BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY I/II Sem

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Course Code 21ELE17/27 CIE Marks 50

Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) 0:0:2 SEE Marks 50

Credits 01 Exam Hours 03

Course objectives:
After studying this course, students should be able to
(i)To explain how to verify KCL and KVL for DC circuit and maximum power transfer theorem.
(ii) To explain power and power factor measurement of different types of lamps.
(iii) To explain measurement of impedance for R-L circuits.
(iv) To explain measurement of power consumed in a 3-phase load.
(v)To explain methods of controlling a lamp from different places.
(vi)To explain the effect of Open and Short circuit in simple circuits and measurement of earth resistance.

Sl.NO Experiments

1 Verification of KCL and KVL for DC circuits

2 Verification of maximum power theorem.

3 Measurement of Current, Power and Power Factor of Incandescent Lamp, Fluorescent Lamp and LED Lamp.

4 Measurement of Resistance and Inductance of a Choke coil using three voltmeter method.

5 Determination of Phase and Line quantities in three phase star and delta connected loads.

6 Measurement of 3- phase Power using Two Wattmeter Method.

7 Determination of efficiency of a single phase transformer by direct load test.

8 Two Way and Three Way Control of Lamp and Formation of Truth Table.

9 Measurement of Earth Resistance

10 Study of effect of Open and Short circuit in simple circuits.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1: Conduct experiment to verify KCL and KVL and maximum power transfer theorem for DC circuits.
CO2: Conduct experiments to compare power factor of different types of lamps.
CO3: Conduct experiments to measure impedance of an electrical circuit and power consumed by a 3-phase load
CO4: Understand two-way and three-way control of lamps and measurement of earth resistance.
CO5: Explain the effects of open and short circuits in simple circuits.

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE): The CIE marks awarded in case of Practical shall be based on the weekly
evaluation of laboratory journals/ reports/laboratory record after the conduction of every experiment and one practical test. The
maximum marks prescribed for the former and the latter shall be 35 and 15. The total CIE marks shall be the sum of marks secured by
students in the above events.

Semester End Evaluation (SEE): The practical examinations to be conducted as per the time table of University with a
batch wise strength of not more than 10-15 students per batch
.(i) All laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
(ii) Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of answer script to be strictly adhered by the examiners.
(iii)Students can pick one experiment from the questions lot prepared by the examiners.
(iv) Change of experiment is allowed only once and 15% Marks allotted to the procedure part to be made zero

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Experiment-1
Verification of KVL and KCL for DC circuits.

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Fig no 1. circuit diagram Kirchhoff’s Voltage Laws

Fig no 2. circuit diagram Kirchhoff’s Current Laws

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Experiment-1: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim: To verify KVL and KCL for DC circuits.

1. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Laws ∑ Voltage = 0
2. Kirchhoff’s current low ∑ Current = 0

System under consideration:

1-D.C. supply of rating; a) Voltage : _____Volts ,Current : ________Amps
2- Resistance R1= ________ Ohms R2 = ________ Ohms R3= ______Ohms

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Type Qty
1. D.C. power supply 12V/2A 1
2. Voltmeter 0-300V M.C 5
3. Ammeter 0-5 A M.C 5
4. Three Resistance Box 1

Theory

Procedure:
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Laws
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2. Switch on the supply
3. Take the readings of voltmeters
4. Switch off the supply.

Kirchhoff’s current low

1. Make the connection as per circuit diagram shown in Fig. 2.
2. Switch on supply
3. Take the readings of ammeter ,
4. Switch off the supply.

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SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS
R1= ________ Ohms R2 = ________ Ohms And R3= ______Ohms

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Laws

Supply voltage Vs = _______ Volts DC

Equivalent resistance Req = R1 + R2 + R3 = ________ Ohms

𝑉
Current I = = ________ Amps
𝑅𝑒𝑞

Voltage across Resistance (R1 ) V1 = R1 * I = ______ Volta

Voltage across Resistance ( R2 ) V2 = R2 * I = _______Volts

Voltage across Resistance ( R3 ) V3 = R3* I = _______Volts

Voltage across Resistance ( Req ) Vt = V1+ V2 + V3 = __________Volts

Tabular Column:

Theoretically Value ( calculated) Practical Value ( Mater reading)

Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter
Vt V1 V2 V3 VS VL1 VL2 VL3

Results:

Conclusions:

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SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS
Kirchhoff’s current low:

Supply voltage Vs = 12 Volts DC

1 1 1 1
Equivalent resistance Req = + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑒

𝑉
Current flow in Resistance (R1) I1 = = ________ Amps
𝑅1

𝑉
Current flow in Resistance (R2) I2 = = ________ Amps
𝑅2

𝑉
Current flow in Resistance (R3) I3 = = ________ Amps
𝑅3

Total Current flow in circuit It = I1 + I2 + I3 = ________ Amps

Tabular Column:

Theoretically Value ( calculated) Practical Value ( Mater reading)

Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter
It I1 I2 I3 IS IL1 IL2 IL3

Results:

Conclusions:

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Experiment-2
Verification of maximum power theorem.

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Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem.

Fig No1. Circuit diagram of the Maximum power transfer theorem

Fig No2. Circuit diagram of the determine the open circuit voltage

Fig No3. Determine resistance

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Experiment-2: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim: To verify Maximum power transfer theorem for DC circuits.

System under consideration:
1-D.C. supply of rating; Voltage: _____Volts, Current: ________Amp
2-Resistance box 100 ohms to 2 K.ohms

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Qty
1. Power supply 0-30Volts 1
2. Voltmeter 0.30 volts 2
3. Ammeter 0.2 Amps 2
4. Resistor 1K 4
5 DRB 0-1000ohms 1

Theory

rocedure:
1 Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2 Switch on the supply
3 Increase the load (resistance) step by step.
4 Take the readings of voltmeter and Ammeter
5 Switch off the supply.

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Tabular Column:

Resistance Voltage Current power

Sl.No RL VL I P = VL X I

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

Power for each value of Load. P = VL X I

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VTH = _____- Volts [Remove the load, (Show in fig No2) and
determine the open circuit voltage using multimeter (VTH)]

RTH = _____ Ohms [Remove the load and short circuit the
voltage source ( Show In fig No3 ) Find the looking back resistance (RTH) using
multimeter.]

𝑉𝐿
IL =
𝑅𝑇𝐻 +𝑅𝐿

Calculate the power delivered to the load P max = 𝐼𝐿2 𝑋 𝑅𝐿

Verify maximum transfer theorem.

Practical Value Theoretical Value

Maximum power transfer theorem P max

Resistance transfer theorem RTH

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Experiment-3
Measurement of current, power and power factor of incandescent
lamp and LED lamp.

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Fig no1. Circuit diagram Measurement of current, power and power factor of lamps

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Experiment-3: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim: Measurement of current, power and power factor of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp,
and LED lamp.

System under consideration:

• Florescent Lamp; Watts _______, Voltage _________ Power Factor _______
• Incandescent Lamp; Watts _______, Voltage _________
• Led Lamp; Watts _______, Voltage _________ Power Factor _______

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Type Qty
1. Voltmeter 0-300 Volts M.I 1
2. Ammeter 0.150Mili Amps M.I 1
3. Wattmeter 300volts/250mili Amps UPF/LPF 1
4. Tube light 40 Watts 1
5. LED Lamp 9 Watts 1
6. Incandescent
I lamp 60 watts 1

Theory

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2. Connect the incandescent bulb in the bulb holder
3. Switch on the supply
4. Take the readings of voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
5. Connect the tube light in the lamp holder with help of holder adapter
6. Take the readings of voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
7. Connect the LED lamp in the holder
8. Take the reading of the voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
9. Switch off the supply.

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Tabular Column:

Type of load Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter

Incandescent Lamp

Florescent Lamp

Led Lamp

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS

Calculation

Watt meter constant = V * I * Cos∅/ Full scale reading

𝑾
Power factor Cos ∅ =
𝑽∗ 𝑰

TYPE OF LOAD Power factor

Incandescent Lamp

Florescent Lamp

Led Lamp

Results:

Conclusions:

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Experiment-4
Measurement of resistance and inductance of a choke coil using 3
voltmeter methods.

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Fig no1. circuit diagram inductance coli

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Experiment-4: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim: Measurement of resistance and inductance of a choke coil using 3 voltmeter method..

System under consideration:

• Choke coil ; 40 Watts, 230 Voltage
• Resistance : ______ ohms

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Type Qty
1. Voltmeter 0-300 Volts M.I 3
2. Ammeter 0.150Mili Amps M.I 1
3. choke coil 1
4. Resistance load 1

Theory

Procedure:
1) Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2) Switch on the supply
3) Take the readings of voltmeters and Ammeter
4) Switch off the supply.

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Tabular Column: R-L circuit

Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter

Ammeter
Total resistance inductance
V VR VL I

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS
𝑽𝟐 − 𝑽𝟐𝑹 − 𝑽𝟐𝑳
Resistance of the coil Vr = = _________ Volts
𝟐𝑽𝑹

𝑽𝒓
Power factor of the induction coil 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∅ = = __________
𝑽𝑳

𝑽𝑳
Impedance of the inductance coil Z = = __________ ohms
𝑰

Resistance of the choke coil Rc = Z cos∅ = ________Ohms

Reactance of the choke coil XL = √𝒁𝟐 − 𝑹𝒄𝟐 = _____________Ohms

𝑿𝑳
Induction of the choke coil L= =___________m. H
𝟐𝝅𝒇

Resistance of the Inductance of the

choke coil choke coil

Results:

Conclusions:

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Experiment-5:
Voltage and Current relationships of three phase star/delta circuits.

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Fig no1. Connection diagram three phase star circuits

Fig no 2. Connection diagram three phase delta circuits

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Experiment-5: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim:. Verification of Voltage and Current relationships of three phase star/delta loads

System under consideration:

• Transformer : ______KVA , _______Volts, ___________Amps

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Type Qty
1. Voltmeter 0-600/300 Volts M.I 2
2. Ammeter 0.10Mili Amps M.I 2
3. Resistance load Three phase load 1

Theory

Procedure: Star
1) Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2) Switch on the supply
3) Increase the load step by step.
4) Take the readings of voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
5) Switch off the supply.

Procedure: Delta
1) Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2) Switch on the supply
3) Increase the load step by step.
4) Take the readings of voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
5) Switch off the supply.

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Tabular Column: Star

Line Line Phase Phase

Voltmeter Ammeter Voltmeter Ammeter

Tabular Column: Delta

Line Line Phase Phase

Voltmeter Ammeter Voltmeter Ammeter

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:
Calculation Star

Line voltage 𝑉𝐿 = √3 𝑉𝑃 ( Phase Voltage)

Line Current 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑃 ( Phase Current)

Calculation : Delta

Line voltage 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑃 ( Phase Voltage)

Line Current 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑃 ( Phase Current)

Results:

Conclusions:

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Experiment-6
Measurement of three phase’s power using two wattmeter methods.

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Fig no 1. Circuit diagram Measurement of three phase power using two wattmeter method

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Experiment-6: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim:. Measurement of three phase power using two wattmeter method.

System under consideration:

• Three phase Load : ________KVA , _______Volts, ___________Amps

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Type Qty
1. Voltmeter 0-600/300 Volts M.I 1
2. Ammeter 0.10Mili Amps M.I 1
3. Wattmeter 600volt 10 Amps Upf 2
4. Resistance load Three phase load 1

Theory

Procedure: Resistive load

1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2. Switch on the supply
3. Increase the load step by step.
4. Take the readings of voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
5. Switch off the supply.

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Tabular Column:

Star Connected Load Delta Connected load

Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter Wattmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter Wattmeter

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

Calculation Resistive load W1 + W2 = √3 𝑉 𝐼

Load = Wt = W1 + W2 watts

Load = √3 𝑉 𝐼 watts

Star Connected Load Delta Connected load

W1 + W2 √3 𝑉 𝐼 W1 + W2 √3 𝑉 𝐼

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Experiment-7
Determination of efficiency of a single phase transformer by direct
load test.

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Fig no1. circuit diagram load test transformer

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Experiment-7: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim:. Load test on a single phase transformer.

System under consideration:
• Transformer : ______KVA , _______Volts, ___________Amps

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Type Qty
1) Voltmeter 0-300 Volts M.I 2
2) Ammeter 0.150Mili Amps M.I 2
3) Wattmeter 300volts/250mili Amps UPF/LPF 2
4) Resistance load 1

Theory
Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2. Switch on the supply
3. Increase the load step by step.
4. Take the readings of voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter
5. Switch off the supply.

Tabular Column:

No load Voltage Vo = ___________

Voltmeter Ammeter Voltmeter Ammeter

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SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS

Calculation
Input power 𝑷𝒊𝒏 = 𝑽𝒔 𝑿 𝑰𝒔

Output power 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝑽𝑳 𝑿 𝑰𝑳

𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝑽𝑳 𝑿 𝑰𝑳
Efficiency = X100 = X 100
𝑷𝒊𝒏 𝑽𝒔 𝑿 𝑰𝒔

𝑽𝒐 −𝑽𝒔
Regulation = X 100
𝑽𝒐

Efficiency Regulation

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Experiment-8
Two ways and three way Control of lamp and formation of truth table.

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Fig No1: Wiring diagram, two way control of a lamp

Fig No2: Wiring diagram, three way control a lamp

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Experiment-8: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim:. Two way and three way Control of lamp and formation of truth table.

Two way control of a lamp

Three way control of a lamp
System under consideration:
Two way Switch

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Qty
1. Wiring board -- 1
2. Holder - 1
3. Two way Switch 6 Amps 2
4. Intermediate switch 6 amps 1
5 Lamp 100 Watts 1
6 Supply board -- 1
Pipes , wires ,junction boxes
7
and switch box

Theory

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Procedure: Two way control of a lamp

1. Study the given wiring diagram, Fig no1
2. Make the location point, Switchboard, and lamp holder.
3. Place the wires along with in the pipe.
4. Fix the bulb holder, switches on the box.
5. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
6. Test the working of light
7. Truth table
Switch 1 Switch 2 Lamp

S-A C-L

S-A D-L

S-B C-L

S-B D-L

8. Switch off the supply.

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Procedure: Three way control of a lamp

1. Study the given wiring diagram, fig no2.
2. Make the location point, Switchboard, and lamp holder.
3. Place the wires along with in the pipe.
4. Fix the bulb holder, switches on the box.
5. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
6. Test the working of light
7. Truth table
Switch 1 Switch 3 Switch 2 Lamp

S-A M-O N-P C-L

S-A M-O N-P D-L

S-A M-P N-O C-L

S-A M-P N-O D-L

S-B M-O N-P C-L

S-B M-O N-P D-L

S-B M-P N-O C-L

S-B M-P N-O D-L

7.Switch off the supply.

Results: Conclusions:

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Experiments 9:
Measurement of earth resistance.

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Experiment-9: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim:. Measurement of Earth resistance

.
System under consideration:

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Qty
1. Earth tester 1
2. Pipe earth point 1
3. Spike rod 2
4. 2.5 mm sq Wire 10 mtrs

5. Measurement Tape 1

Theory

Procedure:
1. Connect C1 and P1 terminals on the test set to the earth electrode (Fig No 1.).
2. Drive a probe into the earth 16 meters from the centre of the electrode and connect to
terminal C2.This probe should be driven to a depth of 6 – 12 inches.
3. Drive another probe into the earth midway between the electrodes and probe C2 and
connect to terminal P2. This probe should be driven to a depth 6 – 12 inches.
4. Record the resistance measurement.
5. Move the potential probe 2 meters farther away from the electrode and make a second
measurement.
6. Move the potential probe 2 meters closer to the electrode and make a third measurement.
7. If the three measurements agree with each other within a few present of their average, then
the average of the three measurements may be used as the electrode resistance.
8. If the three measurements disagree by more than a few present from their average, then
additional measurement procedures are required.

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Tabular Column:

Sl.No Distance Voltage Current Resistance

Feet Volts Amps Ohms

Resistance = voltage/ current

Results:

Conclusions:

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Experiments 10
Study the effect of the open and short circuit in simple circuit.

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Fig No 1 Closed circuit

Fig 2. Open circuit Fig 3. Open circuit

Fig 4. Open circuit Fig 5. Short circuit

Fig 6. Short circuit Fig 7. Short circuit

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Experiment-10: Date; __ / __ / 202_

Aim:. study the effect of the open and short circuit in simple circuit
.
System under consideration:

Apparatus required: The apparatus required to conduct the experiment are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Apparatus required
SL No. Apparatus/Instruments Range Qty
1. OC and SC testing kit 230 V 1
2. LED s 3 watts 3
3.
4.
5
6

Theory

Procedure:
1 Make the connections as per circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
2 Switch on the supply
3 Make the closed circuit of Fig 1. Note down LEDs are ON or OFF
4 Make the open circuit of Fig 2. Note down LED are which ON and Off
5 Make the open circuit of Fig 3. Note down LED are which ON and Off
6 Make the open circuit of Fig 4. Note down LED are which ON and Off
7 Make the short circuit of Fig 5. Note down LED are which ON and Off
8 Make the open circuit of Fig 6. Note down LED are which ON and Off
9 Make the open circuit of Fig 7. Note down LED are which ON and Off
10 Switch off the supply.

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Tabular Column:

LED 1 LED 2 LED3

Fig No1 Closed circuit
Fig No2 Open circuit
Fig No3 Open circuit
Fig No4 Open circuit
Fig No5 Short circuit
Fig No6 Short circuit
Fig No7 Short circuit

Results:

Conclusions:

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