Designation: C 881/C 881M – 02

Standard Specification for

Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 881/C 881M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope D 2393 Test Method for Viscosity of Epoxy Resins and

1.1 This specification covers two-component, epoxy-resin Related Compounds6
bonding systems for application to portland-cement concrete, D 2566 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Cured Ther-
which are able to cure under humid conditions and bond to mosetting Casting Resins During Cure6
damp surfaces. 3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 3.1.1 binder, n—the cementitious part of a grout, mortar, or
system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system shall concrete that binds the aggregate or filler into a cohesive mass.
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the 3.1.2 bonding system, n—the product resulting from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi- combination of all the components supplied for use as a
cation. bonding material.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.3 component, n—a constituent that is intended to be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the combined with one or more other constituents to form a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- bonding system.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.4 contact strength, n—bond strength measured by slant
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards shear after a specified contact and cure time.
statements, see Section 9. 3.1.5 contact time, n—specified time between when the
epoxy system is applied and when the two segments are
2. Referenced Documents bonded together and still achieve a specified bond strength
2.1 ASTM Standards: after a specified curing time and temperature.
C 882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin 3.1.6 curing agent, n—a substance that causes the conver-
Systems Used with Concrete by Slant Shear2 sion of a fluid resin system to a solid cured resin by means of
C 884 Test Method for Thermal Compatibility Between a chemical reaction.
Concrete and an Epoxy-Resin Overlay2 3.1.7 epoxy equivalent, n—the weight of resin containing
D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics3 one molecular weight of epoxy groups.
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics3 3.1.8 epoxy resin, n—a resin that contains or did contain
D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics epoxy groups principally responsible for its polymerization.
Under Flexural Load3 3.1.9 filler, n—a finely divided solid, predominantly passing
D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid the No. 200 [75-µm] sieve, that is used to improve certain
Plastics3 properties of the bonding system or to reduce cost.
D 1259 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Resin 3.1.10 formulator, n—the agency responsible for preparing
Solutions4 the separate components and for recommending the propor-
D 1652 Test Method for Epoxy Content of Epoxy Resins5 tions to be used in preparing the final bonding system.
3.1.11 lot or batch, n—that quantity of manufactured mate-
rial which has been subjected to the same unit chemical or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
physical processes intended to make the final product substan-
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee tially uniform.
C09.25 on Organic Materials for Bonding. 3.1.12 manufacturer, n—a producer of a basic constituent
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally part of a component.
published as C 881 – 78. Last previous edition C 881 – 99.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. 3.1.13 reactive diluent, n—a relatively free flowing liquid
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
5 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.

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 C 881/C 881M
used to reduce the viscosity of the liquid resin or resin mixture, 4.2.1 Type I—For use in non-load bearing application for
and which contains reactive groups that cause it to become an bonding hardened concrete to hardened concrete and other
integral part of the cured resin. materials, and as a binder in epoxy mortars or epoxy concretes.
3.1.14 working (pot) life, n—the time after mixing during 4.2.2 Type II—For use in non-load bearing applications for
which a bonding system or mixture containing it retains bonding freshly mixed concrete to hardened concrete.
sufficient workability for proper use.
4.2.3 Type III—For use in bonding skid-resistant materials
4. Classification to hardened concrete and as a binder in epoxy mortars or epoxy
4.1 This specification provides for the classification of concretes used on traffic bearing surfaces (or surfaces subject
epoxy-resin bonding systems by type, grade, class, and color. to thermal or mechanical movements).
4.2 Types—Seven types of systems that are distinguished by 4.2.4 Type IV—For use in load bearing applications for
the requirements of Table 1 are recognized: bonding hardened concrete to hardened concrete and other
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Bonding Systems
Type
Property
I II III IV V VI VII
Viscosity, P [Pa·s]:
Grade 1, max 20[2.0] 20[2.0] 20[2.0] 20[2.0] 20[2.0] ... ...
Grade 2, min 20[2.0] 20[2.0] 20[2.0] 20[2.0] 20[2.0] ... ...
max 100[10] 100[10] 100[10] 100[10] 100[10] ... ...
Consistency, in
[mm]:
Grade 3, Types I, 14 ⁄ [6.0] 14⁄ [6.0] 14⁄ [6.0] ⁄ [6.0]
14 ⁄ [6.0]
14 ⁄ [6.0]
14 ⁄ [6.0]
14

II, III, IV, V, VI,

VII,
max
Gel time, minutes, 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
min
Bond strength, min,
psi [MPa]:
2 days 1000[7.0] ... ... 1000[7.0] ... 1000[7.0] ...
(moist
cure)
14 days (moist 1500[10.0] 1500[10.0] 1500[10.0] 1500[10.0] 1500[10.0] ... 1000[7.0]
cure)
Absorption, 24 h 1 1 1 1 1 ... ...
max, %
Heat Deflection
Temperature, min,
°F [°C]:
7 days ... ... ... 120[50] 120[50] ... ...
14 days ... ... ... ... ... 120[50] 120[50]
Thermal ... ... passes test ... ... ... ...
compatibility
Linear coefficient of 0.005 0.005 ... 0.005 0.005 ... ...
shrinkage on
cure,
max
Compressive Yield
Strength, min,
psi
[MPa]:
24 h ... ... ... ... ... 2000[14.0] ...
36 h ... ... ... ... ... ... 1000[7.0]
48 h ... ... ... ... ... 6000[40.0] ...
72 h ... ... ... ... ... ... 2000[14.0]
7 days 8000[55.0] 5000[35.0] ... 10 000[70.0] 8000[55.0] ... ...
Compressive
Modulus, psi
[MPa]
Min 150 000[1000] 90 000[600] ... 200 000[1400] 150 000[1000] ... ...
Max ... ... 130 000[896] ... ... ... ...
Tensile Strength, 7 5000[35.0] 2000[14.0] ... 7000[50.0] 6000[40.0] ... ...
days min, psi
[MPa]A
Elongation at 1 1 30 1 1 ... ...
Break, %, min
Contact strength,
psi
[MPa] min
2 days ... ... ... ... ... 1000[7.0] ...
14 days ... ... ... ... ... ... 1000[7.0]
A
Not required for Viscosity Grade 3 Systems.

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 C 881/C 881M
materials and as a binder for epoxy mortars and concretes. 6. Materials and Manufacture
4.2.5 Type V—For use in load bearing applications for 6.1 The systems covered by this specification shall be
bonding freshly mixed concrete to hardened concrete. furnished in two components for combining immediately prior
4.2.6 Type VI—For bonding and sealing segmental precast to use in accordance with written instructions of the formulator.
elements with internal tendons and for span-by-span erection Component A shall contain an epoxy resin with or without a
when temporary post tensioning is applied. reactive diluent. Component B shall contain one or more
4.2.7 Type VII—For use as a nonstress carrying sealer for curing agents, which on mixing with Component A shall cause
segmental precast elements when temporary post tensioning is the mixture to harden. A suitable inert filler may be uniformly
not applied as in span-by-span erection. incorporated in one or both components. The filler shall be
NOTE 1— Epoxy resin systems will adhere to a wide variety of either nonsettling or readily dispersible in any component in
materials, including wood, metals, masonry, and most plastics. Polyeth- which it is incorporated. All systems shall cure under humid
ylene, TFE-fluorocarbon, cellophane, and greased or waxed surfaces are conditions, and bond to damp surfaces.
among the few materials to which these systems will not adhere.
4.3 Grades—Three grades of systems are defined according 7. Chemical Composition
to their flow characteristics and are distinguished by the 7.1 The epoxy resin constituent of Component A shall have
viscosity and consistency requirements of Table 1. an epoxy equivalent of 155 to 275.
4.3.1 Grade 1—Low viscosity.
4.3.2 Grade 2—Medium viscosity. 8. Physical Properties
4.3.3 Grade 3—Non-sagging consistency. 8.1 A mixture of Components A and B in the proportions
4.4 Classes—Classes A, B, and C are defined for Types I recommended by the formulator shall conform to the properties
through V, and Classes D, E, and F are defined for Types VI prescribed in Table 1.
and VII, in accordance with the range of temperatures for
which they are suitable (Note 2). 9. Safety Hazards
4.4.1 Class A—For use below 40°F [4.0°C] the lowest 9.1 Caution: Epoxy resins contain irritants, especially to
allowable temperature to be defined by the manufacturer of the the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Persons handling these
product. materials shall use appropriate protective clothing, including
4.4.2 Class B—For use between 40 and 60°F [4.0 and rubber or plastic gloves. If an epoxy resin should contact the
15.0°C]. skin, it shall be removed immediately with a dry cloth or paper
4.4.3 Class C—For use above 60°F [15.0°C] the highest towel, and the area of contact washed thoroughly with soap and
allowable temperature to be defined by the manufacturer of the water. Solvents shall not be used, because they carry the irritant
product. into the skin. Cured epoxy resins are innocuous.
4.4.4 Class D—For use between 40 and 65°F [4.0 and
18.0°C]. 10. Sampling
4.4.5 Class E—For use between 60 and 80°F [15.0 and
10.1 Take a representative sample of each of the two
30.0°C].
components from a well-blended lot prior to packaging or by
4.4.6 Class F—For use between 75 and 90°F [25.0 and
withdrawing samples from no fewer than 5 % of the containers
30.0°C].
comprising the lot or shipment. Unless the samples of the same
NOTE 2—The temperature in question is usually that of the surface of component taken from containers show visual evidence of
the hardened concrete to which the bonding system is to be applied. This variability, they may be combined into a single composite
temperature may be considerably different from that of the air. Where sample. In place of the foregoing, packaged materials may be
unusual curing rates are desired it is possible to use a class of bonding
sampled by a random selection of containers of each compo-
agent at a temperature other than that for which it is normally intended.
For example, a Class A system will cure rapidly at room temperature. nent from each lot, provided such a procedure is acceptable to
the purchaser.
4.5 Color—Epoxy resin systems are normally unpigmented,
but they can be colored or darkened. If a specific color is 11. Test Methods
desired, it should be so stated by the purchaser.
11.1 Consistency—Test Method to Determine The Consis-
5. Ordering Information tency of an Epoxy Resin System.
5.1 The purchaser shall specify the type, grade, class, and 11.1.1 Scope—This test provides a method for determining
color of bonding system desired and the size of units in which the consistency of Grade 3 epoxy resin systems.
the components shall be furnished. Special requirements re- 11.1.2 Significance and Use—This test method is used to
garding filling of either the components or the final bonding determine compliance with the requirements of the specifica-
system should be stated. The product furnished under this tion.
specification is intended to be resistant to moisture and 11.1.3 Apparatus:
therefore should be suitable for either indoor or outdoor 11.1.3.1 Paper cup—Approximately 3 oz. [approximately
exposure. 0.100L] unwaxed paper cup.
5.2 The purchaser may specify a minimum gel time of 5 min 11.1.3.2 Mixing blade—Ordinary wooden tongue depressor
for Types I and IV when automatic proportioning, mixing, and or stick of similar size.
dispensing equipment are used. 11.1.3.3 Glass panel.

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 C 881/C 881M
11.1.4 Conditioning—Condition the individual components mal room air movement. Determine the time at which a soft,
and any equipment with which they will come in contact to the gelatinous mass forms in the center of the sample by probing
following temperatures: Class A, 32 6 2°F [0 6 1°C]; Class B, every 2 min with a wooden tongue depressor or similar device,
50 6 2°F [10 6 1°C]; Class C, 73 6 2°F [23 6 1°C], Class D, starting 8 min after the beginning of mixing.
65° 6 2°F [18° 6 1°C]; Class E, 80° 6 2°F [27°6 1°C]; Class 11.2.7 Report—The gel time is the interval between the
F, 90° 6 2°F [32° 6 1°C] or to the temperature at which the beginning of mixing and the formation of the gelatinous mass.
material will be used (Note 2). 11.2.8 Precision and Bias:
11.1.5 Procedure—Prepare approximately 30 cm3 of the 11.2.8.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this
bonding system. Weigh the necessary amounts of the compo- test method for gel time is being determined.
nents to an accuracy of 1 % into a single 3-oz [approximately 11.2.8.2 Bias—This test method has no bias since the values
100-cm3] unwaxed paper cup. Mix immediately with a wooden determined can only be defined in terms of this test method.
tongue depressor or stick of similar size. Note the time at 11.3 Filler Content:
which mixing begins. Mix for 3 min, taking care to scrape the 11.3.1 Test Method to Determine the Filler Content of
side and bottom of the cup periodically. Immediately apply Epoxy Resin Systems.
about 2 cm3 of the mixture to a glass panel. Form a semicy- 11.3.2 Scope—This test method is a quantitative test to
lindrical bead of the bonding system by drawing the applicator determine the filler content of epoxy resin systems.
blade through the sample in a straight line with the panel 11.3.3 Significance and Use—the filler content of an epoxy
horizontal. Immediately raise the panel to a position inclined at resin system must be known in order to determine the epoxy
no greater than 10° from vertical and with the bead horizontal. equivalent.
Maintain the panel and sample at their original temperature 11.3.4 Apparatus:
until the bonding system has cured, as determined by an 11.3.4.1 150 mL beaker.
inability to indent it appreciably with a pencil point or 11.3.4.2 Medium porosity, fritted disk filtering crucible.
fingernail. Determine the consistency by measuring the flow of 11.3.4.3 Mixing blade—Ordinary wooden tongue depressor
the lower edge of the bead from its original position at three or stick of similar size.
points along its length. 11.3.5 Reagents:
11.1.6 Report—Report the average value to the nearest 1⁄8in. 11.3.5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall
[1 mm]. be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended
11.1.7 Precision and Bias: that all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee
11.1.7.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
test method for consistency is being determined. where such specifications are available.7 Other grades may be
11.1.7.2 Bias—This test method has no bias since the values used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
determined can only be defined in terms of this test method. sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
11.2 Gel Time: accuracy of the determination.
11.2.1 Test Method to Determine the Gel Time of an Epoxy 11.3.5.2 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).
Resin System. 11.3.5.3 Benzene.
11.3.6 Procedure—Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 mg, approxi-
11.2.2 Scope—This test method determines the time after
mately 10 g of the epoxy resin component into a 150-mL
mixing when an epoxy resin system gels.
beaker. Add 50 mL of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to the
11.2.3 Significance and Use—This test method is used to
beaker, and stir the contents until all the soluble matter is
determine compliance with the requirements of the specifica-
dissolved. If the sample is black, owing to the presence of
tion.
bituminous material, the solvent used shall be a mixture of 1+1
11.2.4 Apparatus: MEK and benzene, by volume. Dry a medium-porosity, fritted-
11.2.4.1 Paper cup—8 oz. [approximately 250 cm3] un- disk filtering crucible to constant weight at 230 6 9°F [110 6
waxed paper cup 5°C]. Wet the filter with MEK, then filter the contents of the
11.2.4.2 Mixing blade—Ordinary wooden tongue depressor beaker through the filtering crucible with the aid of a vacuum.
or stick of similar size. Transfer the contents of the beaker entirely to the crucible, and
11.2.5 Conditioning—Condition the individual components wash the beaker and the residue on the filter with MEK. The
and any equipment with which they will come in contact to the total volume of solvent used to transfer and wash the residue
temperatures set forth in 11.1, depending on the class of system should be about 200 mL. Dry the filter and residue to constant
in question, or to the temperature at which the material will be weight at 230 6 9°F [110 6 5°C].
used, providing that temperature is within the ranges estab- 11.3.7 Report—Calculate the percentage of filler in the
lished in 4.4 for Types I, II, III, and V. For Type VI and VII use component, and report the value to the nearest 0.1 %.
the highest temperature of the specified class (Note 2). Prepare
60 g of the bonding system for Types I through V and 1 gal [4.0
L] for Types VI and VII using the procedures set forth in 11.1. 7
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
11.2.6 Procedure—Transfer as much as possible of the Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
sample into an 8-oz [approximately 250-cm3] unwaxed paper Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
cup and set it on a wooden surface in a location maintained at and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the original conditioning temperature and not subject to abnor- MD.

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 C 881/C 881M
11.3.8 Precision and Bias accordance with Test Method D 638, except condition, mix,
11.3.8.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this and cure at the lowest application temperature of the specified
test method for filler content is being determined. class. Test at 73 6 2°F [23 6 1°C] without delay.
11.3.8.2 Bias—This test method has no bias since the values 11.13 Contact Strength—Determine the contact strength in
determined can only be defined in terms of this test method. accordance with Test Method C 882 except condition the
11.4 Epoxy Equivalent—Determine the epoxy equivalent of material and the specimens at the highest application tempera-
Component A in accordance with Test Method D 1652. Calcu- ture of the specified class and apply the bonding system at a
late the epoxy equivalent after correcting for any filler and thickness of 1⁄16 in. [2 mm] on the slanted surface of each half
volatile contents of the component as follows: cylinder. Maintain at the highest application temperature and
x 5 y~1 2 f 2 v! (1) assemble the two half cylinders after 1 h for Type VI and 8 h
for Type VII. Cure at the assembly temperature and test at 73
6 2°F [236 1°C]. Contact strength is expressed in terms of
where: pounds per square inch obtained after a specified time of cure.
x = corrected weight per epoxy equivalent of the compo-
nent, 12. Rejection and Rehearing
y = weight per epoxy equivalent of the total component as
12.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that fails
determined by Test Method D 1652,
f = weight fraction of filler in the component, and to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection
v = weight fraction of volatile matter in the component. shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in
11.5 Viscosity—Determine the viscosity of the freshly writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the
mixed resin system by means of Test Method D 2393, except producer or supplier has the right to a rehearing.
that the determination shall be made at the temperature given 12.2 If all requirements of this specification are met, except
in 11.1 for the class of material in question. those pertaining to bond strength, the bond tests shall be
11.6 Absorption—Determine the absorption by means of repeated. If the sample again fails to meet the bond strength
Test Method D 570. The test specimens shall have the shape requirements, the entire lot shall be rejected.
and dimensions specified for molded plastics, shall be cured for 12.3 Retest—Lots of material that have been rejected may
14 days at a temperature of 73 6 2°F [23 6 1°C], shall be be reworked by the producer to correct the defects and
tested in accordance with the procedure for 24-h immersion resubmitted for test provided specific approval of the purchaser
and shall be reconditioned, if necessary, as directed in Test has been obtained for such resubmission. Before resubmission
Method D 570. of the material, full particulars concerning the action taken to
11.7 Bond Strength—Determine the bond strength in accor- correct the defects in the original material shall be made
dance with Test Method C 882. available to the purchaser.
11.8 Thermal Compatibility—Determine the thermal com-
13. Packaging and Package Marking
patibility in accordance with Test Method C 884.
11.9 Heat Deflection Temperature—Determine the heat de- 13.1 Packaging—The two components furnished under this
flection temperature in accordance with Test Method D 648, specification shall be supplied in separate containers that are
except condition, mix, cure, and start testing the resin compo- nonreactive with the contents. They are usually supplied in
nents at 73 6 2°F [23 6 1°C]. amounts such that the recommended proportions of the final
11.10 Linear Coeffıcient of Shrinkage— Determine the mixture can be obtained by combining one container of
linear coefficient of shrinkage in accordance with Test Method Component A with one container of Component B.
D 2566, except condition, mix, cure, and test the resin compo- 13.2 Marking—Containers shall be identified as “Compo-
nents at 73 6 2°F [23 6 1°C]. nent A—Contains Epoxy Resin’’ and “Component
11.11 Compressive Yield Strength and Modulus—Determine B—Contains Curing Agent’’ and shall show the type, grade,
the compressive yield strength and modulus in accordance with class, and color. Each container shall be marked with the name
Test Method D 695, except condition, mix, and cure the resin of the formulator, the lot number, the date of packaging, the
components at the lowest application temperature of the quantity contained therein, and the recommended mixing ratio,
specified class. Test at 73 6 2°F [23 6 1°C] without delay. Use by both weight and volume.
of a 1 3 1 3 2-in. [25.4 3 25.4 3 50.8-mm] specimen is also
acceptable. 14. Keywords
11.12 Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break— 14.1 bonding; bonding systems; contact strength; contact
Determine the tensile strength and elongation at break in time; epoxy resin

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