ميكانيك هندسي 1
ميكانيك هندسي 1
ميكانيك هندسي 1
Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies that are
subjected to the action of forces.
In general, this subject can be subdivided into three branches: rigid-body mechanics, deformable-body mechanics, and
fluid mechanics Rigid-body mechanics is divided into two areas: statics and dynamics.
Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies, that is, those that are either at rest or move with a constant velocity;
whereas dynamics is concerned with the accelerated motion of bodies. We can consider statics as a special
case of dynamics, in which the acceleration is zero.
Basic Quantities. The following four quantities are used throughout mechanics.
Length. Length is used to locate the position of a point in space and thereby describe the size of a physical system.
Time. Time is conceived as a succession of events. Although the principles of statics are time independent, this quantity
plays an important role in the study of dynamics.
Mass. Mass is a measure of a quantity of matter that is used to compare the action of one body with that of another. This
property manifests itself as a gravitational attraction between two bodies and provides a measure of the resistance of matter
to a change in velocity.
1
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
2
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
Force. In general, force is considered as a “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on another. This interaction can occur when
there is direct contact between the bodies, such as a person pushing on a wall, or it can occur through a distance when the
bodies are physically separated.
Examples of the latter type include gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces. In any case, a force is completely
characterized by its magnitude, direction, and point of application.
Particle. A particle has a mass, but a size that can be neglected. For example, the size of the earth is insignificant compared
to the size of its orbit, and therefore the earth can be modeled as a particle when studying its orbital motion.
Rigid Body. A rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large number of particles in which all the particles remain
at a fixed distance from one another, both before and after applying a load.
Concentrated Force. A concentrated force represents the effect of a loading which is assumed to act at a point on a
body. We can represent a load by a concentrated force, provided the area over which the load is applied is very small
compared to the overall size of the body
3
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
Third Law. The mutual forces of action and reaction between two particles are equal,
opposite, and collinear, Fig. 1–1c.
4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
5
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
By comparison with F = ma, we can see that g is the acceleration due to gravity. Since it depends on r, then the
weight of a body is not an absolute quantity. 6
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
7
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
8
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
9
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
10
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
11
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
12
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
13
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
Homework
14
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
15
ENGINEERING MECHANICS Statics Fourteenth Edition
Chapter 1 General Principles
16
17