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Q1 Which of the following is the test to the the amount of organic matter present in soils.
a) Biological Oxygen Demand

b) Chemical Oxygen Demand
c) Botanical Oxygen Demand
d) Physical Oxygen Demand
Explanation: BOD measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms for
the process of decomposition of the organic matters in the water bodies.
 It indicates the amount of organic pollution present in an aquatic ecosystem.
 BOD is calculated in sewage treatment or wastewater treatment to find the destruction of
organic wastes by aerobic microbes
 It determines the amount of organic matter present in soils, sewages, sediment, garbage,
sludge, etc.
 The biochemical oxygen demand also determines the rate of respiration in living beings.
 BOD is also used in the medicinal & pharmaceutical industries to test the oxygen
consumption of cell cultures
Q2. Which one of the following best describes the term xerarch succession.
(a) Succession that occure in wetter areas and the successional series progresses
(b) Succession that occurs on dry land where moisture content is low
(c) Succession that occure in biotic components of an ecosystem
(d) Succession that brought about by living inhabitants of that community itself
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect:Hydrarch succession – When succession starts on the aquatic
habitat where water is plenty and progresses from hydric to mesic conditions or wetter conditions
Autogenic Succession: After biotic succession has begun, the existing vegetation is held responsible
for its own replacement by the new communities by changing the existing environmental condition.
This succession is known as autogenic succession.
Statement 2 is correct:Xerarch succession – When succession takes place in dry areas like a rock
(lithosere), sand (psammosere) and saline conditions (halosere).
Statement 3 is incorrect:Autogenic Succession: After biotic succession has begun, the
existing vegetation is held responsible for its own replacement by the new communities by changing
the existing environmental condition. This succession is known as autogenic succession.
Statement 4 is incorrect:
Q3.. Consider the following statement

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Methane
3. Volatile organic compound
4. Sulphur dioxide
Which of the above are released into the atmosphere due to the burning of
crop/biomass residue?
a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:D
All the statement are correct:
Burning of crop residues is a common approach to eliminate
waste after harvesting all over the world. Burning of these
residues emit gases like sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of
nitrogen (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide
(CO), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), methane
(CH4), volatile organic compounds (VOC), non-methane
hydrocarbons (NMHCs), ozone (O3), and aerosols etc which
affect the global atmospheric chemistry and climate.
X factor:Crop residues / biomass burning not only influence
the atmospheric air quality including climate, it also affects
the human health
Q4.Consider the following statements with respect to Carbon Cycle
1. Carbon from the atmosphere is taken up by the green plants by

photosynthesis and then to animals by the food chain
2. Most carbon on earth is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest
is located in the ocean.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation:A
Statement 1 is correct: Carbon from the atmosphere is taken up

by the green plants by photosynthesis and then to animals by
the food chain.
 By respiration and decomposition of dead organic matter, it
returns to the atmosphere.
 It is a short-term cycle.
 Some carbon also enters a long term cycle
Statement 2 is incorrect:Most carbon on earth is stored in rocks
and sediments, while the rest is located in the ocean,
atmosphere, and living organisms. These are the reservoirs, or
sinks, through which the carbon cycles.
Q5.Consider the following differences between in situ and ex

situ conservation
1. In situ conservation is an on-site conservation and ex situ
conservation is an off-site conservation.
2. In situ involve man-made habitats whereas ex situ involve natural
habitats.
3. In situ Can be done for Wildlife and livestock conservation and ex
situ Can be done to conserve crops and their wild relatives.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:C
In-situ Conservation Ex-Situ Conservation
This is an on-site This is an off-site

conservation. conservation.
It involves the natural It involves the man-

habitats of organisms made habitats.
It is appropriate for It is appropriate for

animals found animals which are not
abundantly. found abundantly.
It is not suitable in It is the best option in

case of rapid decline in case of rapid decline in
the number of a the number of a
species, due to any species, due to any
factor. factor.
Can be done for Can be done to

Wildlife and livestock conserve crops and
conservation. their wild relatives.
Q6.The Global Coalition for Biodiversity is an initiative of
(a) The European Commission
(b) United Nations Environment Programme
(c) The International Union for Conservation of nature
(d) G20 countries
Explanation: The European Commission (EC) launched 'The Global coalition for
biodiversity' on World Wildlife Day 2020. The Coalition is made up of zoos,
aquariums, botanical gardens, national parks, and natural history and science
museums from around the world.
The coalition provides the opportunity to national parks, aquariums, botanic gardens,
zoos, science and natural history museums to raise public awareness about the
dramatic effects of the biodiversity crisis with their collections, education and
conservation programmes,
The Commission also encourages national, regional and local authorities, non-
governmental organisations, businesses, scientists and individual citizens to play
their part in raising awareness ahead of the United Nations Biodiversity Summit

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Q1 Which of the following is the test to the the amount of organic matter present in soils.

a) Biological Oxygen Demand

Q3.. Consider the following statement

1. Carbon from the atmosphere is taken up by the green plants by

Statement 1 is correct: Carbon from the atmosphere is taken up

Q5.Consider the following differences between in situ and ex

This is an on-site This is an off-site

It involves the natural It involves the man-

It is appropriate for It is appropriate for

It is not suitable in It is the best option in

Can be done for Can be done to

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