T14 Correction

14.1

𝑍2
𝐻(𝑗𝜔) =
𝑍1 + 𝑍2
𝑅
1. 𝑍1 = 𝑗𝜔𝐿, 𝑍2 = 𝐶(𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙)𝑅 =
1+𝑗𝑅𝐶𝜔
𝑢 1 1 1
= 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝐿𝜔 . 𝜔02 = , 𝑓0 = .
𝑒 1+𝑗 +𝑗 2 𝐿𝐶𝜔2 𝐿𝐶 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
𝑅

If we compare it with the denominator of general expressions: see table

2𝑧 𝐿 1 𝐿
= or 𝑧 = √
𝜔0 𝑅 2𝑅 𝐶

1
We get: 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝜔 𝜔
1+2𝑧𝑗 +(𝑗 )2
𝜔0 𝜔0

14.2 Which kind of filter corresponds to the transfer function (low-pass, high pass, band-pass)?
Low-pass filter. Prove this!
14.3. We want a harmonic response with a -3dB cut-off frequency not less than 20kHz and no
overshoot. Write the constraints on z and f0.

If gain is -3dB:
1 1 𝐿 1
Maximally flat when 𝑧 ≥ , → √ ≥
√2 2𝑅 𝐶 √2
1 1
If 𝑓0 ≥ 20𝑘𝐻𝑧: → ≥ 20𝑘𝐻𝑧 → ≥ 40𝜋𝑘𝐻𝑧
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 √𝐿𝐶

→ 1
≥ 𝐿𝐶
16𝜋2 108 𝐻𝑧

We can find the value of L from given values: 𝑧 = 𝜔𝐿, 𝑧 = 12Ω, 𝑓 = 1𝑘𝐻𝑧 → 𝐿 =
1
1.91𝑚𝐻. → 𝐶 ≤ 2 8
. → 𝐶 ≤ 33𝑛𝐹
16𝜋 10 𝐻𝑧∙1.91𝑚𝐻
14.4 Justify the resistance and capacitance values you choose if the minimum R specified in
cartridge documentation is 120Ω (use excel or calc for the computation).

1 𝐿 1 𝐿
From 𝑧 = √ if we use 𝑧 = we can write 𝑅 = √
2𝑅 𝐶 √2 2𝐶

C 100pF 1nF 4.7nF 10nF

R 3.09k 977≈ 1𝑘 450≈ 500 309

1 𝐿 1 1.91𝑚𝐻 1 𝐿 1 1.91𝑚𝐻
𝑧= √ = √ =0.706 , 𝑧 = √ = √ = 0.708
2𝑅 𝐶 2∙977 1𝑛𝐹 2𝑅 𝐶 2∙450 4.7𝑛𝐹

14.5 For Erms = 0.4mV at f = 1KHz, what is the input rms voltage of the preamplifier?

1 1
𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝜔 𝜔 = 𝑓 𝑓 ,
1+2𝑧𝑗 +(𝑗 )2 1+2𝑧𝑗 +(𝑗 )2
𝜔0 𝜔0 𝑓0 𝑓0

𝑓0 ≥ 20𝑘𝐻𝑧, f = 1KHz→ 𝑓0 ≫ 𝑓 → 𝐻(𝑗𝑓) ≈ 1 and 𝑢𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.4𝑚𝑉.

End
T15 correction
15.1Write the transfer function between the woofer voltage and the input ”entree”. Specify the type ´
of filter (low-pass, high pass, band-pass). Give the value of the -3dB bandwidth. Draw the Bode
diagrams gain and phase.

𝑢 1 1
= 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝐿𝜔 , 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝜔 𝜔
𝑒 1+𝑗 +𝑗 2 𝐿𝐶𝜔 2 1+2𝑧𝑗 +(𝑗 )2
𝑅 𝜔0 𝜔0

1
Give the value of the -3dB bandwidth. At 𝜔 = 𝜔0 , 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐻 = −3𝑑𝐵 and 𝐻 = and 𝑧 =
√2
1 𝜔
< 1. In this case we can cancel 2𝑧𝑗 𝜔 in the denominator. We get:
√2 0
1 1
𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝜔 2 and |𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = 𝜔
1+(𝑗 )
𝜔0 √1+(𝜔 )4
0

If 𝜔 ≪ 𝜔0 ; 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) ≈ 1, 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 0𝑑𝐵, 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝐻 = 0

1 1 𝜔
𝜔 ≫ 𝜔0 ; 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝜔 2 |𝐻(𝑗𝜔)| = 𝜔
= ( 𝜔0)2,
(𝑗 )
𝜔0 √(𝜔 )4
0

𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐻 = 40𝑙𝑜𝑔𝜔0 − 40𝑙𝑜𝑔𝜔 → slope −40𝑑𝐵/𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒, 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝐻 = −𝜋

1
𝑓0 = =2.19kHz
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
15.2 Write the transfer function between the medium voltage and the input ”entree”. Specify the type
´of filter (low-pass, high pass, band-pass). Give the value of the -3dB bandwidth. Draw the Bod
diagrams gain and phase on the same diagram than for first question. Take care of the sign minus /plus
of the loudspeaker terminals... What do you think about the phase of medium output relatively to
woofer output?
Home task

15.3.

a) b)

c)
𝑅2
𝑍𝑊 = 𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍2 = 𝑗𝐿2 𝜔2 +
1 + 𝑗𝑅2 𝐶2 𝜔2
1 𝑗𝐿1 𝜔1 𝑅1
𝑍𝑀 = 𝑍𝐶 + 𝑍1 = +
𝑗𝐶1 𝜔1 𝑅1 +𝑗𝐿1 𝜔1
𝑍𝑊 𝑍𝑀
After writing these in the 𝑍𝐴𝐵 = expression and substitution with:
𝑍𝑊 +𝑍𝑀

1 1 𝐿 𝐶
= 𝜔02 , 1 2
√𝐶 = 𝑧1 , 𝑅2 √𝐿 = 𝑧2 ,
𝐿𝐶 2𝑅1 1 2

𝜔 𝜔
1 + 2𝑧1 𝑗 + (𝑗 )2
𝜔0 𝜔0
𝑍𝐴𝐵 =𝑅∙ 𝜔 𝜔
1 + 2𝑧2 𝑗 + (𝑗 )2
𝜔0 𝜔0
15.4. Compute the global power transmitted to the loudspeaker P(ω) if the input voltage is 10V.

𝑃 = 𝐸𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 𝐸𝐼
𝐸
𝐼=
𝑍𝐴𝐵

𝜔 𝜔
1 1 1+2𝑧1 𝑗 +(𝑗 )2
𝜔0 𝜔0
We know that: 𝑧2 = , 𝑧1 = → 𝑍𝐴𝐵 = 𝑅 ∙ 𝜔 𝜔 =𝑅
√2 √2 1+2𝑧2 𝑗 +(𝑗 )2
𝜔0 𝜔0

𝐸2 100
𝑅 = 8Ω, 𝑃 = = = 12.5 𝑊
𝑅 8

End
T16. Correction
16.1 Find the transfer function H(jω) between voltage of the input preamplifier u and e as a function of
R, L, C and ω. To simplify your computations, you can replace e and both R with their equivalent
Thevenin dipole.

𝑒 𝑅
v = = 𝑒𝑇ℎ , 𝑅𝑇ℎ =
2 2

1
𝑍2 𝑅 𝑗𝐿𝜔∙
𝑗𝐶𝜔
𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = , 𝑍1 = 𝑅𝑇ℎ = , 𝑍2 = 1
𝑍1 +𝑍2 2 𝑗𝐿𝜔+
𝑗𝐶𝜔

𝐿𝜔 1
2𝑗 ∙
𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝑅 2
𝐿𝜔
1 + 2𝑗 + 𝑗 2 𝐿𝐶𝜔 2
𝑅
16.2. Find the values of 𝐴0 , ω0 and z in function of R, L, C.
1 2𝑧 2𝐿 1 𝐿 1
𝜔02 = = or 𝑧 = √ , 𝐴0 =
𝐿𝐶 𝜔0 𝑅 𝑅 𝐶 2
16.3 R = 50Ω. Compute the values of L and C to obtain f0 = 100kHz and a quality factor
Q = 100.
2𝑧 2𝐿 1 𝑅 50
= on the other hand 2𝑧 = . 𝐿 = = = 0.398𝜇𝐻 = 398𝑛𝐻
𝜔0 𝑅 𝑄 2𝜔0 𝑄 2∙2𝜋∙105 ∙100

1 1 1
𝜔02 = ,𝐶 = = = 619𝜇𝐹
𝐿𝐶 𝜔02 𝐿 (2𝜋∙105 )2 ∙398𝑛𝐻

16.4 . Give the value of the -3dB bandwidth and the values of the cut-off frequencies.
𝑓0 105
𝐵= = = 1𝑘𝐻𝑧
𝑄 100
This is band pass filter (See above: the equation of H.)

𝑓−3𝑑𝐵 = 𝑓0 (±𝑧√1 + 𝑧 2 )
1 1
𝑧= = , 𝑧 ≪ 1 → 𝑓−3𝑑𝐵 = 𝑓0 (±𝑧 + 1) = 𝑓0 ± 𝑧𝑓0
2𝑄 200
100000
𝑓−3𝑑𝐵 = 100000 ± , 𝑓−3𝑑𝐵(1) = 100500𝐻𝑧, 𝑓−3𝑑𝐵(1) = 99500𝐻𝑧
200

End