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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII-Eastern Visayas
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – BILIRAN

SCIENCE
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
QUARTER 2 - WEEK 1
EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS

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 Lesson
EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS
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Learning Competency:
Using models or illustrations, explain how movements along faults
generate Earthquakes (S8ES-IIa-14)
*Differentiate active and inactive faults
(Science 8 Learner’s Module pp. 115 -125)

Hello there ! Have you seen like these in your

community? What do you think cause this?

Since the Philippines is located along the Ring of Fire, we do experience

Earthquakes. It is one of the most frightening things that anyone can ever
experience. No one can stop and predict earthquakes from happening. But
there are things that people can do to avoid or reduce loss of life and
damage to property. The first step is to have clear understanding of the
occurrence of earthquakes. Earthquakes are associated with faults. At the
end of this activity you should be able to explain how movements along faults
generate earthquakes with the use of models or illustrations. And so as the
saying goes, LIGTAS ANG MAY ALAM!

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 LET’S READ AND LEARN!

An Earthquake is an intense shaking of Earth’s surface. The shaking is

caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer. The shaking or trembling
caused by the sudden release of energy. It occurs when rocks along a fault
suddenly move. Energy from inside the Earth make the ground move. There is
no movement right away because of Friction. Friction held the rocks together.
Once the Friction is overcome, the ground will move and the Earthquake will
occur. Earthquakes are associated with faults. An Earthquake is caused by a
sudden slip on a fault. When a fault suddenly moves, an earthquake occurs.
Every time a FAULT slips or moves, the Earth quakes!

Figure 1. Do you see anything unusual? Can you spot the fault?

If you look at the picture carefully, you can guess that the road was
originally in one piece. But the road is no longer continuous. There is a cut
across the road and now there are two sections.

One section has moved with respect to the other. A FAULT is a break in
the Earth’s crust, and along the break, significant movement has taken place.
Fault is formed because of the movement of the tectonic plates provides the
stress, and rocks at the surface break in response to this.
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 Drawing A shows how the rocks look at first. Then energy from inside the
Earth makes the rocks bend (Drawing B). But the rocks along the fault do not
move immediately. Friction keeps them in place.

When too much bending occurs and the limit is reached, the rocks suddenly
snap (Drawing C). The bent rocks straighten out and vibrate. The vibrations
travel in all directions and people in different places will feel them as a quake.
An earthquake is a vibration of the Earth due to rapid release of energy.

Figure 2. Drawing A shows the ground before bending. In Drawing B, the

ground is bending, storing energy. In Drawing C, the bending limit is reached,
and the ground has snapped.

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3 TYPES OF FAULT

tension 1.Normal Fault – form as a

result of tension. The rock
layers in the Earth’s crust are
pulled apart, and gravity
causes one section to move
downward in relation to the
other.

compression 2.Reverse or Thrust Fault –

forms as a result of
compression. The rock
layers in the earth’s crust are
squeezed together, and the
force pushes one section
upward in relation to the
other.

3. Strike-Slip Fault – forms

when the rock layers on
shearing opposite sides of a fault
slides pass each other
horizontally. This type of fault
is sometimes called as tear,
wrench or transcurrent fault.

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Active and Inactive Faults

Fault is a fracture in the Earth’s crust where one side moves relative to
the other. There are two types of fault, the active and inactive fault. Active
faults are structure along which we expect displacement to occur, shallow
earthquakes occur on active faults. An active fault is a fault that is likely to
become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists
commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed
or evidence of seismic activity during last 10,000 years. Active faulting is
considered to be a geologic hazard - one related to earthquakes as a cause.
Effects of movement on an active fault include strong ground motion, surface
faulting, tectonic deformation, landslides and rockfalls, liquefaction, tsunamis,
and seiches.

Inactive faults are structures that we can identify, but we which do not
have earthquakes.

Comparison between Active and Inactive Faults

Basis of Comparison Active Fault Inactive Fault

No. of earthquakes 1 or more O or none

produced
Records of Activity With seismic activities Without any seismic
(specify time element) during the last 10,000 activity for millions of
years years
Location where it In tectonic plate In the crust, mostly
tends to occur boundaries confined in the lower
sediments only.

Do you live near an active fault line?

Obviously, it is important to know the location of active fault. As far as
possible, no important structures should be built near or on them. PHIVOLCS
has a map that shows the active faults in the Philippines.

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Map of active faults in the Philippines

Figure 2. Map of Active Faults in Philippines

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LET’S EXPLORE!

Activity1. A Fault-y Set Up (Demo/Video Presentation)

Materials

 Cellphone/Video Recorder
 Two sheets of cardboard or folder
 Newspaper or plastic sheet as wide as newspaper page
 Fine sand
 Ruler

Procedure

1. Prepare all the materials needed. Make a video of yourself while doing
the entire activity.

2. Spread the newspaper on a table. Do the activity on the newspaper.

3. Arrange the two sheets of

cardboard edge to edge.
(Figure 1). Cardboard sheets
placed side by side.

4. Pour sand along the boundary of

the two sheets (Figure 2).

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 5. With the ruler, flatten the top of
the sand and make two parallel
lines. (Figure 3)

6. Now, move the sheets slowly in the direction shown below. (Figure 4)

Answer the Questions:

1. As you move the sheets, what is formed in the sand?

2. What happened to the lines?
3. The cracks and breakages on the sand, what do you think they
represent?
4. What type of fault line is formed along the boundary?
5. How does a fault form?

*Send your picture/video presentation to your teacher through Messenger/

WhatsApp/ Facebook

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 ACTIVITY 2: Is all about Active
and inactive fault. Our
objectives are to differentiate
active fault and inactive fault,
and identify places with active
faults.

Whose Fault Is It?

A. Using the Map of Active Faults in Philippines. Name at least 5 places

with active Fault line.
1.___________
2.___________
3.___________
4.___________
5.__________

B. Differentiate active from inactive fault.

Active fault Inactive Fault

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Activity 3. Stick ‘n’ Shake (Demo/Video Presentation)
(Simulate how rocks bend along a fault)

Materials
*Two plastic rulers *a bit of clay *Cellphone/Video recorder
Procedure
1. Make a picture/video of yourself while doing the entire activity.
2. Using the clay, attach the ruler’s ends together.
(Figure 1. shows close-up photos of side and top views of the set up.)

Figure 1

3. Hold the rulers as shown in the picture below. Then slowly, move your
hands in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 2. Right hand pushes (arrow up) while left hand pulls (arrow down)

Questions.
1. What happened when the bending is just easy and slowly?
2. What happened when bending becomes too much?
3. What is stored in the bent rulers?
4. What is the effect of bending of rocks along faults?
5. How does fault movements and earthquakes related?

*Send your picture/video presentation to your teacher through Messenger/

WhatsApp/ Facebook

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WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Direction: Using models or illustrations explain how

movements along faults generate Earthquakes by answering
the following questions.

1. What is a Fault?
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What makes the rocks bend?

_____________________________________________________________________

3. Do rocks along the fault do move immediately? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What happens when a fault suddenly slips or moves?

_____________________________________________________________________

5. What are the three types of fault movement?

_____________________________________________________________________

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 PARALLEL TEST

I. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer using the

models/illustration.

A. B. C.
______1. The rock layers in the Earth’s crust are pulled apart, and gravity
causes one section to move downward in relation to the other.
______2. The rock layers in the earth’s crust are squeezed together, and the
force pushes one section upward in relation to the other.
______3. Fault movement where rock layers on opposite sides of a fault slides
pass each other horizontally.
______4. This type of fault is sometimes called as tear, wrench or transcurrent
fault.
______5. Fault movement where rock layers on opposite sides of a fault slides
pass each other horizontally.

II. Direction: Differentiate active and inactive faults. Write (A) if the
statement is about Active Faults and (I) for Inactive faults.
______1. Faults that with seismic activities during the last 10,000 years.

______2. Faults that without any seismic activity for millions of years.

______3. Structures that we can identify, but we which do not have

earthquakes.
______4. It tends to occur in tectonic plate boundaries.
______5. It tends to occur in the crust, mostly confined in the lower sediments
only.

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ANSWERS KEY

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 VI. REFERENCES

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)

Earthquakes & Faults Module 1: Enhanced Science Grade 8. slideshare.net.
Jimnaira Abanto
http://filipiknow.net>earthquak e
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov
e-education.psu.edu

LAS Developer:
JOAN M. KILAT
TII / BILIRAN NAHS

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