March 27, 2019 Lab 04 – Class Variables and Data Hiding.

Student Name: Roll No: Section:

Lab Series No. 04.

Lab 04 –Class Variables and Data Hiding.

Lab Objectives:

1. Class and Instance Variables

2. Data Hiding
3. Self Parameter
4. Modification to attributes inside the class
1. Class and Instance Variables
In Python, instance variables are variables whose value is assigned inside a constructor or method with
self. Class variables are variables whose value is assigned in class.

Program 1: Write a Python program to create variable inside the class with string value and
accessing it.

Code:
# Python program to show that the variables with a value assigned in
class declaration, are class variables and variables inside methods
and constructors are instance variables.

# Class for Computer Science Student

class CSStudent:

# Class Variable
trade = 'Computer Science Software Engineering'

# The init method or constructor

def init (self, roll):

# Instance Variable
self.roll = roll

# Objects of CSStudent class

Faisal = CSStudent(315)
Farhan = CSStudent(316)

print(Faisal.trade)
print(Faisal.roll)
print(Faisal.trade)
print(Farhan.roll)

Prepared By CS-121 | Object Oriented 1

Programming
 March 27, 2019 Lab 04 – Class Variables and Data Hiding.

Student Name: Roll No: Section:

# Class variables can be accessed using class name also

print(CSStudent.trade)

Program 2: Write a Python program to create instance variable inside method and accessing it.

Code:
# Python program to show that the variables with a value assigned in
class declaration, are class variables and variables inside methods
and constructors are instance variables.

# Class for Computer Science Student

class CSStudent:

# Class Variable
trade1 = 'Computer Science'
trade2 = 'Software Engineering'

# The init method or constructor

def init (self, roll):

# Instance Variable
self.roll = roll

# Adds an instance variable

def setAddress(self, address):
self.address = address

# Retrieves instance variable

def getAddress(self):
return self.address

# Objects of CSStudent class

Faisal = CSStudent(315)
Faisal.setAddress("Gulistan e Johar")
print(Faisal.getAddress())

2. Data Hiding
In Python, we use double underscore (Or ) before the attributes name and those attributes will
not be directly visible outside.

Prepared By CS-121 | Object Oriented 2

Programming
 March 27, 2019 Lab 04 – Class Variables and Data Hiding.

Student Name: Roll No: Section:

Program 3: Write a Python program which can create a hidden variable inside the class. Then try to
access it.

Code:

class MyClass:

# Hidden member of MyClass

hiddenVariable = 0

# A member method that changes

# hiddenVariable
def add(self, increment):
self. hiddenVariable += increment
print (self. hiddenVariable)

# Executing the Code

myObject = MyClass()
myObject.add(2)
myObject.add(5)

# This line causes error

print (myObject. hiddenVariable)

Program 4: Write a Python program which can create a hidden variable inside the class. Then try to
access it by using tricky method.

Code:

# A Python program to demonstrate that hidden

# members can be accessed outside a class
class MyClass:

# Hidden member of MyClass

hiddenVariable = 10

# Executing code
myObject = MyClass()
print(myObject._MyClass hiddenVariable)

Prepared By CS-121 | Object Oriented 3

Programming
 March 27, 2019 Lab 04 – Class Variables and Data Hiding.

Student Name: Roll No: Section:

4. The Self Parameter
The self-parameter is a reference to the current instance of the class, and is used to access
variables that belongs to the class.

It does not have to be named self, you can call it whatever you like, but it has to be the first
parameter of any function in the class:

Program 5: Write a Python program which use other than self keyword for reference .

Code:
class Person:
def init (a, name, age, salary, profession):
a.name = name
a.age = age
a.salary = salary
a.profession = profession

def mydetail(a):
print("Assalam o Alekum, my name is " + a.name +", my age is
:" + str(a.age) +". Now a days earning :"+ str(a.salary) + ", its
really lovely to be a " + a.profession )

person1 = Person("Syed Faisal Ali", 44, 1234567, "Research

Scientist")
person1.mydetail()

Program 6: Write a Python program which can modify the attributes inside the class.

Code:
class Person:
def init (a, name, age, salary, profession):
a.name = name
a.age = age
a.salary = salary
a.profession = profession

def mydetail(a):
print("Assalam o Alekum, my name is " + a.name +", my age is
:" + str(a.age) +". Now a days earning :"+ str(a.salary) + ", its
really lovely to be a " + a.profession )

person1 = Person("Syed Faisal Ali", 42, 1234567, "Research

Scientist")
person1.mydetail()

Prepared By CS-121 | Object Oriented 4

Programming
 March 27, 2019 Lab 04 – Class Variables and Data Hiding.

Student Name: Roll No: Section:

print("Need to modify the age and salary inside the class")

person1.age = 44
person1.salary = 7654321
person1.mydetail()

Program 7: Write a Python program which uses the child class to call its own method and then parent
class method.

Code:

class Parent: # define parent class

parentAttr = 100
def init (self):
print ("Calling parent constructor")

def parentMethod(self):
print ('Calling parent method')

def setAttr(self, attr):

Parent.parentAttr = attr

def getAttr(self):
print ("Parent attribute :", Parent.parentAttr)

class Child(Parent): # define child class

def init (self):
print ("Calling child constructor")

def childMethod(self):
print ('Calling child method')

c1 = Child() # instance of child

c1.childMethod() # child calls its method
c1.parentMethod() # calls parent's method
c1.setAttr(200) # again call parent's method
c1.getAttr() # again call parent's method

Prepared By CS-121 | Object Oriented 5

Programming
 March 27, 2019 Lab 04 – Class Variables and Data Hiding.

Student Name: Roll No: Section:

Programming Exercise

Task1: Define what you understand by the classes, objects and functionalities for the following
scenarios.
Task 2: Make a class for insurance which can have multiple insurance policies. Design its UML and
Case diagram before coding. Later modify the attributes in child classes.
Task 3: Create a bike class and its components in light with the concept of Object Oriented. Later
create multiple bikes with different attributes based on customer requirements.

Task 7: You are working in Galaxy Computer as Programmer. The main business is selling computer,
laptops its accessories, used computer etc. Details can be find from https://galaxy.pk/. Your task is
to analyze the website, define which classes will be require and create the complete program which
can take user name and its requirements then give the total amount of computer/ laptop or accessories.

Prepared By CS-121 | Object Oriented 6

Programming