Applied Mechanics

Applied Mechanics BCE I/II
Er. Tek Bahadur Katuwal

Chapter 1 : Introductions
Syllabus:
• 1.1 Definitions and scope of Applied Mechanics
• 1.2 Concept of Rigid Body and Deformed Bodies
• 1.3 Fundamental Concepts and Principles of mechanics :
Newtonian Mechanics
Mechanics:
It is defined as that science which describes and predicts the
conditions of rest or motion of bodies under the actions of forces.
Mechanics is divided into three parts:
1. Engineering Mechanics ( Newtonian Mechanics
2. Relativistic Mechanics
3. Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 1 : Cont…
Mechanics
Newtonian
Mechanics(Engineering Relativistic Mechanics Quantum
Mechanics) Mechanics
Mechanics of Mechanics of
Mechanics of fluids
Rigid Bodies Deformable Bodies
Statics Dynamics
Compressible Fluid Incompressible
Fluid
Kinematics Kinetics
Chapter 1 : Cont…
1. Engineering Mechanics: It is a basic subject which describes and predicts
the effects of forces on the basis of laws and principles of Mechanics. It is
further subdivided into statics and dynamics.
(A) Mechanics of Rigid body: A body is said to be rigid if it does not deform
or change its shape when subjected to forces or more clearly in rigid bodies
distance between two particles remain fixed and unchanged when
subjected to a system of forces. Mechanics of rigid body is the science which
describe and predicts about the condition of rigid body.
(a) Statics: It is the branch of Mechanics of rigid body, which deals with the
distribution of forces and their effects, while acting upon the bodies at rest.
In general statics deals the equilibrium of stationary bodies as well as
moving at constant velocity under the action of various kinds of forces. In
this part, our study of statics include only the equilibrium condition of
stationary bodies.
(b) Dynamics: It is the branch of mechanics of rigid body, which deals with
the distribution of forces and their effects, while acting upon the bodies is in
motion. Dynamics is further divided into Kinematics and Kinetics.
Chapter 1 : Cont…
(I) Kinematics: It is the branch of dynamics, which concerned with the
description of motion of bodies without any reference to the forces which
are responsible for the motion. It concerned with the position, velocity and
acceleration of moving bodies as function of time.
(II) Kinetics: It is the branch of dynamics, which concerned with the
description of motion of bodies due to the application of forces which are
responsible for the motion. In kinetics, both the motion and its causes are
considered. Newton’s second law of motion is widely used.
(B) Mechanics of Deformable bodies: A body is said to be deformable body
if it deforms or change its shape and size when subjected to forces.
Mechanics of deformable body is the science which describe and predicts
about the condition of deformable or elastic body.
(C) Mechanics of Fluids: It is the science of the mechanics of liquids and
gases, and is bases on the same fundamental principles that are employed
in the mechanics of solids. Mechanics of fluid is further divided into, fluid
statics (Hydrostatic) and fluid dynamics (Hydro dynamics).
(I) Hydrostatics: Hydrostatics is the study of fluid behaviors in which there
is no relative motion between fluids elements. With no relative motion
between individual elements and hence no velocity gradients and
shear stresses.
Chapter 1 : Cont…
(II) Hydro Dynamics: The mechanics which deals with Dynamic behavior of
water is known as hydrodynamics. Fluid dynamics is concerned with the
relations between velocities and accelerations and the forces exerted by or
upon fluid motions.
2.Relativistic Mechanics: Relativistic mechanics, science concerned with the
motion of bodies whose relative velocities close to the speed of light (C) or
whose kinetic energies are comparable with the product of their masses
(m) and the square of the velocity of light, or mc2. Such bodies are said to be
relativistic, and when their motion is studied, it is necessary to take into
account Einstein’s special theory of relativity. As long as gravitational effects
can be ignored, which is true so long as gravitational potential energy
differences are small compared with mc2, the effects of Einstein’s general
theory of relativity may be safely ignored.
3. Quantum Mechanics: It is the branch of mechanics, which deals with the
condition involving extremely small mass and size i.e. atomic distances.
Important applications of quantum mechanical theory
include superconducting magnets, light-emitting diodes and the laser, the
transistor and semiconductors such as the microprocessor, medical and
research imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and electron
microscopy, and explanations for many biological and physical phenomena.
Chapter 1 : Cont…
• Scope of Applied Mechanics:
• 1) A systematic study of different laws and principles of mechanics along
with their applications to engineering problems is known as ‘Applied
Mechanics’, Which describes the response of bodies (solids and fluids) or
systems of bodies to external forces. Applied mechanics, as its name
suggests, bridges the gap between physical theory and its application to
technology.
• 2) Some examples of mechanical systems include the flow of a liquid
under pressure, the fracture of a solid from an applied force, or the
vibration of an ear in response to sound. It is essential to study the laws
and principles of mechanics for performing the given task successfully
and skillfully. Now days applied mechanics is useful in formulating new
ideas and theories, discovering and interpreting phenomena, and
developing experimental and computational tools.
• 3) The knowledge of applied mechanics is important for an engineer in
planning, designing and construction of various types of structure and
mechanical components and electrical devices. In order to take up his job
skillfully, an Engineer must have throughout knowledge of Applied
Mechanics in a most systematic and scientific manner.
Chapter 1 : Cont…
• Scope ……
• 4) The advances and research in Applied Mechanics has wide application
in many fields of study. Some of the specialties that put the subject into
practice are Engineering, Mechanical, Construction
Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Aerospace
Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Nuclear
Engineering, Structural engineering and Bioengineering.
Chapter 1 : Cont…
• 1.3 Fundamental Concepts and Principles of mechanics : Newtonian
Mechanics
Chapter 1 : Cont…
• 1.3 Principles of mechanics : Newtonian….
Chapter 1 : Cont…
Chapter 1 : Cont…
THANK YOU

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Applied Mechanics BCE I/II

Er. Tek Bahadur Katuwal

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