Water

Treatment
Plant
• Submitted By:
• Mitun Chandra Basak(2018333520)
• Amina Islam Marjana(2018333519)
• Juned Ahmed Joy(2018333524)
• Ahmed Alif Azha(2018333521)
• Khaled Mahmood Rafi(2018333525)
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
What is Water
treatment
plant?
Water treatment plant is
that improves the quality of water
to make it appropriate for a specific
end-use. The end use may be
drinking, industrial water
supply, irrigation, river
flow maintenance, water recreation or
many other uses, including
being safely returned to
the environment​
Objectives of Water
Treatment plant

The objective of municipal and

industrial waste water treatment
is to extract pollutants, remove
toxicants, neutralize coarse
particles, kill pathogens so that
quality of discharged water is
improved to reach the permissible
level of water to be discharged
into water bodies or for
agricultural land.
Importance of Water
Treatment Plant

• Here, are the points which show the

importance of water treatment-
• It is important to protect the health–
The harmful chemicals, metal and other
contaminants present in water are dangerous for
the health of humans and other organisms living
on this planet. These harmful substances and
toxins lead to various health problems like
asthma, cholera, diarrhea, asthma, cancer, skin
disorders and even death. Hence, this will
reduce the annual death rate of people caused
by drinking contaminated water.
• It helps to ensure that water is not wasted –
The wastewater treatment plants use
water discharged from households and
industries which is purified and discharged back
to the community and natural environme nt.
Types of Water Plant System
1.Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)

2.Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

3.Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP's)

4.Demineralization (DM) Treatment Plants

5.Reverse Osmosis(RO) Treatment Plants

Waste Water
Treatment Plant
Wastewater treatment is a process used to
remove contaminants from wastewater and
convert it into an effluent that can be
returned to the water cycle Once returned
to the water cycle, the effluent creates an
acceptable impact on the environment or is
reused for various purposes (called water
reclamation The treatment process takes
place in a wastewater treatment plant.
There are several kinds of wastewater
which are treated at the appropriate type
of wastewater treatment plant. For
domestic wastewater (also called municipal
wastewater or sewage), the treatment
plant is called a sewage treatment plant For
industrial wastewater, treatment either
takes place in a separate industrial
wastewater treatment plant
 The first step in this water treatment plant is that the
wastewater drains to the plant with the help of gravity
through the main sewer system.
How waste
water
treatment A mechanical stage then begins called the preliminary
plant works? treatment or pre-treatment. In this stage, the water moves
through the gravel chamber to remove any grit. The gravel
is then disposed of at the dump. The water then moves to
the bar screens which remove large objects. These are
course screens. Next, the fine screens remove smaller
objects such as undigested foods, or matches, etc.
Sewage Water
Treatment Plant
• Sewage treatment is the process of
removing contaminants from wastewater
and household sewage water. It includes
physical, biological and sometimes
chemical processes to remove pollutants.
Its aim is to produce an environmentally
safe sewage water, called effluent, and a
solid waste, called sludge or biosolids,
suitable for disposal or reuse. Reuse is
often for agricultural purposes, but more
recently, sludge is being used as a fuel
source.
• Water from the mains, used by
manufacturing, farming, houses (toilets,
baths, showers, kitchens, sinks), hospitals,
commercial and industrial sites, is
reduced in quality as a result of the
introduction of contaminating
constituents. Organic wastes, suspended
solids, bacteria, nitrates, and phosphates
are pollutants that must be removed.
How Sewage Water Treatment Works?

• When wastewater reaches a

sewage treatment plant, it goes
through a filtering process that acts
as a pre-treatment process. The
wastewater here flows through
screens and into settlement basins
that can take out debris in large
quantities.
• It acts as a pre-treatment as
stated above as it takes place
before three more aggressive
stages- primary, secondary and
tertiary treatment
 Effluent
Treatment
Plants
(ETP’s)
As previously seen above, sewage
treatment plants provide initial
treatment for domestic or
municipal purposes. Effluent
water treatment plants, on the
other hand, are quite the opposite
as they treat industrial effluent,
that is, the wastewater that
occurs as a result of the flow of
byproducts from industries.
 Like STP’s, even ETP’s involve a process of preliminary, primary, secondary and
tertiary treatment.

Preliminary treatment: Here the emphasis is given to physical techniques such

as screening, sedimentation, filtration, clarification etc. The objective of this is to
remove as much solid physical matters as possible before sending the effluent
for further treatment.

How ETP Primary treatment: This phase involves the removal of solid waste and organic
matter. Here chemicals are added to break down any solid and chemical waste.
This is done by chemical coagulation, chemical precipitation or the addition of
Works? sodium carbonate or hydrochloric acid in order to control the pH levels.

Secondary treatment: Here the suspended particles and any biodegradable

matter are removed with the help of many chemical processes as well as
biological processes.

Tertiary treatment: The tertiary treatment uses a combination of all three-

physical, chemical and biological processes to remove any final traces of solids
or contaminants from the industrial effluent.
Demineralization
(DM) Treatment
Plants
In water treatment for industrial purposes,
demineralization typically involves the
complete removal of dissolved solids or
minerals from feedwater or process streams
Demineralize Water is Water completely free
( or almost ) of dissolved minerals as a result
of one of the following processes :
• Distillation
• Deionization
• Membrane filtration (reverse osmosis or
nanofiltration)
• Electrodialysis
• Or other technologies.
How DM works?
• This water treatment plant works on
the principle of ion exchange. In these
plants, special ion exchange resins are
manufactured that help to replace any
mineral salts in the water. There are two
types of resins- one is an anion one while
the other is a cation one. These former
resins release hydroxyl ions which are
negatively charged while the cation resins
release hydrogen ions that are positively
charged.
• The cation-exchange resins lead to
softening of water, the anion-exchange
result in the removal of nitrate from
wastewater and the combination of both
the anion and cation exchange removes
virtually every ionic contaminant present
in the feed water with a process called
Deonization
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Water Treatment Plant
• Reverse osmosis removes contaminants
from unfiltered water, or feed water, when
pressure forces it through a semipermeable
membrane. Water flows from the
more concentrated side (more
contaminants) of the RO membrane to the
less concentrated side (fewer
contaminants) to provide clean drinking
water. The fresh water produced is called
the permeate. The concentrated water left
over is called the waste
or brine. membrane has small pores that
block contaminants but allow water
molecules to flow through. In osmosis,
water becomes more concentrated as
it passes through the membrane
to obtain equilibrium on both sides
How Reverse Osmosis Works?

• This water treatment plant works by using a high-

pressure pump that increases the pressure on the
salt side of the RO and forces the water across the
semipermeable RO membrane (which allows some
atoms and molecules to pass but not others),
leaving almost 95%-99% of dissolved salts in the
reject stream. In other words, as the wastewater
enters the RO membrane and pressure is applied,
the water molecules pass through the
semipermeable membrane while the other salts
are not allowed to pass through and discharged to
the reject stream (also known as brine stream or
concentrat
 • The 5 major unit processes include chemical
Process of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration,
and disinfection (described below). There are
Water chemicals added to the water as it enters the various
treatment processes.
Treatment • Step 1: Chemical Coagulation
• The first chemical added is chlorine dioxide and it is
Plant an oxidant used to break down naturally occurring
organic matter such as decaying leaves and other plant
material. A chemical coagulant known as aluminum
sulfate is used as the primary coagulant. A polymer, a
long chain of synthetic organic compounds, is also
added to the water as a coagulant aid to help in
strengthening the primary coagulant’s bonding chains
• Step 2: Flocculation
• The coagulated water then flows to the next major unit process, the flocculation
process. Flocculation is a slow stirring process that causes the small coagulated
particles to form floc. The flocculation process promotes contact between the floc
particles and the particulates (sediment) in the water

Step 3 : Sedimentation
The flocculated water then flows to the next major unit process, the sedimentation
process. The purpose of the sedimentation process is to remove suspended solids
(particles) that are denser (heavier) than water and to reduce the particulate load on
the filters. Sedimentation is accomplished by decreasing the velocity of the water
• Step: 4 Disinfection
• The settled water then flows
from the Pre-Sedimentation
Building to the Filtration Facility.
Before arriving at the Filtration
Facility chlorine is added to the
water at the pre-chlorination
point to begin the disinfection
process. The disinfection process
is designed to kill or inactivate
most microorganisms in water,
including essentially all
pathogenic organisms whether
they are from bacteria, viruses or
intestinal parasites
Step 5: Filtration
The chlorinated settled water
then flows into the Filtration
Facility and onto the filters for the
last of the major unit processes
used to treat the drinking water.
Filtration is the process of passing
water through material such as a
bed of coal, sand, or other
granular substance to remove
particulate impurities that were
not removed during the
sedimentation process. The water
treatment plant uses rapid rate
multi-media gravity filter beds.
 Maintenance of Water
Treatment Plant
• It is essential to control the impact of corrosion, deposition, and
microbial proliferation on asset value, as well as to conserve
water and energy, and more recently to prevent human disease
due to water borne pathogens. Water treatment involves:
• 1. Controlling the concentration of dissolved and suspended
materials by blowing down, or removing a portion of the
recirculating water, and adding fresh water to maintain the
concentration of dissolved and suspended substances at a
prescribed level.
• 2. Adding chemical treatment compounds at specified dosages
to provide a more corrosion-resistant chemical barrier on the
metal surface.
• 3. Adding microbicides at a specified dosage and frequency to
limit the proliferation of noxious organisms, and by minimizing
bio-film and bio-mass formation on system surfaces.
• 4. Adding chemical treatment compounds and/or adjusting
blowdown rates to optimize the pH of the recirculating water to
the optimum range.It is essential to control the impact of
corrosion, deposition, and microbial proliferation on asset valu e.
 • If wastewater is not properly treated, then the environment and human health can be
negatively impacted. These impacts can include harm to fish and wildlife populations, oxygen
depletion, beach closures and other restrictions on recreational water use, restrictions on fish
and shellfish harvesting and contamination of drinking water. Environment Canada provides
Effects of Water some examples of pollutants that can be found in wastewater and the potentially harmful
effects these substances can have on ecosystems and human health:
Treatment plant • Decaying organic matter and debris can use up the dissolved oxygen in a lake so fish and other
aquatic biota cannot survive;
in Environment • Excessive nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen (including ammonia), can cause
eutrophication, or over-fertilization of receiving waters, which can be toxic to aquatic
organisms, promote excessive plant growth, reduce available oxygen, harm spawning grounds,
alter habitat and lead to a decline in certain species;Chlorine compounds and inorganic
chloramines can be toxic to aquatic invertebrates, algae and fish.
Saidabad Water Treatment
Plant In Bangladesh:
• There are so many Water Treatment plants in Bangladesh. Among of
them Saidabad water traetment plant is renowned. Saidabad Water
Treatment Plant (SWTP) is presently the major surface water
treatment plant in Dhaka. The SWTP is planned to be constructed in
three phases in an area of about 89,000 m2. Currently, Phase-1 and
Phase-2 has been constructed and are in operation .Water Supply
and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) provides water supply in its
service areas of about 400 km2 in Dhaka city and its surroundings. It
has been relying heavily on groundwater as a source of water supply
and at present 78% supply is from groundwater. However, the
current groundwater abstraction is beyond sustainable yields, as
groundwater table in Dhaka is declining at some 2 to 3 meter per
year. DWASA has now planned that majority of its new water source
will be from rivers. Saidabad Water Treatment plant ) is presently the
major surface water treatment plant in Dhaka. Treated water from
the SWTP is transmitted to the distribution network where it is
mixed with the groundwater abstracted by deep tube wells which
are located within the distribution network. There are 631 deep tube
wells with the depths ranging from 200 m to 400 m.
Thank You