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भारतीय मानक IS 2431 : 2022

ISO 48-4 : 2018
Indian Standard [Superseding IS 3400 (Part 23/Sec 1) : 2018]

इस्पात के एक पहिया ठे ले की हिहिहि

(एकल-पहिया प्रकार)
( पहला पुनरीक्षण )

Specification for Steel Wheelbarrows

(Single-Wheel Type)
( First Revision )

ICS 53.040

 BIS 2022

भारतीय मानक ब्यूरो

BURE AU OF I NDI AN ST ANDARDS
मानक भवन, 9 बहादु र शाह ज़फर मार्ग , नई ददल्ली - 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI - 110 002
www.bis.gov.in www.standardsbis.in

October 2022 Price Group 6

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Earth Moving Equipment and Material Handling Sectional Committee, MED 07

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the
draft finalized by the Earth Moving Equipment and Material Handling Sectional Committee
had been approved by the Mechanical Engineering Division Council.

This version of IS will supersede the earlier version IS 2431 : 1963.

Wheelbarrow is the basic equipment put to common use for transporting materials at any
construction job. It should be of robust construction to give satisfactory service over a long
period and the design of its shape and size should ensure smooth running and ease of
handling.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in
Annex B.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied
with, the final value, observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be
rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 2022 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (second
revision)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded-off value should be the
same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 2431 : 2022

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL WHEELBARROWS (SINGLE-WHEEL
TYPE)
( First Revision )

1 SCOPE 4.2.2 Rivet bars shall conform to IS 1148.

1.1 This standard lays down requirements 4.3 Steel Tubes
for dimensions, materials, construction and
finish of steel wheelbarrows of the single- Steel tubes, if they are to be drilled, shall
wheel type suitable for use on the building be medium tubes conforming to IS 1239
and civil engineering works. (Part 1) and IS 1239 (Part 2). If they are
not to be drilled, light tubes complying
2 REFERENCES with IS 3239 may be used.
The standards listed in Annex A contain 4.4 Grey Iron Castings
provisions, which, through reference in
this text, constitute provisions of this Grey iron castings shall conform to IS 210.
standard. At the time of publication, the
5 CAPACITY
editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and 5.1 The wheelbarrows shall be of the
parties to agreements based on this following nominal capacities:
standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent a) 60 liters
editions of the standards indicated in
Annex A. b) 85 liters

3 TERMINOLOGY 5.1.1 These nominal capacitors shall be

based on the capacity of wheelbarrow
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the filled with sand which is slightly heaped.
following definitions shall apply.
5.2 The wheelbarrow shall withstand a
3.2 Body — Body of the wheelbarrow proof load of 200 kg for 60 l capacity and
consists of the tray or bin only. 300 kg for 85 l capacity without any
permanent deformation of the members.
3.3 Chassis — The structural frame which
supports the body, comprising all the parts 6 BODY
of the wheelbarrow except the body, wheel
and axle. 6.1 Construction

4 MATERIALS The body shall be either cut and folded

from a single sheet of steel, the joints
4.1 Steel Sheet being secured by riveting or welding, or it
may be solid-drawn pressing from single
Steel sheets shall be not less than 160 mm sheet. If joints are secured by riveting, the
in thickness, and shall conform to IS 1079. rivets shall be of diameter not less than 6
mm and shall be placed at a spacing of not
4.2 Steel Sections, Bus and Rivets more than 10 cm.
4.2.1 Steel sections and bars shall conform
to relevant Indian standard.

1
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IS 2431 : 2022

6.1.1 The body shall have top edge section similar to that used for the frame,
reinforced by one of the following bent to form a bow and welded to the main
methods: frame.
a) The edge rolled over a steel rod of 7.4 The frame shall be reinforced with a
not less than 8 mm diameter in mild steel bar not less than 30 mm X 5 mm
order to form a bead and to retain in cross-section which shall be arranged to
the rod; and span between the chassis frame at the
handle end of the body, with its ends
b) A mild steel band not less than 20 closely formed round the frame. Each leg
mm X 5 mm in cross-section shall be braced by a mild steel bar not less
closely riveted or welded to the than 30 mm X 6 mm in cross-section,
outside of top edges. If riveted, the closely formed round the bottom of the leg
rivets shall be of diameter not less arid arranged to provide an intermediate
than 6 mm and shall be placed at support for the body. Two front braces of
each end of the strip and at not less than 25 mm X 6 mm in cross-
intermediate points not more than section shall be fixed between the wheel
15 cm apart. end of the body and the chassis frame. If
the leg bracing is of ‘X’ type then 25 mm
6.1.2 The body shall be fixed to the chassis
X 6 mm strip may be substituted.
by welding or with black mild steel bolts
with cup heads, round necks and square or 7.5 The underside of the handle ends shall
hexagonal nuts, the bolt being of not less be not less than 50 cm and the top edge of
than 8 mm diameter. the body not more than 60 cm above the
ground level when the legs are resting on
6.2 Spare Bodies
the ground.
Spare bodies shall be supplied without
7.6 The overall width of the handles shall
fixing holes unless otherwise ordered.
be not less than 53 cm and not greater than
7 CHASSIS 55 cm. The ends of the handles shall be
provided with firm, comfortable and non-
7.1 The design and dimensions of the slip grips.
frame shall be such that the distance
between the centre of the axle and the 7.7 A typical design of the wheelbarrow,
nearest point of the body does not exceed single-wheel type is given in Fig. 1.
23 cm, and the distance from the centre of
8 WHEEL
the axle to the end of the handles is not
less than 120 cm and not greater than 135 8.1 The wheel shall be constructed of mild
cm. steel or cast iron and shall be of disk type
or any other suitable design to ensure
7.2 The chassis frame shall consist either
adequate strength. It shall be fitted with
of a single length of tube of 25 mm
metal rim, or solid or cushioned rubber
nominal bore, or any other suitable steel
tyre.
section, such as flat of size 30 mm × 6 mm
or angle or channel section of equivalent 8.2 The diameter of the wheel shall be not
strength, suitably bent to form a support less than 300 mm and the nominal width
for the wheel and the body. of the tyre shall be not less than 50 mm.
7.3 The legs of the chassis shall be formed 9 AXLE
as part of the tube or other steel section
used for the construction of frame or shall 9.1 The axle shall be either fixed to the
consist of separate length of tube or steel chassis frame, in which case the bearing

2
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IS 2431 : 2022

shall be located incise the wheel hub length shall be not less than 25 mm each
which will revolve over the axle; or the end. The journal portion of the axle shall
axle shall revolve between the bearings, be machined to appropriate tolerances and
there being no relative motion between the allowance, and the surface finished to
axle and the wheel and each bearing being ensure uniform bearing contact. The
secured to the chassis frame by two bolts material for axle shall conform to relevant
of not less than 8 mm diameter. In the later Indian Standard, if bronze bearing bushes
case, the bearings shall be so designed that are used, and to appropriate grade of
the axle cannot be removed from them wrought steel, as per IS 1570 (Part 1), if
without first dismantling the bearings. cast iron bearings are used (see 10.1).
9.2 The axle or spindle shall be not less
than 25 mm in diameter and the bearing

FIG. 1 TYPICAL SKETCH OF WHEELBARROW (SINGLE-WHEEL TYPE)

3
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IS 2431 : 2022

10 BEARINGS conforming to IS 158, for general

purposes.
10.1 The bearing shall be so designed that
there is no side play in axle movement or 11.2 When so specified by the purchaser
movement of the wheel. The bearings shall the metal parts may have galvanized or
consist of grey iron castings or pressings, any other finish. The galvanizing shall
or bronze bearing bushes or any other comply with the requirements of the
suitable bearings of equivalent properties. appropriate Indian Standards.

10.2 The internal diameter of bore of the 12 MARKING

bearing shall be such that the clearance
between bearing and the axle is not more 12.1 Each wheelbarrow shall be marked
than 0.5 mm. with the name of manufacturer or his
trade-mark, capacity, unladen weight of
10.3 The bearing walls shall be of the wheelbarrow and the year of
adequate thickness preferably not less than manufacture.
5 mm to avoid premature wear and giving
way of bearing under load. 12.1.1 BIS Certification Marking
The product(s) conforming to the
10.4 Adequate arrangements shall be
requirements of this standard may be
provided to facilitate proper lubrication of
certified as per the conformity assessment
bearings. schemes under the provisions of the
11 FINISH Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 and
the Rules and Regulations framed
11.1 The metal parts shall be finished with thereunder, and the products may be
two coats or black bituminous paint marked with the Standard Mark.

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IS 2431 : 2022

ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title

158 : 2015 Ready mixed paint, brushing, bituminous, black, acid, alkali and heat
resisting — Specification (fourth revision)

210 : 2009 Grey iron castings — Specification (first revision)

1148 : 2009 Steel rivet bars (medium and high tensile) — For structural purposes
— For structural purposes

1239 (Part 1) : 2004 Steel tubes, tubulars and other wrought steel fittings — Specification:
Part 1 steel tubes (sixth revision)

1239 (Part 2) : 2011 Steel tubes, tubulars and other steel fittings — Specification: Part 2
steel pipe fittings (fifth revision)

1079 : 2017 Hot rolled carbon steel sheet, plate and strip — Specification (seventh
revision)

3239 : 1994 Die stock for circular screwing dies — Specification (second revision)

1570 (Part 1) : 1978 Schedules for wrought steels — Part 1 Steels specified by tensile
and/or yield properties (first revision)

5
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IS 2431 : 2022

ANNEX B
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Earth Moving Equipment and Material Handling Sectional Committee MED 07

Organization(s) Representative(s)

BEML Ltd, Bengaluru SHRI V. SEKAR (Chairman)

Airports Authority of India, New Delhi SHRI K. S. KUNWAR
SHRI JASPAL SINGH (Alternate)
Automotive Research Association of India, SHRI A. AKBAR BADUSHA
Pune
BEML Ltd, Bengaluru SHRI HEMANT KUMAR (Alternate)
Bharat Coking Coal Ltd, Dhanbad SHRI ARUN NAND SAHAY
SHRI CHANDRA SHEKHAR S. I.
(Alternate)
Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd, New Delhi SHRI G. BHAGCHANDANI
SHRI S. K. BHAUMIK (Alternate)
Caterpillar India Pvt Ltd, Chennai SHRI K. REJI JOSE
SHRI V. BHASKARAN (Alternate)
Cement Corporation of India Ltd, New SHRI A. K. SRIVASTAVA
Delhi
SHRI ANURAG KUMAR SAINI (Alternate)
Central Mine Planning and Design Institute SHRI PARAG MAJUMDAR
Ltd, Ranchi SHRI PRAVEEN K. SINHA (Alternate)
Directorate General Factory Advice SHRI SUMIT ROY
Service and Labour Institutes, Mumbai
Directorate General of Mines Safety, SHRI D. B. NAYAK
Dhanbad SHRI VIJAY YADAORAO BARAPATRE
(Alternate)
Directorate General of Quality Assurance, LT COL SIDHARTH KHATTRI
Ministry of Defense, New Delhi SHRI RAGHUBIR SINGH (Alternate)
Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI K. C. PAIKAR
SHRI R. R. SHRIVASTAVA (Alternate)

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IS 2431 : 2022

Organization(s) Representative(s)

Epiroc Mining India Ltd, Nashik SHRI PRAKASH GORE

Escorts Construction Equipment Ltd, SHRI FAIZ AHMAD
Faridabad MS RUPALI SHARMA (YP)

Fact Engineering and Design Organization, SHRI R. K. PALLAI

New Delhi SHRI JUBY CHANDY (Alternate)
Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd, SHRI ARAVIND DOSS
Ranchi
SHRI AMIT PAL (Alternate I)
SHRI VIJAY KUMAR (Alternate II)
Indian Construction Equipment SHRI K. V. KRISHNAMURTHY
Manufacturers Association, New Delhi
Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), SHRI L. A. KUMARASWAMIDHAS
Dhanbad
JCB India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI SAURABH DALELA
SHRI VIVEK RAWAT (Alternate)

John Deere India Pvt Ltd, Mumbai SHRI KARTHIK KALIAPPAN

SHRI RAJ ANAND (Alternate)
Komatsu India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru SHRI M. RAJENDRAN
SHRI VIKRANT SHARMA (Alternate)
L & T Komatsu Ltd, Bangaluru SHRI G. S. NARAYANA
SHRI K. KESHAVA (Alternate)
Mahindra Construction Equipment, SHRI GOPALKRISHNA RAJENDRA
Chakan
Manitou India Ltd, Greater Noida SHRI ATUL K. SINGHAL
Mcnally Bharat Engineering Company Ltd, SHRI ASHOK KUMAR BOSE
Kolkata SHRI SANDIPAN DAW (Alternate)
Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public SHRI SUSHIL LAKRA
Enterprises, Department of Heavy
Industry, New Delhi
Ministry of Shipping, New Delhi SHRI ANIL PRUTHI
SHRI RAMJI SINGH

7
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IS 2431 : 2022

Organization(s) Representative(s)

Mumbai Port Trust, Mumbai SHRI DILIP VISHWANATHAN

SHRI PANDIAN SEKAR (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and building SHRI KAPIL KUKREJA
Materials, Faridabad SHRI SAURABH BHATNAGAR (Alternate)
National Mineral Development SHRI S. J. RAO
Corporation, Hyderabad SHRI S. K. ROY (Alternate)
NTPC Ltd, New Delhi SHRI MADHUKAR ANAND
SHRI P. S. CHATTERJEE (Alternate)
Office of Development Commissioner SHRI SUSANTA KUMAR SOM
(MSME), New Delhi
SHRI SUVANKAR SANTRA (Alternate)
Project and Development India Ltd, Noida SHRI NARENDRA SINGH
SHRI ABHIJIT MAHATA (Alternate)
Volvo Construction Equipments India Pvt SHRI SAI PRASAD POLIPALLI
Ltd, Bengaluru SHRI K. RAGHURAMAN (Alternate)

In Personal Capacity SHRI G. NAGARAJ VENKATESH

BIS Directorate General SHRI RAJNEESH KHOSLA SCIENTIST ‘E’ AND
HEAD (MED) [REPRESENTING DIRECTOR
GENERAL (Ex-officio)]

Member Secretary
MS KHASHBOO KUMARI
Scientist ‘D’ (MED), BIS

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www.bis.gov.in or www.standardsbis.in.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: MED 07 (17621).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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