Slum Re-development

In Urban Planning

Submitted by:
Chetna Godiyal (222109209)
Shruti Soni (222109102)
What is Slum? Types of Slums

A Slum, for the purpose of Census has

been defined as residential areas where Notified Slums Recognized Slums Identified Slums
dwellings are unfit for human habitation
by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, A compact area of at least 300
All notified areas in All areas recognized as
faulty arrangements and design of such a town or city population or about 60-70
‘Slum’ by State, UT households of poorly built
buildings, narrowness or faulty notified as ‘Slum’ by Administration or Local
State, UT congested tenements, in
arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, Government, Housing unhygienic environment
Administration or and Slum Boards,
light, or sanitation facilities or any Local Government usually with inadequate
which may have not infrastructure and lacking in
combination of these factors which are under any Act been formally notified
including a ‘Slum proper sanitary and drinking
detrimental to the safety and health. as slum under any act water facilities (Identified).
Act’

Politics

Local Social
issues Causes reasons
of slums

Financial
Population
reasons
 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) – Housing for All

Government of India has

launched a comprehensive
mission Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana (Urban) - Housing for
All. The mission seeks to
address the housing requirement
of urban poor including slum
dwellers through following
programme verticals:
1. Slum rehabilitation of Slum
Dwellers with participation
of private developers using
land as a resource
2. Promotion of Affordable
Housing for weaker section
through credit linked
subsidy
3. Affordable Housing in
Partnership with Public &
Private sectors
4. Subsidy for beneficiary-led
individual house
construction/enhancement
“In-situ” Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) using Land as Resource
This approach aims to leverage the locked potential of land under
slums to provide houses to the eligible slum dwellers bringing them
into the formal urban settlement. Slums
Eligibility

• Slums, whether on Central Government land/State Government land/ULB land,

Private Land, should be taken up for “insitu” redevelopment for providing
houses to all eligible slum dwellers.
• Eligibility of the slum dwellers like cut-off date etc. will be decided by
States/Uts preferably through legislation.
Implementation/Approach for slum rehabilitation with private
partnership is outlined as below:

All tenable slums as identified in Housing for All Plan of Action (HFAPoA)
of the city analyzed with respect to their
• location,
• number of eligible slum dwellers in that slum,
• area of the slum land,
• Market potential of the land (land value as per ready
• reckoner can be used),
• FAR/FSI available
• density norms applicable to that piece of land Source: URDPFI
 Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP)
Implementation

A beneficiary will be eligible for availing only a

single benefit under any of the existing options i.e.
Slum Redevelopment with Private Partner, Credit
Linked Subsidy, Direct Subsidy to Individual
Beneficiary and Affordable Housing in
Partnership. It will be the responsibility of
States/UTs Government to ensure that the
beneficiary is not given benefit under more than
one component of the Mission.

Allotment of houses to identified eligible beneficiaries

in AHP projects should be made following a transparent
procedure as approved by SLSMC and the beneficiaries
selected should be part of HFAPoA.

Coverage

Affordable Housing Projects in partnership should have

basic civic infrastructure like water, sanitation,
sewerage, road, electricity etc.

Source: URDPFI
 Slum free city plan of action processes
As per Rajiv Awas Yojana, launched in 2011,
“Slum Free India” under which Slum
Redevelopment Plan is prepared.
RAY envisages two-step implementation
strategy i.e. preparation of Slum Free City Plan
of Action (SFCPoA) and preparation of
projects for selected slums.
RAY provides financial support to
State/Uts/Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), Central
Government Agencies for providing housing
and improvement of basic civic infrastructure
and social amenities in each selected slums.

Preparation for SFCPoA (Slum Free City Plan of

Action)
• Conducting Stakeholder Workshops and meetings
to prepare the ground for beginning the
• processes and surveys required under SFCPoA.
• Preparation of a City profile
• Review of existing policies and programs related
to slum improvement and housing.
Source: URDPFI
1. Curative strategy 3. Investment plan
i. Assessment of present status of slums i. Framing Investment Requirements and Financing plan
• Preparation of a municipal information base for all slums • Estimation of investment requirements
• Categorization of slums based on tenability analysis • Financial planning for Implementation of Slum
• Prioritization of tenable slums through priority matrix Improvement and Prevention Strategy
• Prioritization of untenable and semi‐tenable slums ii. Formulating a credit plan
ii. Formulation of Slum Intervention Strategies • Review of existing housing finance options for urban poor
• Detailed Analysis of all Prioritized Slums • Review of the credit profile of urban poor
• Formulation of slum intervention strategies for all
prioritized slums 4. Finalisation of SFCPoA
i. Framing Institutional Arrangements
2. Preventive strategy • Preparation of indicative implementation mode and
i. Estimating Urban Poor Housing Shortage & Identifying definition of roles and responsibilities of institutions for
Supply and Demand constraints. implementation
• Estimating present and future housing shortage for the ii. Finalization of Slum Free City Plan of Action
urban poor
• Identification of supply and demand constraints in housing
ii. Identifying Supply and Demand Side Reforms and Framing
Future Supply Strategy
• Identifying policy reforms (Not applicable for smaller
cities less than 3 lakh population included under RAY
implementation phase)
• Framing future supply strategy
• Discussing and sharing findings with stakeholders
guidelines for preparation for Slum Free
 Guidelines for Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP)
Mission Statement
Reforms driven, fast track, planned development of identified cities with focus on efficiency in urban
infrastructure/services delivery mechanism, community participation and accountability of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
towards citizens.
Mission Components vi. Construction and improvements of drains/storm water
drains.
The sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor will vii. Environmental improvement of slums and solid
cover the following:- waste management.
viii. Street lighting.
(a) Admissible components:- ix. Civic amenities, like, community halls, child care
i. Integrated development of slums, i.e., housing and centers, etc.
development of infrastructure projects in the slums in the x. Operation and maintenance of assets created under this
identified cities. component.
ii. Projects involving xi. Convergence of health, education and social security
development/improvement/maintenance of basic services to schemes for the
the urban poor. urban poor
iii. Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects.
iv. Projects on water supply/sewerage/drainage, community
toilets/baths, etc.
v. Houses at affordable costs for slum dwellers/ urban
poor/EWS/LIG categories.
Outcomes of Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

On completion of the Mission period of seven years, it is expected that ULBs will achieve the following
outcomes:-
• Modern and transparent budgeting, accounting, financial management systems, designed and adopted for
all urban services and governance functions;
• City-wide framework for planning and governance will be established and become operational;
• All urban poor people will be able to obtain access to a basic level of urban services;
• Financially self-sustaining agencies for urban governance and service delivery will be established, through
reforms to major revenue instruments;
• Local services and governance will be conducted in a manner that is transparent and accountable to
citizens;
• e-Governance applications will be introduced in core functions of ULBs resulting in reduced cost and time
of service delivery processes.
 Guidelines for Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)
Integrated Housing & Slum Development Program aims at combining the existing schemes of VAMBAY
and NSDP under the new IHSDP Scheme for having an integrated approach in ameliorating the conditions
of the urban slum dwellers who do not possess adequate shelter and reside in dilapidated conditions.

Objectives Coverage

The basic objective of • The scheme will apply to all cities/towns, excepting cities/towns covered
the Scheme is to strive under JNNURM. The target group under the scheme is slum dwellers from
for holistic slum all sections of the community through a cluster approach.
development with a • Allocation of funds among States will be on the basis of the States’ urban
healthy and enabling slum population to total urban slum population in the country.
urban environment by • States may allocate funds to towns/cities basing on similar formula.
providing adequate However, funds would be provided to only those towns and cities where
shelter and basic elections to local bodies have been held and elected bodies are in position.
infrastructure facilities • The State Governments may prioritize towns and cities on the basis of
to the slum dwellers their felt-need. While prioritizing towns, States would take into account
of the identified urban existing infrastructure, economically and socially disadvantaged sections
areas. of the slum population and difficult areas.
 Sanjaynagar Slum Redevelopment Project, AHMEDNAGAR,
MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

• Architects: Community Design Agency

• A public/private partnership that is partly
funded by the Indian government through its
Housing for All (PMAY- Urban) program
• An In-situ initiative in Ahmednagar,
Maharashtra
• Leprosy affected people and their families
were the first to be relocated to Sanjaynagar
under a government scheme.
• The Sanjaynagar slum in Ahmednagar city is
home to 22 different communities
• Major Communities belong to the Other
Backward Communities (OBC) group
1. Sanjaynagar Slum Redevelopment
Project, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India

• Spread over 2 acres, these communities have been

living together since the first dwellers arrived here in the
1980s.
• When completed, Sanjaynagar will be a fully functional
neighborhood with all essential amenities including
water, drainage, roads, street lighting, childcare and
community centers, courtyards for healthy recreation,
and edible rooftop gardens
• The redevelopment of Sanjaynagar illustrates the
transformational power of participatory design
• and the impact that the built environment has on health
and well-being, as well as the social cohesion and
resilience of communities on the margins.
PROCESS
• Community- Centered participatory
design
• Actively listening
• Respect the wisdom of lived experiences
and prioritize the residents’ vision for
reimagining their environments.
• "The participatory design process evolved at
different scales of the neighbourhood –
• starting with the masterplan, coming down
to individual buildings and finally each
family designing their apartment interiors
facilitated by the community architects,"
• Research on various Socio-cultural aspects
of the urbanscape with the active participation
of community partners
 Project has earned a spot on the
2. EMPOWER SHACK RIBA International Prize 2018
Cape Town, South Africa
• Housing development directed by the Urban
Think Tank and NGO Ikhayalami and
associated local and international partners
• Project aims to Upgrade informal settlements
• Units are subsidized at 60% of the construction
cost
• Some residents have Land Release Credit

• Through the development, implementation and

evaluation of four core components:
1. A two-story housing prototype
2. A participatory spatial planning process
3. Ecological landscape management
4. Integrated livelihoods programming

• The units are available in six sizes ranging

between 38-square-metres and 84-square-
metres, and are priced accordingly
2. EMPOWER SHACK,
Cape Town, South Africa

• Made out of materials such as wood and iron

sheeting, and can be self-built
• Software - Urban Think Tank has also
developed software that can easily model
different urban layouts for the Empower
Shacks to be built in.
• User can input individual and community
needs along with municipal planning
frameworks. Various adjustable urban layout
scenarios are then automatically
replicated.
• software also produces an online 3D model
• The software is open source, making it
freely available to community and urban
planners
 CONCLUSIONS FROM CASE STUDIES
1. Participatory design process
2. Understanding the Social and Economic
aspects of the people (their use)
3. Vernacular Designs
4. Scope of Expansion (adding floors above)
5. Prototype - It can be self made (cost effective)
EMPOWER SHACK
6. Partnership and Subsidies (to raise funds) from
NGO’s and Government
7. Introducing various Hosing schemes
Like- “Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban –
Housing for All” mission, NSDP, VAMBAY, BSUP,
IHSDP, UIG, UIDSSMT