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The Skeletal System
The Skeletal System
It also provides
protection for a soft tissues and internal organs and serves as an attachment for the body's
muscles that push against it and apply force, resulting in movement.
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Support and protects of soft tissues and vital
organs.
To give attachment to muscles.
Formation of red blood corpuscles in the bone
marrow.
Storage of mineral salts like phosphorus and
calcium.
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1.
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⦁ Each long bone has an elongated
shaft or diaphysis and two expanded
ends (epiphyses) which are smooth
and articular.
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These have no shaft, but they contain a
substance covered by a shell of
compact bone.
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Flat bones are as they
sound, strong, flat plates of
bone with the main function
of providing protection to
the bodies vital organs and
being a base for muscular
attachment.
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Sesasmoid bones are usually
short or irregular bones,
embedded in a tendon. The
most obvious example of this is
the Patella.
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⦁ It consist of 8 bones:
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1. Coronal suture
2. Saggittal suture
3. Lambdoid suture
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The bones which make the face are14 in number.
These are:
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The skeleton of thorax is made up of the
following bone-
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⦁ Sternum: It is also called Breast bone.
It is a flat bone which is divided into
three parts namely;
a. Manubrium sterni
b. Body of sternum
c. Xiphoid bone
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⦁ RIBS- They are arranged in 12 pairs, on the back side, all of them
are attached to thoracic vertebrae. Depending on their attachment
in the front, they are classified as:
a.True ribs- They are upper five pairs, and are attached to
sternum directly.
b. False ribs-They are lower five pairs, and are
attached to the sternum indirectly.(through costal cartilages).
c.Floating ribs- Lowest two pairs. They are not attached in front.
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⦁ The vertebral column is made up of number of bones.
These bones are called vertebrae. These are 33 in
number.
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⦁ Classification of vertebrae- According to the
region they occupy:
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⦁ The pelvic girdle is the connection between the
trunk and lower extremities. It is formed by 4
bones;
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SCAPULA- It lie at the back
of thorax. It forms the
posterior part of shoulder
girdle.
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⦁ Clavicle- It is also called as collar bone. It is long and
curved bone. It form the anterior part of shoulder
girdle.
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⦁ Humerus- It is the longest
bone of upper limb. It
contains shaft and two
extremities.
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⦁ Ulna- it is the inner most
bone of forearm. It contains
two extremities and a shaft
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Bones of wrist/ carple are arranged in two row.
They are:
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⦁
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⦁
They are made up of
phalangial bones. The
thumb has two
phalanges. Other finger
has three phalanges.
They are proximal,
middle, and distal.
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⦁
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2. PATELLA- It is
sesamoid bone.
Developed in the
tendons of
quadriceps femoris
muscle.
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3. TIBIA- It is the innermost
bone of the leg. It is long
bone containing two
extremities and a shaft.
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Bones of foot can be classified as:
1. Tarsal bones (7 bones)
2. Metatarsal bones (5 bones)
3. Phalangial bones (14 bones)
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