar flares.

Inner Planets
The term "terrestrial planets" refers to the large gas planets that make up
our solar system.
a. True
b. False

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Large bits of dust and ice that circled the solar nebula
a. Protoplanets
b. Planets
c. Planetesimals
d. Protons

Space Exploration
In September 27, 2007, a space probe was launched, bound for Ceres. What
is the name of this space probe?
a. Morning
b. Evening
c. Western
d. Dawn

Universe
A/an                   galaxy                  is a system of millions or billions of stars,
together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.

The                       universe                      is all heavenly bodies and space, including

our solar system; the cosmos.

                Space                is the region beyond Earth's atmosphere.

A/an                   nebula                  is a cloud of interstellar (between stars) gas and

dust.

The                               solar system                              is the collection of planets and

their moons, plus smaller bodies, in orbit around the Sun.
                                  Constellations                                  are any of the various groups of
stars to which definite names have been given.

Stars
Globular cluster is a
a. Type of granola bar looks like a ball.
b. Type of star that looks like a ball.
c. Tight group of stars that look like a ball.
d. Tight group of galaxies that look like a ball.

Universe
Which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies?
a. They contain older stars.
b. They are oval in shape.
c. They are collections of dust and stars.
d. They have a bright bulge in the center.
e. Many new stars are being formed.

Stars
Which two elements are the main composition of a star?
a. Carbon Dioxide & Nitrogen
b. Hydrogen & Boron
c. Nitrogen & Helium
d. Helium & Hydrogen

Solar System
Which of these BEST describes our solar system?
a. geocentric
b. heliocentric
c. universal
d. Ptolemy's

Stars
Which of the following can be created from the death of a super giant star?
a. white dwarf star
b. black hole
 c. protostar
d. nebula

The Moon
How many phases does the Lunar Cycle consist of?
a. 12
b. 6
c. 3
d. 8

Universe
How many main types of galaxies are there?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 3
d. 7

Inner Planets
Mars has           2          moons.

Sun
Some scientists have linked periods of low sunspot activity with higher global
temperatures.
a. True
b. False

Solar System
                          Copernicus                          first came up with the idea of a
Heliocentric system.

The Moon
The diagrams show the positions of the Sun (A), Earth (B), and Moon (C).
Which diagram represents when a full moon would be observed from Earth?
a. 2nd diagram
 Planetary Motion
What shape does an Ellipse most resemble?
a. circle
b. triangle
c. oval
d. sphere

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Most dwarf planets are found in the Kuiper belt.
a. True
b. False

Space Exploration
The United States was the first country to send a human into space.
a. True
b. False

Inner Planets
Which one of the following is a terrestrial planet?
a. Saturn
b. Uranus
c. Mars
d. Jupiter

Inner Planets
Which planet is closest to Earth?
a. Mercury
b. Venus
c. Mars

The Moon
                  waxing                  means to grow larger.

The Moon
Draw the 8 phases of the Moon.
 a. Drawing should show new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter,
waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning
crescent

Solar System
The photographs show the planets Jupiter, Mars, and Saturn.

Jupiter Mars Saturn

Based on the photographs, which statement best compares the diameters of

the three planets?
a. The diameters of Jupiter, Mars, and Saturn are the same.
b. The diameters of Jupiter and Mars are the same and larger than
Saturn's diameter.
c. The diameters of Jupiter and Mars are the same and smaller than
Saturn's diameter.
d. The photographs do not show the planets to scale, so no conclusion
can be drawn about the planets' diameters.

Planetary Motion
                              is the force that keeps planets in orbit around the Sun.
a. Rotation
b. Gravity
c. Motion
d. Ozone

Solar System
All of of the planets in our solar system have moons except for Uranus.
 a. True
b. False

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

A heavenly body composed of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the
Sun, a "tail" of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun is a/an
comet                .

A small, rocky body orbiting the Sun is called a/an

asteroid                      .

Small body of matter from outer space that enters Earth's atmosphere and
briefly appears as a streak of light is called a/an                   meteor                  .

A natural or man-made object in orbit around Earth or another planet is

called a/an                         satellite                        .

Space Exploration
A                   rocket                  is a device that expels gas in one direction in order
to move in the opposite direction.

Planetary Motion
                                  Vernal Equinox                                  - 12 hours each of daylight and
sunlight. First day of spring. March 21

Saturn's rings are made up mostly of

a. volcanic dust particles
b. nitrogen and helium
c. chunks of ice and rock
d. ice and water vapor

Universe
What's the most common element in the universe?
a. Hydrogen
b. Oxygen

Planetary Motion
                      Rotation                      - spinning of a body, such as a planet on its axis.

The Moon
Describe the events that formed the Moon according to the collision theory.
a. When the Earth was very young, a large object struck the Earth.
Material from Earth's outer layer was broken off. The material from
the object and Earth were thrown into orbit. The materials in orbit
combined to form the moon.

Planetary Motion
An object is kept in orbit by                     inertia                    and
gravity                    .

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

A meteor that has landed on Earth's surface.
a. meteoroid
b. meteorite
c. asteroid
d. meteor

Outer Planets
This moon is known for its two-toned coloration and an equatorial ridge that
runs about half-way around it.
a. Iapetus
b. Triton
c. Europa
d. Enceladus

Universe
Which best classifies the Milky Way Galaxy?

a. E0
b. S0
c. Sa
d. SBc

Planetary Motion
                                      Autumnal Equinox                                      - sunlight shines equally
on both sides. First day of Fall, September 21

The Moon
                  Waning                  means to get smaller.

Planetary Motion
The                 umbra                is the darkest part of a shadow.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Meteoroids usually come from
a. solar winds
b. comets or asteroids
c. debris from other planets
d. beyond the solar system

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

A small chuck of rock or metal in space.
a. meteoroid
b. meteorite
c. asteroid
d. meteor

Universe
What galaxy shape is the Milky Way?
a. irregular
b. lenticular
c. barred spiral
d. elliptical

Planetary Motion
                    Equinox                    - sunlight shines equally on the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres.

The Moon
A harvest moon is the full moon that occurs nearest to the time of the
autumnal equinox.
a. True
b. False

Stars
Stars with an temperature of 5,200-6,000 Kelvin are which conventional
color?
a. Yellow
b. Orange
c. Pink
d. White

Sun
Our solar system contains:
a. One older, dimmer star, and one younger, brighter star
b. Three stars
c. Several stars spread across space
d. One average star
 Universe
Which is not a type of galaxy?
a. spiral
b. elliptical
c. regular
d. irregular

Sun
What stage of stellar evolution is the sun experiencing at this time?
a. giant
b. white dwarf
c. protostar
d. main-sequence

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Where is the asteroid belt located?
a. between Venus and Earth
b. between Earth and Mars
c. between Mars and Jupiter
d. between Jupiter and Saturn

Stars
Each element has its own pattern of spectral lines as seen through a
spectroscope.
a. True
b. False

Stars
What is a nebula?
a. a large cloud of gas and dust
b. red giant
c. red super giant
d. all the above

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Jupiter has at least 17 moons that astronomers know of. What are the 4
largest?
a. Io
b. Europa
c. Ganymede
d. Callisto
e. all of the above

Space Exploration
Isaac Newton created the first                           reflecting                          telescope.

Stars
The planetary nebula comes before the white dwarf in the sequence.
a. True
b. False

Sun
Sunspots usually last no longer than several hours.
a. True
b. False

Stars
Neutrinos travel at the speed of light.
a. True
b. False

Stars
All stars are made of                   plasma                  .

Stars
If a star is more massive, it is most likely to have
a. a longer life span than a less massive star
b. a shorter life span than a less massive star
c. a similar life span as a less massive star

Planetary Motion
Earth rotates on its axis from
 a. west to east.
b. east to west.
c. north to south.
d. south to north.

Universe
Evidence scientists use to support the Big Bang Theory
a. Dark Matter, Blue Shift
b. Cosmology, Red Shift
c. Parallax, Doppler Effect (Blue Shift)
d. Background Radiation, Doppler Effect (Red Shift)

Planetary Motion
Earth's axis is tilted with respect to Earth's orbit at an angle of
a. 90 degrees.
b. 45 degrees.
c. 23.5 degrees.
d. 5.5 degrees.

Space Exploration
Which of the following is not needed to make a world habitable?
a. correct temperature
b. water
c. volcanoes
d. correct atmosphere

Inner Planets
The largest shield volcano in our solar system is the
a. Olympus Mons, on planet Greece
b. Olympus Mons, on the planet Jupiter
c. Olympus Mons, on the planet Mars
d. Olympus Mons, on the planet Saturn

Inner Planets
                Venus                size is so much like Earth, people call it Earth's twin.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Name Saturn's largest moon.                 Titan               

Astronomy
A/an                           light year                          is the distance light travels in one
year, or about six trillion miles.

A/an                         telescope                        is an arrangement of lenses and mirrors

that gathers and magnifies visible light to aid in observing distant objects.

The apparent faster motion of objects closer to us when compared with the
apparent slower motion of objects farther away is called
parallax                      .

A/an                         astronaut                        person trained to travel in spacecraft.

Universe
A quasar is the brightest object in the universe.
a. True
b. False

Stars
Class           O          stars are not only the hottest, but also the brightest.

Solar System
Our solar system formed about
a. 13.7 Billion years ago
b. 4.5 Billion years ago
c. 100 Million years ago
d. 100 Billion years ago

Stars
Class           M          stars are usually red and the biggest of all the stars.

Planetary Motion
                                    Rotational Axis                                    - imaginary straight line that
runs from the North Pole to the South Pole.

Stars
The most massive stars become black holes.
a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
During the December solstice, the
a. Southern Hemisphere has winter.
b. Western Hemisphere has summer.
c. Southern Hemisphere has summer.
d. Northern Hemisphere has summer.

Stars
A pulsar is
a. a dead star
b. a new-born star
c. a rapidly spinning neutron star
d. a rapidly spinning white dwarf

Stars
The 2 forces that are responsible for the creation of the solar nebula are
a. Gravity, Pressure
b. Magnetic force, Weak force
c. Gravity, Strong force
d. Strong force, Magnetic force

Stars
A                         supernova                        is a huge explosion that breaks apart a
massive star.

Outer Planets
Like Earth's, the atmosphere on Titan is composed mainly of what?
a. oxygen
b. hydrogen
 c. nitrogen
d. methane

Stars
All of the following are shapes used to classify galaxies EXCEPT
a. elliptical
b. irregular
c. spiral
d. triangular

Universe
How many years ago did the universe begin?
a. 13.8 billion years ago

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall. Named for two sons of Ares and
Aphrodite. Greek for "fear" and "panic"; one orbits closer to the planet than
the other. One is the smallest moon in the solar system. Both are heavily
cratered, rich in carbon, and believed to have water ice.
a. Deimos and Phobos (Mars)

Stars
Most stars are members of groups of two or more stars called star systems.
a. True
b. False

Planetary Motion
Spring is the season between the vernal equinox and the summer solstice.
a. True
b. False

Sun
The Sun's internal structure is broken up into what three zones?
a. the core, the radiative zone, the convective zone
b. the core, the helium zone, the convective zone
c. the core, the radiative zone, the hydrogen zone
d. the core, the helium zone, the hydrogen zone
 Planetary Motion
Earth's orbit is                           elliptical                          which looks like an
oval              .

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

What are the parallel linear depressions in the South polar region on
Enceladus called?
a. plumes
b. cycloids
c. tiger stripes
d. thera macula

Space Exploration
What did Karl Jansky discover?
a. the planets move on an elliptical path
b. the Sun was the center of the universe
c. Earth rotated on a tilted axis, which caused the seasons
d. radio waves coming from space

Inner Planets
What is the main composition of the Martian polar ice cap?
a. water
b. ice
c. frozen carbon dioxide
d. methane

Inner Planets
Why is Mercury only really visible at sunrise or sunset?
a. Since its so close to the Sun, Mercury is hidden by the Sun's glare.
b. Mercury is hidden by Venus' path.
c. It is impossible to see through Earth's atmosphere because it is red.
d. It is the brightest object in the night sky

Inner Planets
Which one of the following objects is not volcanically active?
a. Earth
 b. Io
c. Enceladus
d. Mars

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Which is the closest dwarf planet to the Sun?
a. Ceres
b. Pluto
c. Eris
d. Makemake

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Discovered by Gerard Kuiper. It has the most eccentric orbit of any known
satellite. Names for the daughters of Nereus and Doris.
a. Nereid (Neptune)

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Which of the following is not considered to be a dwarf planet?
a. Ceres
b. Makemake
c. Haumea
d. Europa

Stars
The Sun is in the Main Sequence of the Hertzsprung Russell Diagram.
a. True
b. False

Space Exploration
What is the farthest man-made object in space?
a. Viking 1
b. Viking 2
c. Voyager 1
d. Voyager 2

Sun
The                                     convective zone                                    is a region where gases
circulates.

Stars
How can astronomers tell what elements a star is made of?
a. How old the star is
b. From the light they observe from the star
c. By the size of the star
d. How hot the star is

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Beneath its crust, Ceres' mantle is thought to be composed of 100
kilometers of what?
a. water ice
b. carbon dioxide
c. methane
d. soil

Space Exploration
The name of the spaceport located in Florida.
a. Kennedy Space Center

Outer Planets
This moon of Neptune is geologically active and has geyser-like eruptions of
invisible nitrogen gas and entrained dust from beneath the surface.
a. Proteus
b. Titan
c. Nereid
d. Triton

Sun
The                                   radiative zone                                  is a very dense region
about 300,000 km thick.

Stars
When a large star explodes, it mostly creates
a. other little stars
 b. comets
c. elements such as copper, lead, and Uranium and others
d. nebulas

Stars
                                  Nuclear fusion                                  is the process that produces
elements in stars.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

When can comets usually be seen from Earth?
a. When it passes near the sun and begins to turn ice to gas and
releases dust

Planetary Motion
What is the difference between a total solar eclipse, an annular solar eclipse,
and a partial solar eclipse?
a. A total eclipse is when the sun is completely blocked by the moon.
The corona is visible. An annular eclipse is when the moon passes
directly in front of the sun but is too small to block it out
completely. A partial eclipse is when the moon does not pass
directly in front of the sun and only blocks a portion of it.

Universe
The apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different
locations is called                              .
a. Paradigm
b. Paradise
c. Perigee
d. Parallax

The Moon
Explain why we don't have a solar and lunar eclipse each month?
a. the alignment of the moon and sun and right phase of the moon

Space Exploration
What space mission did not fly by the planet of Saturn?
a. Galileo
 b. Cassini
c. Voyager 1
d. Voyager 2

Space Exploration
A vehicle that takes humans into space is called a                                 space
shuttle                                .

Space Exploration
Telescope in space used to observe universe using X-Rays
a. Erwin Telescope
b. Darwin Telescope
c. Moon Telescope
d. Chandra Telescope

Space Exploration
The launching of Sputnik by the USSR began the                           space
race                          .

Solar System
The currently accepted theory for the origin and formation of the Solar
System is called the nebular hypothesis.
a. True
b. False

Inner Planets
The permafrost regions on Mars found by the Phoenix spacecraft show what
patterned shape?
a. hexagonal
b. polygon
c. round
d. square

Outer Planets
Of Jupiter's 4 largest moons, three of them have icy crusts. One of them is
covered in volcanoes - which one is it?
a. Io
 Space Exploration
                                  Space stations                                  provide us with improved
communication and weather forecasting.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Comets, asteroids, and meteorites are rocky bodies in the solar system. How
would the composition of these rocky bodies compare to the composition of
Earth?
a. rocky objects in the solar system formed as gas and dust particles
collided and stuck together. Some of these rocky objects, called
planetesimals, collided to form the cores of current planets, and
since all rocky objects have a similar origin, asteroids, comets,
meteoroids, and the Earth's core are likely to have similar
compositions.

Planetary Motion
Explain why we get the seasons of the year.
a. the tilt

Space Exploration
What are telescopes used for?
a. To see large objects far away

Inner Planets
Mercury is thought to be composed of approximately 30%
and approximately 70% of                                                                 .
a. rocky material/water
b. water/metallic material
c. rocky material/metallic material
d. water/gases

Stars
Why does the center of a collapsing nebula form a star?
a. High temperatures cause pressure to become so intense between
the crowded particles that atoms fuse and give off large amounts of
energy.
 Outer Planets
With an abundance of liquid methane, which moon has the ability to produce
rainbows?
a. Ganyemede
b. Triton
c. Titan
d. Ceres

Planetary Motion
During an                     equinox                    , the lengths of nighttime and daytime
are about the same.

Planetary Motion
If Mercury has a major axis of 0.78 AU and the distance between its foci is
0.156 AU, then what is the eccentricity of its orbit?             0.2           

Planetary Motion
According to Kepler's first law, the object being orbited is located where?
a. At one of the foci of the ellipse

Planetary Motion
What does Kepler's first law state?
a. That orbiting bodies follow an elliptical path

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

It is the only moon satellite to have a substantial atmosphere. It is made up
of a mix of nitrogen, methane, and argon.
a. Titan (Saturn)

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

The largest satellite in the solar system. It is thought to have a three-layer
structure of a molten iron core, silicate mantle, and ice exterior.
a. Ganymede (Jupiter)

Planetary Motion
A planet with a high eccentricity is one with an eccentricity close to what
number?           1         

Inner Planets
Describe the VAN ALLEN BELT.
a. Possible responses: Either of two layers of electrically charged
particles held in orbits above the atmosphere by the magnetic field
of the Earth. The belt is named after its discoverer, the twentieth-
century American physicist James Van Allen.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Primarily formed of silicate rock. The surface is dotted with active volcanoes,
calderas, and other signs of geological activity.
a. Io (Jupiter)

Planetary Motion
Kepler's third law can be expressed with the formula p2=a3p2=a3 , where P
is the period of revolution and a is the semi-major axis of an orbiting body.
For example Mars's period is 1.88 years, and its semi-major axis is 1.523
AU. Thus, 1.882=1.5233=3.531.882=1.5233=3.53 .
Calculate the dwarf planet, Makemake, period of revolution if the semi-major
axis is 45.79 AU.
a. a^3 =96008.99
p^2 = 309.85

Sun
The journey of energy from fusion in the core to emission at the surface can
take up to                               of years.
a. thousands
b. hundreds
c. millions
d. billions

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Discovered in 1610 by Galileo. It is coated in a thin layer of ice, which
causes it to be exceedingly smooth. The surface has a series of dark streaks
that may be due to geysers or volcanic eruptions.
 a. Europa (Jupiter)

Planetary Motion
Explain the difference between an ellipse and an eclipse.
a. An eclipse occurs when one celestial body blocks light from or to
another celestial body. An ellipse is an oval shape and the shape of
the paths the planets travel around the sun.

Space Exploration
VLA stands for                                       
a. Very Large Array
b. Very Large Alay
c. Very Large Antenna
d. Very Large Telescope

Planetary Motion
Based on Kepler's second law, what must happen to a planet during its
orbit?
a. It must increase its speed as it approaches the mass it is orbiting,
and decrease its speed as it gets further away.

Planetary Motion
State Kepler's second law in your own words:
a. An imaginary line connecting the sun to a planet sweeps out equal
areas in equal amounts of time.

Planetary Motion
Why is there one day added to the calendar year every four years?
a. The extra day keeps the calendar year in line with the seasonal
year.

Stars
Name the largest known star in our universe.
a. Check as new stars discovered - UY Scuti

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Named for the King of the Fairies in A Midsummer Night's Dream. Its surface
if about half water ice, half rock and is heavily cratered.
a. Oberon (Uranus)

Planetary Motion
What do we mean when we discuss the eccentricity of a planet?
a. How stretched out or circular its orbit is.

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Named for the mythical boatman of the Greek underworld. Discovered by
Jim Christy. It faces its planet at all times. The surface is believed to be
water ice.
a. Charon (Pluto)

Small Bodies and Dwarf Planets

Discovered by Herschel. Began as a liquid, then cooled surface first. Once ice
had formed, the interior freezing forced surface cracks which formed the
valleys.
a. Titania (Uranus)