Integrated Intelligent Research(IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligent

Volume: 04 Issue: 02 December 2015,Pages No.102- 106

ISSN: 2278-2400

A Analysis of Environmental Education for the

Next Generation Using Combined Disjoint Block
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CDBFCMS)
A.Victor Devadoss1, M. Clement Joe Anand2, A.Felix3, S. Alexandar4
1
Head & Associate Professor, PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
2,3
Ph.D Research Scholars, PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
3
MSc Mathematics, PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai, India.

Abstract -God created the human beings; for the well-being of relate it to the life needs and aspirations of the nation. The aims
human, He created the earth and all the things in the of teaching EE in the schools to develop proper understanding
surroundings, which is very useful and helpful. But human fail of the environment and preserve for the next generation. For an
to keep the purity of the Gods creation. Then the outcome of in-depth understanding of environmental science at the
human activities, our environment is polluted. Now we are in graduate level, the students must be prepared right from their
the situation to save the earth and our environment. Various school days.
ideas have been introduced for teaching and importing the
environmental sciences through formal and informal education. Need and importance Environmental Education:
These attempts have created environmental awareness. In this Rapid population growth in India causes untold suffering and
paper we analyzed EE, how it impact to the primary students all related hazards. It causes pollution and the resources like
using Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps air, water etc. reduce the quality of life of man. It causes
(CDBFCM). This method is introduced by W.B. Vasantha resource scarce. For these reason Environmental education is
Kandasamy and A. Victor Devadoss. The Combined Disjoint need for population consciousness
Block FCM is defined in this method becomes effective when
the number of concepts can be grouped and are in large EEAT Scheme
numbers. This paper has five sections. First section gives the Environment Education, Awareness & Training (EEAT)
information about development of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Scheme is a Central Scheme. The details of the Scheme are
Environment Education. Second Section gives preliminaries of given below. EEAT Scheme was launched during the 6th Five
Fuzzy Cognitive maps and Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Year Plan in 1983-84 with the following objectives:
Cognitive Maps. In Section three, we explain method of (i)To promote environmental awareness among all sections of
determining the hidden pattern. In the fourth section, we give the society;
the concepts of problem. Final section gives the conclusion (ii)To spread environment education, especially in the non-
based on our study. formal system among different sections of the society;
(iii)To facilitate development of education/ training materials
Keywords-Environmental Education, Environmental and aids in the formal education sector;
Education Awareness and Training Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, (iv)To promote environment education through existing
Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. educational/ scientific/ research institutions;
(v)To ensure training and manpower development for
I. INTRODUCTION environment education, awareness and training;
(vi)To encourage non-governmental organizations, mass media
Environmental education has an ability to solve the social and other concerned organizations for promoting awareness
problem, and the community problem and their solutions and about environmental issues among the people at all levels;
workforce for tackling cooperative mind. We need the school (vii)To use different media including films, audio, visual and
children to share and develop the motivation from school about print,, theatre, drama, advertisements, hoarding, posters,
various environmental issues which are the challenges of today seminars, workshops, competitions, meetings etc. for spreading
and prepare them for the future. The education system in India messages concerning environment and awareness; and
had incorporated some aspects of EE in school curricula as (viii)To mobilize people's participation for preservation and
early as 1930 The roots of the present status of EE in formal conservation of environment.
education can be traced back to the report of the education The objectives of this scheme are being realized through
commission (1964 -66) Kothari commission, this report also implementation of the following programmes launched over
incorporated the best that basic education had to offer so as to the years:
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Integrated Intelligent Research(IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligent
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 December 2015,Pages No.102- 106
ISSN: 2278-2400
(1)National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAC).
(2)National Green Corps (NGC). be the edges of the FCM (i≠j).
(3)Global Learning & Observations to Benefit the Then the edges form a directed cycle. An FCM is said to be
Environment (GLOBE). cyclic if it possesses a directed cycle. An FCM is said to be
(4)Strengthening Environment Education in School System acyclic if it does not possess any directed cycle.
and other courses at Graduate and Post-Graduate level
including Professional Courses. 2.7 Definition
(5)Advertising & Publicity. An FCM is said to be cyclic is said to have a feedback.
(6)Seminars/ Symposia/ Workshops.
2.8 Definition
(7) Publication of Resource Material related to Environment.
When there is a feedback in an FCM, i.e, when the causal
(8) Grants-in-Aid to Professional Societies & Institutions.
relations flow through a cycle in a revolutionary way, the FCM
(9) Other Awareness Programmes like Vacation Programmes,
is called a dynamical system.
Quiz/ Essay/ Debate/ Poster/ Slogan competitions, training
programmes etc.
2.9 Definition
(10) Library.
Let be a cycle. When Ci is
II. PRELIMINARIES switched on and if the causality flows through the edges of a
cycle and if it again causes C i, we say that the dynamical
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are more applicable when the
system ges round and round. This is true for any node C i for i
data in the first place is an unsupervised one. The FCMs work
=1,2,…,n. The equilibrium state for this dynamical system is
on the opinion of experts. FCMs model the world as a
called the hidden pattern.
collection of classes and causal relations between classes.

2.1 Definition 2.10 Definition

When the nodes of the FCM are fuzzy sets then they are called If the equilibrium state of a dynamical system is a unique state
as fuzzy nodes. vector, then it is called a fixed point. Consider a FCM with C 1,
C2,…, Cn as nodes. For example let us start the dynamical
system by switching on C1. Let us assume that the FCM settles
2.2 Definition
down with C1 and Cn on i.e., in the state vector remains as
FCMs with edge weights or causalities from the set {-1, 0, 1}
(1, 0, 0,…, 0) is called fixed point.
are called simple FCMs.
2.11 Definition
2.3 Definition
If the FCM settles down with a state vector repeating in the
An FCMs is a directed graph with concepts like policies,
form A1→A2→…→Ai→A1 then this equilibrium is called a
events etc, as nodes and causalities as edges, It represents
limit cycle.
causal relationships between concepts.
2.12 Definition
2.4 Definition Finite number of FCMs can be combined together to produce
Consider the nodes/concepts C1, C2,…, Cn of the FCM. the point effect of all the FCMs. Let E 1, E2,…,Ep be the
Suppose the directed graph is drawn using edge weight eij ∈ {- adjacency matrices of the FCMs with nodes C1, C2,…, Cn then
1, 0, 1}. The matrix E be defined by E = (e ij) where eij is the the combined FCM is got by adding all the adjacency matrices
weight of the directed edge C iCj. E is called the adjacency E1, E2,…, Ep. We denote the combined FCM adjacency matrix
matrix of FCM, also known as the connection matrix of the by E = E1+E2+…+Ep.
FCM. It is important to note that all matrices associated with
2.13 Definition
an FCM are always square matrices with diagonal entries as
Let C1, C2,…, Cn be n distinct attributes of a problem n very
zero.
large and a non prime. If we divide n into k equal classes i.e.,
k/n=t which are disjoint and if we find the directed graph of
2.5 Definition
each of there k classes of attributes with t attributes each, then
Let C1, C2,…, Cn be the nodes of an FCM. A=(a 1, a2,…,an)
their corresponding connection matrices are formed and these
where eij ∈ {-1, 0, 1}. A is called the instantaneous state vector
connection matrices are joined as blocks to form a n x n
and it denotes the on-off position of the node at an instant.
matrix. This n x n connection matrix forms the combined
ai = 0 if ai is off and ai = 1 if ai is on for i = 1, 2,…, n.
disjoint block FCM of equal classes. If the classes are not
2.6 Definition divided to have equal attributes but if they are disjoint classes
Let C1, C2,…, Cn be the nodes of and FCM. Let we get a n x n connection matrix called the combined disjoint
block FCM of unequal classess/size.

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Integrated Intelligent Research(IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligent
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 December 2015,Pages No.102- 106
ISSN: 2278-2400
A8 – Impact of industrialization on environment
2.14 Definition A9 – Importance of plants and trees in keeping the
Suppose A = (a1, a2,…,an) is a vector which is passed into a environment clean
dynamical system E. Then AE = (a1’, a2’,…, an’) after A10 – Effects of environmental pollution and the consequences
thresholding and updating the vector suppose we get (b 1, b2, of air pollution
…,bn) we denote that by (a1’, a2’,…, an’)  (b1, b2,…,bn). Thus A11 – Population and environment
the symbol ‘ ’ means the resultant vector has been thresholded A12 – Impact of deforestation
and updated. These 12 attributes are divided into 3 classes C 1, C2, C3with 4
FCMs have several advantages as well as some disadvantages. in each class.
The main advantages of this method it is simple. It functions Let C1 = {A1, A3, A6, A8},
on expert’s opinion. When the data happens to be an C2 = {A2, A4, A7, A9},
unsupervised one the FCM comes handy. This is the only C3 = {A5, A10, A11, A12} and
known fuzzy technique that gives the hidden pattern of the
situation. As we have a very well known theory, which states Now we take the expert opinion for each of these classes and
that the strength of the data depends on, the number of take the matrix associated with the combined disjoint block
experts’s opinions. At the same time the disadvantages of the FCMs. The experts opinion for the class C1 = {A1, A3, A6, A8},
combined FCM is when the weightages are 1 and -1 for the in the form of the directed graph.
same CiCj, we have the sum adding to zero thus at all times the
connection matrices E1,E2,…,Ek may not be conformable for
addition.
Combined conflicting opinions tend to cancel out and assisted
by the strong law of large numbers, a consensus emerges as the
sample opinion approximates the underlying population
opinion. This problem will be easily overcome if the FCM
entries are only 0 and 1. Fig. 1
The related connection matrix is given by
III. METHOD OF DETERMINING THE HIDDEN
PATTERN A3 A6 A8

Let C1, C2,…, Cn be the nodes of an FCM, with feedback, Let E

be the associated adjacency matrix. Let us find the hidden
pattern when C1 is switched on. When an input is given as the
vector A1 = (1, 0,…, 0), the data should pass through the
relation matrix E. This is done by multiplying A i by the matrix The directed graph is given by the expert on C2 = {A2, A4, A7,
E. Let AiE = (a1, a2,…, an) with the threshold operation that is A9}, which forms the class
by replacing ai by 1 if ai > k and ai by 0 if a i < k ( k is a suitable C2.
positive integer). We update the resulting concept; the concept
C1 is included in the updated vector by making the first
coordinate as 1 in the resulting vector. Suppose A iE→ A2 then
consider A2E and repeat the same procedure. This procedure is
repeated till we get a limit cycle or a fixed point.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM

Fig. 2
Using the Environmental Education linguistic questionnaire
and the expert’s opinion we have taken the following twelve According to this expert, the attributes, Importance of trees and
attributes plants and Awareness about air, water, soil and noise pollution.
A1 – Awareness about immediate surroundings Required more understanding of the nature. And this is
A2 – Importance of trees and plants connected to Better understanding for Environment. The
A3 – Importance of cleanliness and sanitation related connection matrix M2 is given below:
A4 – Awareness about air, water, soil and noise pollution
A5 – Need for the protection of environment
A6 – Knowledge about the source of energy
A7 – Importance of the conservation of water resources and
forests
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Integrated Intelligent Research(IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligent
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 December 2015,Pages No.102- 106
ISSN: 2278-2400
A2 A4 A7 A9 The expert C3 = {A5, A10, A11, A12}
According to this expert, Need for the protection of
environment and Effects of environmental pollution, and the
consequences of air pollution and Impact of deforestation.
These are all more interrelated.
The related connection matrix M4 is given below:
A5 A10 A11 A12
Now we give the directed graph for the class C3 as given by

Fig. 3 Y2 B (101101111000) = Y3 (say)

Y3 B (111101111000) = Y4 (say)
The relation connection matrix B is given by Y4 B (111101111000) = Y5 =Y4
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 The resulting hidden pattern in a fixed point, Awareness about
A9 A10 A11 A12 immediate surroundings Importance of trees and plants;
Importance of cleanliness and sanitation ;Awareness about air,
water, soil and noise pollution ;Need for the protection of
environment, Knowledge about the source of energy;
Importance of the conservation of water resources and
forests ;Impact of industrialization on environment; Importance
of plants and trees in keeping the environment clean.

V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion
We analysed the environmental education using CDBFCM
We study the effect of any state vector on the dynomical
model. The limit point of the dynamical system reveals that
system using X=(1000000000000) be a state vector in which
the attributes A1 A2, A3, A4, A6, A7, A8, and A9. Through
the node,” Awareness about immediate surroundings” is in on
environmental education, the students and the society educated
state, and all others are in off state.
about environmental issues and how we have to save the
environmental.
X B (001001010000) = X1 (say)
(i)To promote environmental awareness among all sections of
X1 B (101001010000) = X2(say) the society;
X2 B (100101010000) = X3(say) (ii)To spread environment education, especially in the non-
X3 B (100001010000) = X4(say) formal system among different sections of the society;
X4 B (001001010000)= X5(say) (iii)To facilitate development of education/training materials
X5 B (001001010000)= X6 = X5 and aids in the formal education sector.
(iv)To promote environment education through existing
The hidden pattern is a fixed point in which all attributes educational/scientific/ research institutions;
“Importance of cleanliness and sanitation, Knowledge about (v)To ensure training and manpower development for
the source of energy, Impact of industrialization on environment education, awareness and training;
environment; ” are all in on stage. Let Y be (101000101000) be (vi)To encourage non-governmental organizations, mass media
a state vector in which nodes, Awareness about immediate and other concerned organizations for promoting awareness
surroundings, Importance of cleanliness and sanitation; about environmental issues among the people at all levels;
Importance of the conservation of water resources and forests, 5.2 Suggestion
Importance of plants and trees in keeping the environment From our study we are giving the following suggestions.
clean, are on and all other in off stage. Therefore, the effect of 1. Students are to be taught to restore and construct their
Y on the dynamical system is given by surroundings. There should be a topic to educate them.
Y B (101001110000) = Y1 (say)
Y1 B (111001011000) = Y2 (say)
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Integrated Intelligent Research(IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligent
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 December 2015,Pages No.102- 106
ISSN: 2278-2400
2. The areas must be taken up are human health, family
planning nutrition of child and women rural development,
slum improvement, prevention of food contamination etc.
3. The children in schools should be taught the role of trees,
wild life etc.
4. The objective based training to be made to love for plants
and animals.
5. They must be sensitive to environmental problems.
6. They must require skills for solving environmental
problems.

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