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Structure of Java Program

Java is an object-oriented programming, platform-independent, and secure programming language
that makes it popular. Using the Java programming language, we can develop a wide variety of
applications. So, before diving in depth, it is necessary to understand the basic structure of Java
program in detail. In this section, we have discussed the basic structure of a Java program. At the
end of this section, you will able to develop the Hello world Java program, easily.

Let's see which elements are included in the structure of a Java program. A typical structure of a Java
program contains the following elements:

Documentation Section

Package Declaration

Import Statements

Interface Section

Class Definition

Class Variables and Variables

Main Method Class

Methods and Behaviors

Documentation Section

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The documentation section is an important section but optional for a Java program. It includes basic
information about a Java program. The information includes the author's name, date of creation,
version, program name, company name, and description of the program. It improves the
readability of the program. Whatever we write in the documentation section, the Java compiler
ignores the statements during the execution of the program. To write the statements in the
documentation section, we use comments. The comments may be single-line, multi-line, and
documentation comments.

Single-line Comment: It starts with a pair of forwarding slash (//). For example:

//First Java Program  

Multi-line Comment: It starts with a /* and ends with */. We write between these two
symbols. For example:

/*It is an example of 
multiline comment*/  

Documentation Comment: It starts with the delimiter (/**) and ends with */. For example:

/**It is an example of documentation comment*/  

Package Declaration
The package declaration is optional. It is placed just after the documentation section. In this section,
we declare the package name in which the class is placed. Note that there can be only one package
statement in a Java program. It must be defined before any class and interface declaration. It is
necessary because a Java class can be placed in different packages and directories based on the
module they are used. For all these classes package belongs to a single parent directory. We use the
keyword package to declare the package name. For example:

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package javatpoint; //where javatpoint is the package name  
package com.javatpoint; //where com is the root directory and javatpoint is the subdirectory  

Import Statements
The package contains the many predefined classes and interfaces. If we want to use any class of a
particular package, we need to import that class. The import statement represents the class stored in
the other package. We use the import keyword to import the class. It is written before the class
declaration and after the package statement. We use the import statement in two ways, either import
a specific class or import all classes of a particular package. In a Java program, we can use multiple
import statements. For example:

import java.util.Scanner; //it imports the Scanner class only  
import java.util.*; //it imports all the class of the java.util package  

Interface Section
It is an optional section. We can create an interface in this section if required. We use the interface
keyword to create an interface. An interface is a slightly different from the class. It contains only
constants and method declarations. Another difference is that it cannot be instantiated. We can use
interface in classes by using the implements keyword. An interface can also be used with other
interfaces by using the extends keyword. For example:

interface car  
{  
void start();  
void stop();  
}  

Class Definition
In this section, we define the class. It is vital part of a Java program. Without the class, we cannot
create any Java program. A Java program may conation more than one class definition. We use the
class keyword to define the class. The class is a blueprint of a Java program. It contains information
about user-defined methods, variables, and constants. Every Java program has at least one class that
contains the main() method. For example:

class Student //class definition  
{  

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}  

Class Variables and Constants

In this section, we define variables and constants that are to be used later in the program. In a Java
program, the variables and constants are defined just after the class definition. The variables and
constants store values of the parameters. It is used during the execution of the program. We can also
decide and define the scope of variables by using the modifiers. It defines the life of the variables. For
example:

class Student //class definition  
{  
String sname;  //variable  
int id;   
double percentage;   
}  

Main Method Class

In this section, we define the main() method. It is essential for all Java programs. Because the
execution of all Java programs starts from the main() method. In other words, it is an entry point of
the class. It must be inside the class. Inside the main method, we create objects and call the methods.
We use the following statement to define the main() method:

public static void main(String args[])  
{  
}  

For example:

public class Student //class definition  
{  
public static void main(String args[])  
{  
//statements  
}  
}  

You can read more about the Java main() method here.

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Methods and behavior

In this section, we define the functionality of the program by using the methods. The methods are the
set of instructions that we want to perform. These instructions execute at runtime and perform the
specified task. For example:

public class Demo //class definition  
{  
public static void main(String args[])  
{  
void display()  
{  
System.out.println("Welcome to javatpoint");  
}  
//statements  
}  
}  

When we follow and use the above elements in a Java program, the program looks like the following.

CheckPalindromeNumber.java

/*Program name: Palindrome*/  
//Author's name: Mathew  
/*Palindrome is number or string that will remains the same  
When we write that in reverse order. Some example of  
palindrome is 393, 010, madam, etc.*/  
//imports the Scanner class of the java.util package  
import java.util.Scanner;  
//class definition  

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public class CheckPalindromeNumber  
{    
//main method  
public static void main(String args[])  
{    
//variables to be used in program  
int r, s=0, temp;      
int x; //It is the number variable to be checked for palindrome    
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);  
System.out.println("Enter the number to check: ");    
//reading a number from the user  
x=sc.nextInt();  
//logic to check if the number id palindrome or not  
temp=x;      
while(x>0)  
{      
r=x%10;  //finds remainder  
s=(s*10)+r;      
x=x/10;      
}      
if(temp==s)      
System.out.println("The given number is palindrome.");      
else      
System.out.println("The given number is not palindrome.");      
}    
}    

Output:

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