West Visayas State University

Janiuay Campus
(Formerly Janiuay Polytechnic College, Don Tiburcio A. Lutero Nat’l Comp.
High School, Janiuay Nat’l Comp. High School, Janiuay National
Vocational High School, Janiuay High School)
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
*Trunkline: (063) (033) 317-1894
* Website: janiuay.wvsu.edu.ph *Email Address: janiuay@wvsu.edu.ph

Prepared By: POSTRADO, MCA., M.A. Soc. Sci.

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 Course Outline

I. Course No. and Title: NSTP CWTS 1

• Prerequisites: None
II. School Year/Semester Offered: First Semester 2019-2020
III. Course Description: This course includes programs or activities contributory to
the welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the
enhancement of its facilities especially those devoted to improving health, education,
environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizenry.
IV. Course Credit/Unit: 3 Units.
V. Course Outcome:
At the end of the course the students should be able to:
1. To develop and promote civic consciousness, enhance the intellectual, physical, moral,
spiritual and social being of the students.
2. To inculcate among the students the ideals of patriotism and nationalism and advance
their involvement in public and civic affair.
3. To instill moral values among the students, inculcate the respect for their rights of civilians
and adherence to the constitution.
Pages Time Table

Topic 1: INTRODUCTION TO NSTP LAW 3-8 1 week

NSTP-CWTS Vision
NSTP-CWTS Vision
NSTP-CWTS Core Values
NSTP-CWTS Minimum Standards
Topic 2. SELF-AWARENESS AND VALUES DEVELOPMENT 8-21 2 weeks
The Human Person: Overview
The Human Person: Revisited
Characteristics Of A Person
The Essence Of A Person
Topic 3. FILIPINO SOCIAL VALUES 14-20 2 weeks
Self-Awareness And Values Development
NATIONALISM
PATRIOTISM
Filipino Citizenship Values
Topic 4. CITIZENSHIP TRAINING 21-29 2 weeks
Philippine Constitution
Duties & Responsibilities Of Filipino Citizen
Republic Act 8491 – Flag Heraldic Code Of The Philippines
Roles And Modalities Of Volunteerism In Private Sector
Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (Pnvsca)
Multi-Sectoral Advisory Body (Msab)
Topic 5. LEADERSHIP 30-40 2 weeks
How To Become A Good Leader?
21 Indispensable Qualities Of A Leader
Transformational Leadership

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 CHAPTER 1
Introduction to THE NSTP LAW

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learners must have:
1. showed understanding of the National Service Training Program (NSTP;
2 recognized the Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) as the component of NSTP that aims to
help alleviate social problems through the different community services; and
3. expressed commitment to be actively involved in various community services.

REPUBLIC ACT 7722 – HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994 Republic Act 7722 is the
act creating the Commission on Higher Education which covers both the public and private
institutions of higher education as well as degree-granting programs in all post-secondary
educational institutions, be it public or private.
One of the powers and functions of this act which is in line with the goal of
National Service Training Program [NSTP] is to identify, support and develop potential centers
of excellence in program areas needed for the development of world-class scholarship, nation
building and national development.

THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM [R.A. 9163]

1. What is the legal basis of the National Service Training Program (NSTP)?
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law or RA 9163 also known as “An
Act Establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary level students,
amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706, and for
other purposes.” was enacted last January 2002 to amend the Expanded ROTC. This program
aimed to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the
ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program
components, specifically designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general
welfare.

2. What are the components of the NSTP?

a. Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC]- refers to the program component, institutionalized
under Section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to provide military training to
motivate, train organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.
b. Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS]- refers to the program component or activities
contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the
community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health,
education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and
other social welfare services.
c. Literacy Training Service [LTS]- refers to the program component designed to train the
students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth and other
segments of society in need of their services.

Who are covered by the NSTP Law?

A. All incoming freshmen students, male, female, starting school year (SY) 2002-2003, enrolled
in any baccalaureate and in at least two (2) year technical- vocational or associate courses, are
required to complete one (1) NSTP component of their choice, as a graduation requirement;
B. All higher and technical-vocational education institutions must at least offer one (1) of the
NSTP components.
C. State universities and colleges (SUC‟s), shall offer the ROTC component and at least one (1)
other NSTP component.
D. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA),
Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA), and other SUC‟s of similar nature, in view of the

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special character of these institutions, are exempted from the NSTP.
E. Private higher education and technical-vocational education institutions with at least 350
student cadets may offer the ROTC component and consequently establish / maintain a
Department Of Military Science and Tactics (DMST), subject to the existing rules and
regulations of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).

3. What is the duration and equivalent course unit of each of the NSTP Component?
Each of the NSTP components shall be undertaken for an academic period of two
(2) semesters for 54 to 90 training hours per semester. It shall be credited for three (3) units
per semester.

4. What fees shall be charged to students taking any of the NSTP components?
No other fees shall be collected except basic tuition fees, which should not be more than 50%
of the charges of the school per academic unit.

5. Who are covered by the suspension of the ROTC requirement?

The completion of ROTC training as a requisite for graduation is set aside for students who
have completed all their academic requirements for their respective courses as certified by the
school on or before the effectivity of the NSTP Act of 2001, which is March 23, 2002. The
concerned students may apply for graduation in their respective schools.

6. What happens to male students who are currently enrolled and have not taken nor
completed the ROTC requirements for graduation?
a. Male students who are not covered by Section 12 of this Rule and are currently enrolled but
have not taken any of the Military Service (MS), Civic Welfare Service (CWS) or Law
Enforcement Service (LES) shall be covered by the NSTP Law.
b. Male students who have completed two semesters of the Expanded ROTC (E-ROTC) /
National Service Program (NSP) are deemed to have complied with the NSTP requirement.
c. Male students who are not covered by Section 12 of these Rules and have taken only one (1)
semester of Basic ROTC or E-ROTC/NSP shall take any of the NSTP components to qualify for
graduation.
d. Students who want to qualify for enlistment in the Reserve Force or attend the advance
ROTC program shall undertake a special program for this purpose.

7. How are Clustering and Cross-Enrolment done?

a. Clustering of students from different education institutions during semestral or summer
periods may be done for any of the NSTP component, taking into account logistics, branch of
service and geographical locations. The host school shall be responsible in managing the
Program.
b. Schools that do not meet the required number of students to maintain the optional ROTC
and any of the NSTP components, or do not offer the component chosen by the student shall
allow their students to cross-enroll in other schools irrespective of whether such school is under
CHED or TESDA; and in the case the students taking the ROTC component irrespective of
whether the two semesters shall be taken from different schools whose ROTC is managed by
different branches of service of the Armed forces of the Philippines(AFP).

8. What is NSTP-One Summer Program (NSTP-OSP)?

NSTP-OSP is created under RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001, especially Section 6 and jointly
devised, formulated and adopted by DND, CHED and TESDA.

NSTP-OSP is established for the three (3) components: ROTC, CWTS and LTS. This is intended
for graduating students in baccalaureate or at least two-year technical-vocational or associate
courses, who have yet to comply with the NSTP as a requirement for graduation, as well as for

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students, thus allow them to concentrate on the academic subjects and other co- curricular
concerns.

9. What is the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)?

NSRC is created under Section 11 of RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001, composed of graduates
of the non ROTC components: the CWTS and LTS. Members of this Corps maybe tapped by the
State for literacy and civic welfare activities, through the joint efforts of DND, CHED, and
TESDA.

NSTP-CWTS Vision
To train students to become innovators of social change with a culture of excellence
and leaders with integrity, competence, and commitment to render service to the community.
To develop in the youth the values of patriotism and national pride, discipline and
hard work, integrity and accountability for nation-building, and volunteerism as valuable and
effective members of the National Service Corps of CWTS.
NSTP-CWTS Vision
NSTP-CWIS aims to promote and integrate values education, transformational
leadership, and sustainable social mobilization for youth development, community building,
national renewal, and global solidarity by:
1. Providing relevant activities that will contribute to the physical, intellectual, spiritual, and
social development of students
2 Inculcating in students the values of leadership, patriotism, and social responsibility
3. Training students to become project planners, designers, and managers of innovative and
sustainable community service-oriented projects
4. Conducting capability enhancements for civic welfare services geared toward preparing the
youth to become results-oriented social entrepreneurs, volunteers, and a socio-economic
mobilizing force that serves communities as value-driven innovators for progress
5. Working closely with a network of organizations within and outside the higher education
institution
6. Creating opportunities where students can render direct service to the community

NSTP-CWTS Core Values

NSTP-CWIS fosters the following values:
1. Love of God
2. Human dignity
3. Discipline, truth, goodness, and social responsibility
4. Awareness, innovation, and creativity
5. Respect, synergy, and professionalism
6. Excellence and indigenous learning
7. Protection and conservation of the environment
8. Quality service delivery

NSTP-CWTS Minimum Standards

NSTP-CWTS helps develop informed and self-reliant communities by encouraging
inter-government agency cooperation and providing complementary assistance and support to
facilitate socio-economic progress, environmental management, and delivery of basic services,
geared toward uplifting the well- being of people.
The NSTP-CWTS strategies follow an integrative approach to community
development, which unites the people, local officials, civic leaders, and non-governmental
organizations.
The NSTP-CWTS 1 is a three-unit, non-academic course for students who opt to take
the CWTS component of NSTP

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 The minimum standard for NSTP is the development of the common and specific
modules set forth in the IRR.
NSTP-CWTS I spans a total of 83 training hours for two semesters and includes
seven topics and a Scope of instructions as follows:

1. Self-awareness and values development deal with the nature of self, personal development,
roots of the Filipino character, nationalism and patriotism, and good citizenship values with core
Filipino values.
2. Leadership training discusses the concepts of leadership, human behavior, communication,
motivation, teamwork, time management, and decision- making.
3. Dimensions of development cover global, national, and local issues on (a) health, (6)
education (enhancement of instructional support materials and faculties), (C) entrepreneurship,
(d) recreation, and (e) morals of the citizenry and other social welfare concerns such as voters'
education and poverty alleviation.
4. Community exposure and agency visits refer to the nature, development, and approaches in
community work and community-building
5. Community needs assessment includes knowing the community and the community needs
assessment process, survey, and actual conduct.
6. Community services dwell on drug education, health education (medical and dental),
environmental education, entrepreneurship, and culture.
7. Program evaluation tackles the fundamentals, development, implementation, monitoring, and
evaluation of the pro8ram.

Conclusion
NSTP as a graduation requirement is implemented by the DND, CHED, and TESDA.
The NSTP Act of 2001 or Republic Act No. 9163 has made ROTC optional and introduced 1TS
and CWIS as new alternatives, thus making NSTP a three-pronged program on citizenship
training.
NSTP provides a policy framework on volunteerism that underscores the fundamental
principle to harmonize the broad and diverse efforts of the volunteer sector of the country into
an integrative and effective partnership for local and national development as well as
international cooperation and understanding. It sets a mechanism to protect the rights and
privileges of the youth in recognition of their roles and contributions to the development of
society.

Exercise
A. On the blank before each number, write the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.
1. These bills recognized the vital role of the Filipino youth in nation building.
a. House Bill No. 3593 and Senate Bill No. 1824
b House Bill No. 3953 and Senate Bill No, 1284
c. House Bill No. 3593 and Senate Bill No. 1482
d. House Bill No. 3593 and Senate Bill No. 2184
2. Republic Act No. 9163 is also known as
a. ROTC Program
b. NSTP Act of 2001
c. Arroyo Law of 2001
d. NSTP Act of 2002
3. ROTC was institutionalized in of Republic Act No. 7077.
a. Sections 36 and 37
b. Sections 38 and 39
c. Sections 37 and 38

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 d. Sections 35 and 36
4. IRR means
a. Implementing Rules and Regulations
b. Implementing Rules and Rites
c. Important Rules and Regulations
d. Implementing Registration and Regulation
5. NSTP-CWTS is a three-unit course for students who opt to take the CWTS component of
NSTP,
a. technical
b. academic
c. non-academic
d. specialized
6. NSTP-CWTS shall train students to become innovators of change
a. political
b. religious
c. social
d. cultural

7. The PMA, PMMA, and are not covered by the NSTP Law.
a. PNP
b. PNB
c. PSG
d. PNPA
8. This Philippine president signed Republic Act No. 9163.
a. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
b. Rodrigo R. Duterte
c. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III
d. Joseph E. Estrada
9. PMA means
a. Philippine Military Academy
b. Philippine Marine Academy
c. Philippine Merchant Academy
d. Philippine Medical Academy
10. These institutions lead in the implementation of NSTP,
a. PNP, CHED, TESDA
b. DND, CHED, TESDA
c. DND, DepEd, TESDA
d. DND, CHED, PMA

B. Write your answers on the lines provided.

1. How can NSTP-CWTS students serve the community?
2. What can you contribute to help achieve the mission-vision of NSTP-CWTS in your
school?

C. Write True on the blank if the statement is correct and False if the statement is wrong.
____1. The NSTP Law is a consolidation of House Bill No, 3593 and Senate Bill No. 1824.
____2.President Joseph E. Estrada signed Republic Act No. 9163 into law
____3.Section 35 of Republic Act No, 9163 mandates the ROTC.
____4.West Point is the premier military training school in the Philippines.
____ 5.NSTP aims for civic consciousness and defense preparedness
____6. The youth must be active agents of development, responsible leaders, and morally
upright individuals.

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____ 7.The primary task of each of the four government agencies is to supervise the
implementation of their respective programs.
____ 8.Service and patriotism are the core values of NSTP.
____ 9.NSTP is offered to male students only.
____ 10.Private schools are exempt from NSTP
____ 11. All higher and technical-vocational educational institutions must offer one of the NSTP
components.
____ 12.NSTP-CWTS creates opportunities where students can render direct service to the
community.
____ 13.The PNPA, the premier school for police officers, is exempt from NSTP.
____ 14. The integrative approach of NSTP-CWTS is a strategy for community development.
____ 15. NSTP is not a requisite for graduation.

STUDENT ACTIVITIES
Students’ initiatives are directed by connecting expertise to the community’s
needs. The students are trained to be the leading experts in their chosen career while
acknowledging their social obligation. The students are brought up to strive for the best in their
field in the aim that their skills and talents would contribute to the upliftment of the society’s
condition. The students‟ empowerment will serve as a tool in the progress of their lives as well
as those of others.

CHAPTER 2 THE HUMAN PERSON

Self-Awareness and Values Development

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learners must have:
1. Described the nature of the human person;
2. Identified the importance of a person's ability and capacity; and
3. Described a person's unique qualities that make him/her a productive social being

Lesson 1
THE HUMAN PERSON: OVERVIEW
What is a human person? What is the nature of a human person? How does a
person attain his highest potential that can create a positive result towards society?
Even during ancient times, these questions had been consistently raised and
evaluated. Brilliant psychologists, philosophers, theologians, and even natural scientists had
written and made in- depth analyses on the topic of human nature using wide range of theories
and observations. It is essentially difficult to define man. This perspective aims to revisit and
challenge, in all humility, our perception of human nature; and the possibility of achieving a
productive society through the actualization of a person’s highest potential.

THE HUMAN PERSON: REVISITED

When we talk about the human person, it is obviously everything that pertains to
man - physical, spiritual, emotional and intellectual attributes. There are several definitions of a
human person based on different perspectives:
Aristotle and Boethius described man as a rational being. As rational being, a
person is able to know, reason out and apply what he knows. Theologians describe a human
person as a substance of physical and spiritual. Spiritual in nature because man has a soul and
is created by a Superior Being with a divine purpose. Physical in nature, because a person is
created with body and faculty that correspond to his relationship with society.

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Dictionaries define a human person as a living, self-conscious animal or a thing.
WHO AM I? To fully understand the meaning of a person, let us re-evaluate and understand the
characteristics of a person:

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PERSON
Eddie Babor discussed in his book “The Human Person, Not Real But Existing”
that the human person have several characteristics, among which are the following: 1. Rational
Every person is a rational being. This is what distinguishes a person from all other creatures in
the world. As a rational being, a person is free to think and has the capacity to reason. He can
distinguish what is right and what is wrong because he has intellect.

2. Free
All human beings are born free. A person has the freedom to do or not to do a
specific action. However, every person must be responsible for his own action. In other words,
a person can do whatever he pleases but not to the extent of doing harm to his co-creatures.

3. Unique
Every person is unique. Every person has his own identity such that no two
persons are the same. Generally speaking, human beings have the same characteristics and
physical features and but no two persons are the same because every person has its own
perception, has different sets of values and priorities in life.

4. Social being
Every person is intrinsically a social being. He cannot detach his “being” from
others and all other creatures in the universe. Human nature is characterized by his
togetherness and relationship towards other creatures; be it a thing, object or his fellowman.

5. Sexual
All created living things are sexual in nature but the uniqueness of expression
of a person’s sexuality makes it all different. The expression of a person’s emotions, attitudes,
feelings, actions and thoughts in sexual activity best exemplifies his uniqueness from animals.
Considering the characteristics, and their definitions, given above, it can be deduced that a
human person is the ultimate expression of the Supreme Being that has the freedom, capacity
and ability to reason, reflect and relate to his co-existence.

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THE ESSENCE OF A PERSON
By understanding the character and the definition of a person, the next
question would be “how are we going to maximize these characteristics to be able to create a
positive result?” There are several guiding principles in realizing a person’s competence and
ability. The totality of the person is best explored in the field of humanistic psychology. This
study theorized that a person’s behavior and relationship with others is shaped by his inner
feelings and self-image.
One of the foundations of humanistic psychology is Abraham Maslow and
his theory on the hierarchy of needs as illustrated below:

The hierarchy of needs has five levels, namely:

1. Physiological Level - these are biological needs such as food, water and clothing. They are
the strongest needs because when a person is deprived of these, the person will ultimately find
ways to fulfill its satisfaction.

2. Safety - when physiological needs are met, the person transcends in finding security and
protection from physical and emotional harm.

3. Social and Belongingness - when the needs for physiological and safety had been satisfied,
the desire for affection, belonging, friendship can become active. Maslow states that people
seek to overcome feeling of loneliness and alienation.

4. Esteem - there are two esteem needs: The self-esteem that include achievement, mastery,
confidence and the esteem the person gets from others. These include recognition, respect,
attention etc. When these needs are satisfied, the person feels self-confident and valuable as a
person in the world. However, when these needs are not met, the person may feel inferior,
weak, helpless and worthless.

5. Self-Actualization - it is the highest form of motivation. Maslow describes this need as

reaching the person’s peak potential.

As discussed above, Maslow’s theory pointed out that a person must satisfy
first the other lower needs before he can actually realize his self-worth and potential.
Accordingly, when lower needs are unmet, the person cannot fully devote himself to fulfilling his
potentials (Boeree;1988). He theorized that self actualization is the driving force of human

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personality. Thus, a person cannot appreciate intellectual and aesthetic learning when the
person is hungry and his safety is difficult to obtain. “Artistic and scientific endeavors do not
flourish in a society where people must struggle for food, shelter and safety . The highest
motive - self - actualization - can only be fulfilled after all other needs are fulfilled” (Intro to
Psych 10th ed by Atkinson, Smith, Bem, p. 525).
Following Maslow’s theory, Carl Rogers (1902-1987) in his person - centered
therapy theory , believed that every person has within him an inherent desire towards a positive
transformation and development of his capacity. Furthermore, he came to believe that man is
basically good and inherently possesses a seed of goodness no matter how imprudent his
actions are. The theory of person - centered therapy of Carl Rogers explained that persons are
the only ones able to change the direction of their lives and which path to take. The therapist’s
role is to act as a “sounding board” while the person himself explores and analyzes his problem
(Intro to Psych 10th ed by Atkinson, Smith, Bem, p 523).
In accordance with the view of Roger’s theory, the writer of this article
personally believes that the therapist being referred to should not be restricted to psychologists
only, but must also be identified with the person’s environment and the people surrounding
him. In other words, the role of our society should be a “sounding board” of our reflections in
life to be able for the individual to realize his problem and create his own solutions for it. It is
the individual who will eventually direct his own life and not the people around him.

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 The stages of development are patterned sequence encompassing appropriate
physical, emotional and cognitive tasks that the individual must muster in a struggle to adjust to
the demands of the social environment. Each stage should be viewed as a psychosocial crisis or
conflict – and whether the conflict of a particular stage is successfully resolved or not, the
individual is pushed by both biological maturation and social demands into the next stage. The
conflict in each stage involves bipolar tasks such as trust vs. mistrust.

IN A NUTSHELL
The definition and characteristics of a person, the presumptions of Carl Rogers,
Abraham Maslow and Erik Erikson that had been analyzed are simply guiding principles and
motivations to better understand ourselves and examine our potentials. As JFT Bugental
pointed out, “man’s life has greater possibilities but not realized”. In other words, there are
many opportunities await each person and he is blind enough not to notice those opportunities.
As discussed previously, the person himself is the best qualified in changing
and directing his life. He has always been given an alternative whether to do or not to do an act
but this action should be accompanied by responsibility. Being human, our dealings may not
always be positive but that does not negate our value as a person.
Self -actualized persons allow their innate positive values to transform further
and realize that by understanding his self-first is the best way that he can effectively relate to
others. Furthermore, every person must be guided by the understanding that he exists in this
world achieving his temporary assignments. Each person should start now by utilizing his gifts
and talents in obtaining his goals to positively transform and help others realize their worth as

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person themselves. He must make use of it and fulfil the greatest challenge that the Supreme
Being has bestowed upon him.

CHAPTER 3 Lesson 2
FILIPINO SOCIAL VALUES

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learners must have:
1. define and expound on the nature and philosophical values of being a Filipino; and
2. relate the concepts discussed to real-life situations.
3. Evaluated the roots of Filipino character
4. Developed good citizenship values

Self-Awareness and Values Development

FILIPINO VALUES IN THE COMMUNITY SETTING During the NSTP sessions
that discussed the different Filipino characteristics and Filipino Citizenship values, an
understanding of the Filipino culture and Filipino value system was explained. It reiterated that
actions, decisions and manner an individual acts and thinks can be attributed to the values they
were taught and practiced since their birth.
For this chapter, it will discussed the different values that are exemplified in
the social setting especially in the community. It is better to keep in mind that these values are
very essential in bringing forth changes and progress in the community. These values can be an
important instrument in influencing the people in the community towards productive change
and development.

Below are several values that can help in bring together people for a common goal and
advocacy.
1. Pakikisama / Camaraderie – refers to an interpersonal relationship where people are friendly
with each other. To be with someone and to get along with each other indicates basic human
friendliness and affinity. It is a basic tendency for Filipinos and is expressed in their private
lives, their public workplaces, and in their relationship with their neighbors. Filipnos believe that
they live and act together with co-equals and consider it only natural that the consideration
they show other will be reciprocated. So, people show a strong tendency to help, share and
cooperate with those they are with.

2. Familial / Close Family Ties – Filipino are said to value and take good care of their family.
Genuine concern for the family is manifested in the honor and respect given to parents and
elders, in the support and care extended to children and in the great sacrifices one endure for
the welfare of the family. This family orientation makes every member develop a feeling of
belongingness and sense of safety and security.

3. Hospitality – refers to the warm welcome that the Filipino gives to visitors who come to his
and her home, especially strangers. Filipinos tend to create relationship and open their homes
regardless of any stereotypical biases. They are easy to get along with and treats them as
though they were family members.

4. Damayan System – refers to the sympathy for people who suffered lost and in unfavorable
situations. Filipinos tend to express their sympathy very easily and pull people in their intimate
circle for comfort and support.

5. Flexibility and Adaptability – Filipinos can keep up with whatever life throw at them. They
deal with the challenges and changes in their everyday lives as it happens. They easily
conforms to the situation as well as in dealing with the unexpected. This is the ability of the
Filipinos to adjust to the norms of other groups to attain smooth and harmonious relationship.

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This is exemplified during disaster wherein many families are displaced in evacuation centers
and need to cope with the hard times.

6. Resiliency – nothing can keep the Filipino down. Even in dire situation, Filipino always find a
reason to laugh at the difficulties and proceed with their lives. This is the ability to recover and
regain readily one’s particular state and recover without intervention. This can be summed up
with the phase “to rise from the rubble”.

NATIONALISM
Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual
identifying with, or becoming attached to, one’s nation. It is the feeling of oneness among the
people of a certain country. A state of awareness that a nation does exist and is made of people
who owe allegiance not only to a tribe, clan or region nor to any religious or political entity.
Simply, it is the devotion and love of country with all its inhabitants.

In the article by Luz Leanie Reyes of OurHappySchool.com entitled “ 10 Modern Ways to

Express Filipino
Nationalism”, she presented how Filipinos can express their nationalistic pride.

1. Respect the Philippine flag and value the Filipino identity - Being Filipinos, we should respect
our Philippine flag and its purpose. The history and value of this flag are connected to the
freedom we have today. Encourage our fellowmen to participate and respect our flag and its
anthem and even our different symbols. They provide us our identity as Flipinos or citizens of
the beautiful Republic of the Philippines.

2. Be a productive citizen – Be industrious and make ourselves productive, not only for
ourselves but for our country as well. Serve the people, serve our nation.

3. Be aware of the issues in our country – We must be aware and updated on the significant
issues happening in the country. Extend help to the needy fellowmen, especially the victims of
disasters like typhoons, flooding, and the like.

4. Stand proud for every Filipinos achievement – Filipinos is globally competitive in many
aspects. They are proud to be a Filipino and for the honors they bring to our country. They
unite every Filipino for their achievements. We can be proud of Filipinos like Manny Pacquiao,
the Azkals Football Team, the Gilas Pilipinas Basketball Team, and many more.

5. Patronize and support our own products – The Philippines has rich resources to create quality
goods and products. The manpower services we provide are also globally competitive. Our
economy will improve more if we ourselves patronize our own products which characterize our
creativity, resourcefulness, and industry.

6. Preserve the Filipino culture – Philippines is rich in various colorful cultural elements. They
are our identity. Be proud and preserve the culture we have for they are our treasure. We have
to keep them for the future generation.

7. Respect everyone and value our traditions – Filipinos are very courteous and respectful. Even
in modern times, many Filipinos show and value their noble norms and traditions. So we
Filipinos must continue to exercise these good traditions like respecting our elders and others,
by using “po at opo”, being hospitable, and being religious.

8. Speak out our own language – Using our own language is manifesting and preserving our
national identity. It is our unique means of communicating and interacting with our fellowmen.
Our language is an important tool to achieve further unity and national development.

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9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country – There were many
Filipinos who died for our democracy, freedom, and independence. Some fought using their
pens and tongues, while some used the power of their arms and weapons. Each had their own
way of showing their love and respect to our country. In today’s generation, let us value and
treasured our heroes sacrifices and devotion for our country.

10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our compatriots – Love and help one another. That
way, we are showing the world that we are proud to be Filipinos. Stand united! Do something
to help each other and for the greater good for mother country. Love everyone and love our
country as we love ourselves.

PATRIOTISM
Patriotism came from the Latin word “pater” which means “father”. It is the willingness and
determination to lay down one’s life for the fatherland – the constant resolve to sacrifice one’s
life and limb for the preservation of the country. It is the total realization of that love for the
country, which is nationalism. In other words, to be patriotic is to be nationalistic.

How can one show their patriotism? Here are some ways you can show your patriotic pride:
1. Display your pride. This is the cheapest and easiest way to show your patriotism. However,
bear in mind that you need to observe the proper way of showing your nationalistic pride.

2. Stay informed. Know what is going on the country. Understand the concern and issues
plaguing the society. Look at the issues especially the problems from both sides. Stay objective
and find the facts.

3. Learn about your country. Learn the history, culture and influences of the place where you
are born and living in. Don’t be ignorant about the heritage and legacy of our heroes and
modern social movers.

4. Be proud of your country. Celebrate the diversity and uniqueness of the country. Highlight
the good side of the country.

5. Keep the environment clean. No one will take care and safeguard the country’s resources but
their own people. Make it last for the succeeding generations.

6. Buy local. Support the local businesses and local products to better boost the local producers
like farmers, fishermen etc.

7. Pay your taxes. Contribute to the country’s budget to create change and development which
shall be supported by paying the right amount of taxes.

8. Vote. Exercise your rights and participate in the government. Chose the leaders that could
shape out country’s direction and future.

9. Keep the government honest. Don’t tolerate corruption and red tape. Keep an eye out for
any malpractice in the government and abusive government leaders and employee.

10.Volunteer. Get involve and advocate for worthwhile issues. Share your time and talent for a
cause that could help the country.

FILIPINO CITIZENSHIP VALUES

The given set of values is inherently within each Filipino. This part of the
module aspires to awaken these values amongst us and hopefully, later on, inspire us to
practice it in our everyday lives. These values, if carried out with one’s heart can serve as a
vehicle and reinforcement towards our goal of realizing social change and progress.

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For us to have a better view on the said topic, short stories and activities, conveying and
promoting the said set of values were integrated in this module.

RESPECT FOR LIFE

“Treat life with respect and life itself will reveal its beauty to you.”

THE HOUSE OF LIFE

By Andrew Maria (2004)

The crowd said to the Mystic, “We found a big and beautiful house called Life.
Without giving any thought to whom the House of Life might belong, we rushed inside it. Yet to
our dismay, the House of Life was empty and there was nothing in it. Life is empty, Life has no
meaning.”

The Mystic went to the House of Life to see if it really was empty. He knocked on the door
before entering and someone from within opened it. He stayed inside the house for quite some
time while the crowd waited outside. It was already evening when the Mystic went out.

“Is the House of Life empty as we told you?” the crowd questioned him.

The Mystic answered the crowd, “the House of Life is not empty. When I was inside, I saw the
most beautiful rooms with golden chairs, silver tables, and jeweled walls. Above all these, I
dined and conversed with the Master of Life himself.”

“How can that be? The crowd insisted. “When we were inside the House of Life, it was empty,
yet now you tell us that it is not.”

The Mystic rebuked the crowd, “You found the House of Life empty because you did not knock
before you entered it. You rushed into life even without knocking, as if the house belonged to
you. The Master of Life, seeing that you lacked respect for life and reverence for it, took away
its beauty because you would not know how to use it. You are proud and vain as if you are the
master of your own life. For this reason, the Master of Life gave you the House of Life to look at
but not to live in. If only you had knocked before you entered, then you would have seen the
beauty I saw and conversed with the Master of Life himself.”

“Tell us please,” the crowd begged the mystic, “what does it mean to knock on the Door of
Life?”

The Mystic solemnly spoke, “to knock on the door of Life is to be humble enough to accept that
the house does not belong to you but to the Master. “To knock on the door of life is to seek the
Master of the House and not the treasure in the House. To knock on the Door of Life is to wait
with patience for the Master to open it from within and not to force it from the outside. To
knock on the Door of Life is to follow the statutes and commandments of the Master of Life.”

“To knock on the Door of Life is to pray to the Master of Life that you may love him since he
not only owns the house but your very selves as well.”

They left the Mystic after they heard this. The crowd returned to the House of Life and they
knocked before entering. The Master of the House of Life opened it from within. Once inside,
the crowd saw the beautiful things the Mystic had seen. But most of all, they were able to dine
and converse with the Master of Life himself.

Life, after all, is not empty.

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CONCERN FOR THE FAMILY AND THE FUTURE GENERATIONS

“We can get so involved in what we are doing that we forget why we are doing it. We are so
involved in living that we forget the purpose of living. We get so involved in pursuing the things
money can buy that we forget about the things that money can’t buy.”

FATHER’S MISTAKE - NO TIME

By Bel San Luis (2004)

One night, a father came to a parent-teacher conference in a city high school. During a talk
with one of his son’s teachers, the father broke down and began to cry.

After he regained his composure, the father apologized, saying, “My son no longer lives with
me. But I still love him and I want to know how he’s doing in school.”

The father then told the teacher how his wife and four children had left him that afternoon.

He was a building contractor and sometimes worked sixteen hours a day. Naturally, he saw little
of his family, and then slowly grew farther and farther apart.

Then the father said something sad. He said: “I wanted to buy my wife and kids all the things I
had dreamed of giving them. But in the process, I got so involved in working that I forgot about
what they needed most: a father who was around at nights to give them love and support”.

TRUTH

THE TRUTH ABOUT LIES (2004)

Lies are said in the place of truth … Why not prefer to tell the truth than settle for a lie?
There are no half - truths or white lies … It’s either you say the truth or tell a lie!
A million lies cannot make up a single truth … You can never transform a lie into truth.
It’s easier to tell the truth than tell a lie … With the truth, you merely have to state the facts:
With lies, you’d have to cook up a thousand alibis.
You’ll know when your lies have caught up with you … When you begin to believe in them as
being the truth.
In the end, we find but a single truth about lies : That there is No Truth and No Good in Lies.

JUSTICE

Justice is giving every man his due.

TO EVERY MAN HIS DUE

Institute for Development Education Center for Research and Communication (2004)

There was once a poor farmer who would come to town every day in order to supply a baker
with homemade bibingka. In exchange for five pounds of bibingka, the baker would give the
farmer five pounds of bread for his family.

One day, the baker decided to weigh the bibingka. He discovered that the bibingka was one
pound short. This made the baker very angry, and he accused the farmer of having cheated
him.

But the farmer very calmly declared, “You see sir, I am very poor and have no weights at
home. So I take the five pounds of bread you give me and use it as a standard. In this way, I
can be sure of giving you an equal amount of bibingka.”

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EQUALITY

Each man may differ in worldly stature, but each one bears the same amount of dignity as
another and all share one common destiny.

SKULLS
By Andrew Maria Almonte (2004)

One day, a group of skulls in the cemetery had a conversation.

“Hey,” said a skull to another, “who were you when you were alive?”
“I was a king,” answered the skull with an air of pride.
“Yes, I was once his slave,” replied another skull.
“He was a tyrant, a ruthless, merciless king!”
“How dare you speak about me like that!” countered the king-skull.
“I am your king, remember?”
“Shut-up!” shouted the slave-skull.
“You are no longer my king nor am I your slave anymore! We are the same now-rotten skulls!”

PROMOTION OF THE COMMON GOOD

The real heroes among us are those who live their lives daily in genuine concern for the welfare
of the others.

A CHINESE LEGEND
By Benigno P. Beltran (2004)

Once upon a time, in the western Kingdom, lay a beautiful garden. And there, in the cool of the
day was the Master of the garden want to walk. Of all the denizens of the garden, the most
beloved was a gracious and noble bamboo. Year after year, Bamboo grew yet more noble and
gracious, conscious of his master’s love and watchful delight, but modest and more gentle
withal. And often, when the wind revel to the garden, Bamboo could cast aside his grave
stateliness, to dance and play right merrily, tossing and swaying, leaping and bowing in joyous
abandon, leading the Great Dance of the Garden which most delighted the Master’s heart.

One day, the Master himself drew near to contemplate his Bamboo with eyes of curious
expectancy. And Bamboo, in a passion of adoration, bowed his great head to the ground in
loving greeting. The Master spoke: “Bamboo, Bamboo, I would use thee.” Bamboo flung his
head to the sky in utter delight. The day of days had come, the day for which he had been
made, the day for which he had been growing hour by hour, this day in which he would find his
completion and his destiny. His voice came low: “Master, I am ready. Use me as thou wilt.”

“Bamboo”- the Master’s voice was grave- “I would fain take thee and cut thee down!” A
trembling of great horror shook Bamboo.

“Cut… me… down! Me… who, Master, has made the most beautiful in thy entire garden…to cut
me down! Ah, not that, not that. Use me for thy joy, O Master, but cut me not down.”

“Beloved Bamboo” – the Master’s voice grew graver still – “If I cut thee not down, I cannot use
thee.” The garden grew still. Wind held his breath. Bamboo slowly bent his proud and glorious
head. There came a whisper: “Master, if thou cannot use me if though cut me not down…
then… do thy will and cut.”

“Bamboo, beloved Bamboo, I would… cut thy leaves and branches from thee also.” Master,
Master, spare me. Cut me down and lay my beauty in the dust; but wouldst though take from
me my leaves and branches also?” “Bamboo, alas, if I cut them not away, I cannot use thee.”

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The sun hid his face. A listening butterfly glided fearfully away. And Bamboo shivered in terrible
expectancy, whispering low: “Master, cut away.”

“Bamboo, Bamboo, I would yet… cleave thee in twain and cut thine heart, for if I cut not so, I
cannot use thee.” Then Bamboo bowed to the ground. “Master, Master… then cut and cleave.”
So the Master of the garden took Bamboo and cut him down and hacked off his branches and
stripped off his leaves and cleaved him in twain and cut out his heart. And lifting him gently
carried him to where there was a spring of fresh, sparkling water in the midst of his dry field.
Then putting one end of broken bamboo in the spring, and the other end into the water
channel in his field, the Master laid down gently his beloved Bamboo. And the spring sang
welcome and the clear, sparkling waters raced joyously own the channel of Bamboo’s torn body
into the waiting fields. Then the rice was planted, and the days went by, and the shoots grew
and the harvest came.

In that day was Bamboo, once glorious in his stately beauty, yet more glorious in his
brokenness and humility. For in his beauty he was life abundant, but in his brokenness he
became a channel of abundant life to his Master’s world.

CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

THE GIVING TREE

By Fr. Benigno P. Beltran (2004)

Once there was a tree… and she loved a little boy. Everyday, the boy would gather leaves,
make them into a crown and play king of the forest. The boy would also play hide and seek,
climb her branches and eat her mangoes. At the end of the day, when he is tired, the boy
would sleep in her shade. And the boy loved the tree… very much… and the tree was very
happy.

But time went on… and the boy grew older. And the tree was often alone. One day the boy
went to the tree who said: “Come boy, come and climb up my trunk, swing from my branches,
eat my mangoes, play in the shade and be happy.” “I am too big to climb and play and I don’t
have money,” said the boy. “If only I can have some money.” “I am sorry,” said the tree, “but I
don’t have money. Go take my mangoes, boy, and sell them to the market. That way, you will
have enough money and you will be happy.” And so the boy gathered all her mangoes and
carried them away. And the tree was happy.

But the boy stayed away for a long time… then one day, the boy came back to the tree who
shook with joy and said: “Come boy and climb up my trunk, swing from my branches, eat my
mangoes, play in the shade and be happy.” “I am too busy to climb trees.” said the boy. “I
want a house to keep me warm.” “I want a wife and children so I need a house. Can you give
me a house?” “I have no house,” said the tree, “the forest is my house, but you may cut-off my
branches and build a house. And so the boy cut-off her branches and carried them away to
build his house. And the tree was happy.

But the boy stayed away for a long time… then one day the boy came back and the tree was
happy that she could speak. “Come, boy,” she whispered, “come and play.” “I am too old to
play.” said the boy. “I want a boat that would take me away from her. Can you give me a
boat?” “Cut down my trunk and make a boat,” said the tree. “Then you can sail away. And the
tree was happy… but not really.

And after a time, the boy came back again. “I am sorry boy,” said the tree. “But I have nothing
left to give you – my mangoes are gone.” “My teeth are too weak for mangoes,” said the boy.
“My branches are gone,” said the tree. “You cannot swing on them.” “I am too old to swing on
branches,” said the boy. “My trunk is gone,” said the tree. “You cannot climb.” “I am too tired

20
to climb,” said the boy. “I am sorry,” sighed the tree. “I wish I could give you something… but I
have nothing left. I am just an old stump. I am sorry.” “I don’t need very much now.” said the
boy, “Just a quiet place to sit and rest. I am very tired.” “Well,” said the tree, straightening
herself up as much as she could, “well, an old stump is good for sitting and resting. Come, boy,
sit down and rest.” And the boy did and the tree was happy.

Activity 1.
Essay
1. How do you relate to the story, “The House of Life” by Andrew Maria to your own life? Site
instances or experiences you had which is similar to the story.
2. How do you relate to the story, “A Chinese Legend” by Benigno Beltran to your own life?
Site instances or experiences you had which is similar to the story.
3. What have you done to contribute something good to your community during this COVID 19?
4. How do your preserve the Filipino culture?

CHAPTER 4
CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:
1. cite popular Filipino values of good citizenship;
2. Understood The Philippine Constitution
3. identified the rights, duties and responsibilities of every Filipino citizen
4. Understood the Volunteer Act of 2007

PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Since June 12, 1898, Proclamation of Independence, there have been a total of
six (6) Philippine Constitution. Below is the evolution of the constitution:
1. Malolos Constitution (1898 – 1901) – First Philippine Constitution; First republican
constitution in Asia

2. Philippine Organic Act of 1902 & Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 (1902 – 1935) - The Phil.
Organic Act of 1902 provided a Philippine Assembly composed of Filipino citizen while the Phil.
Autonomy Act of 1916 included the first pledge of Philippine Independence.

3. Commonwealth and Third Republic/1935 Constitution (1935 – 1943 & 1945 – 1972) – The
United States Congress in 1934 passed the Philippine Independence Act that paved way to the
creation of a constitution for the Philippines. Through the 1934 Constitutional Convention, a
draft of the Constitution for the Philippines was produced. It was ratified through a national
plebiscite on May 14, 1935. In November 15, 1935 with the inauguration of the Commonwealth
of the Philippines, the constitution was fully implemented and enforced. Part of its provision
states that the said constitution will remain in effect once independence was declared on July 4,
1946. In 1940, the National Assembly of the Philippines amended the constitution from having a
unicameral assembly to a bicameral congress and changing the term limit of the president from
six (6) years with no re-election to four (4) years with a possibility of re-election for a second
term. In 1945, the constitution was again observed with the liberation of the country.

4. Japanese-Sponsored Republic/Second Republic/1943 Constitution (1943 – 1945) – The

Japanese-sponsored government nullified the constitution during the World War II. The
government created a Preparatory Committee on Philippine Independence to replace the

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constitution. The new constitution was used by the administration under President Jose P.
Laurel.

5. Martial Law Constitution/1973 Constitution (1973 – 1986) – During the regime of President
Ferdinand Marcos, a Constitutional Convention was formed to amend the 1935 Constitution.
Through the Presidential Decree No. 86, s. 1972 – creation of a citizen assembly to ratify a
drafted constitution by means of a Viva Voce in place of secret ballots, President Marcos
announced the ratification and its effectivity on January 17, 1973. Although there were several
opposition to its ratification, the 1973 Constitution was deemed valid and was enforced.

6. Freedom Constitution/1987 Constitution (1987 – Present) – After Martial Law and the
democracy was restored, President Corazon Aquino issued the suspension of several provision
in the 1973 Constitution and promulgated a transitory constitution through Proclamation No. 3.
The Constitutional Commission was created by Proclamation No. 9, s. 1986 and was tasked to
write a new charter to replace the previous Constitution. The National Plebiscite for the new
Constitution was held on February 2, 1987. Then, on February 11, 1987, by virtue of
Proclamation No. 58 the new constitution was ratified.

PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and
our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime
of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

BILL OF RIGHTS
SEC. 1 No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor
shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
SEC. 2 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable,
and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be
searched and the persons or things to be seized. SEC. 3.1. The privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety
or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.
2. Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for
any purpose in any proceeding.
SEC. 4 No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press,
or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of
grievances.
SEC. 5 No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the
exercise of civil or political rights.
SEC. 6 The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall
not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be
impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be
provided by law.
SEC. 7 The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized.
Access to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions,
or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall
be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

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 SEC. 8 The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to
form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
SEC. 9 Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
SEC. 10 No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
SEC. 11 Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall
not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.
SEC. 12 1. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right
to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.
2. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will
shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar
forms of detention are prohibited.
3. Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.
4. The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions of violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.
SEC. 13 All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient securities, or be
released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired
even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be
required.
SEC. 14 1. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.
2. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to
meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of
witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may
proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified
and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
SEC. 15 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of
invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it.
SEC. 16 All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial,
quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
SEC. 17 No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
SEC. 18 1. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
2. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted.
SEC. 19 1. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving
heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall
be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
2. The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions
shall be dealt with by law.
SEC. 20 No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
SEC. 21 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act
is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar
to another prosecution for the same act.
SEC. 22 No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

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DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO CITIZEN
1. It is the duty of every Filipino to respect, honor and give due accord to his Filipino heritage,
patrimony, values and tradition.
2. It is the duty of every Filipino to contribute to the development, welfare and nation-building
of its country.
3. It is the duty of every Filipino to engage in gainful work to assure himself and his family a life
of worthy of human dignity.
4. Loyalty to the federal republic and national consciousness, aspirations and ideals shall be
asked from every Filipino citizen.
5. Every Filipino citizen is asked to uphold this Constitution, obey the laws of the land, pay taxes
and duties, and to cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in the attainment and
preservation of a just and orderly society.
6. Every Filipino citizen must give due honor to the Philippine flag, National Anthem, Philippine
President and other national symbols and emblems.
7. It is the duty of very Filipino citizen to defend the national territory from aggressive
invaders, protect the sovereignty of its people, and preserve the continuity of a just, human
society and government.
8. It is the duty of every Filipino to report to the proper authorities all plots of terrorism, plans
of rebellion, subversion, or insurrection toward the duly and legally acknowledge government,
and other acts that will compromise the union and sovereignty of the federal republic.
9. It is the obligation of every Filipino, to report corrupt, dishonest or fraudulent government
officials to the proper forum, courts and agencies. A Filipino shall not tempt or bribe
government officials, steal from the coffers of the government, or escape or abandon his lawful
responsibilities.
10. It is the responsibilities of every Filipino to elect officials of government as a means of
demonstrating his personal ideas and aspirations for the motherland. Omission or abstention
from this responsibility may indicate a person’s renunciation of his rights of suffrage. No fine or
inappropriate or excessive penalty shall be asked from him as reparation for his choice not to
vote. People, who lost their social right of suffrage, may reclaim such rights accordance of law.

REPUBLIC ACT 8491 – FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

For the implementation of the Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines, the NSTP
should be guided with the following provisions:
SEC. 2 States that it is the policy of the state to prescribe the Code of the National Flag,
Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and other Heraldic Items and Devices of the Philippines, ensure
the promotion and implementation of its corresponding rules and regulations, and adopt
effective administrative, regulatory, coordinative and supervisory programs and activities, where
appropriate, in conformity with national government policies.
SEC. 4 The Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines will promote or sustain reverence and respect
for the flag, the anthem and other national symbols, and those which symbolizes the national
ideals and traditions.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
These are the terminologies used in these rules:
1. Military – means all the branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the Bureau of Fire
Protection
2. Festoon – to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration
3. National Flag – is the National Flag and Ensign of the Philippines, use on land and sea by
public, private and the military and shall refer to the flag or any other design that resembles it
as likely to cause any person to believe that it is the flag or design stated
4. Fly – is the part of the flag outside the hoist or length

24
5. Symbol – any conventional sign that shows man’s achievement and heroism, identification,
authority and a sign of dignity
6. Half-mast – is the lowering of the flag to the middle of the pole
7. Halyard – the long rope used for raising and lowering the flag
8. Inclement Weather – when there is a typhoon signal raised in a locality
9. National Anthem – the “Lupang Hinirang”, Philippine National Anthem
10. Official Residences – is Malacanang and other government-owned structures where the
President lives, and other structures occupied by the Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad
11. Places of Frivolity – places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment or
recreation
12. Advertisement or Infomercial – these are any information material, printed or through radio,
television and electronic media which seeks to promote individuals, products or services,
political purposes or information campaigns
13. Heraldic Items and Devices – are coat-of-arms, seals, logos, insignia, badges, flashes,
patches, orders and decorations, medals, stars, citations, lapel pins, trophies, dry, wax or wet
seals, and imprints on letterheads, envelops and cards
14. Government Entities – all branches of government, its bureaus and attached agencies,
constitutional offices, government owned and/or controlled corporations, government financial
institutions, state universities and colleges, Armed Forces of the Philippines and its basic units
15. Vexillary Items – national, local house flags or administrative and corporate organization’s
banner

A. HALF-MAST

SEC. 27 The National Flag should be at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all the buildings and
places where it is displayed on the official day of announcement of the death of the following
officials:

a. The President or former President (10 days);

b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the President of the Senate and
the Speaker of the House of Representatives (7 days);
c. Cabinet Secretaries, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Members of the Senate and
House of Representatives, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the
Director-General of the Philippine National Police (5 days);
d. Head of National Government Agencies, including Government Owned and Control
Corporations and Government Financial Institutions (3 days)
e. The Commanding Generals of the Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Army and the Flag
Officer in Command of the Philippine Navy (3 days)
f. Governors, Vice-Governors, city and municipal Mayor, city and municipal Vice Mayors (3 days)
g. Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Sangguniang Panlungsod and Sangguniang
Bayan (on the day of interment)

25
h. Barangay Chairmen and Barangay Councilmen on the day of interment
i. Former National or Local Government Officials, appointive or elective
j. Regional Directors, Superintendents, Supervisors, Principals, Teachers and other school
officials

During calamities and disasters, National Flag shall also be flown at half-mast.
RULE: The flag must be raised to the top of the pole before it is lowered to the half-mast
position; and before it is lowered for the day it must be raised to the top again.

B. CASKET
SEC. 28 The National Flag may be used to cover the caskets of the dead honored men (military,
veterans of previous wars, National Artists and other civilians) who rendered noble service to
our nation. It should not touch the ground but must be folded solemnly and handed it to the
heirs of the deceased. No object must be placed on top of it except for the religious objects that
symbolizes “God above the country”.
RULE: When positioning the flag, the white triangle must be at the head of the casket while the
blue field must cover the right side. To prevent the flag from falling off, a black band may be
wrapped along the side of the casket.

C. PLEDGE TO THE NATIONAL FLAG

SEC. 29 The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the National Flag:

Panunumpa ng Katapatan sa Watawat ng Pilipinas

Ako ay Pilipino
Buong Katapatang nanunumpa

26
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal , Katarungan at Kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang Maka - Diyos Maka - Tao Makakalikasan at Makabansa .

This pledge should be recited right after singing the National Anthem with right palm open and
shoulder raised high.

D. PROHIBITED ACTS
SEC. 39 It is prohibited:
a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on, cast contempt, or commit any act or omission casting
dishonor or ridicule upon the National Flag or over its surface;
b. To dip the National Flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
c..To use National Flag
1. As drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
4. As a staff or whip;
d. To display the National Flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and places of vice or
where frivolity prevails.
e. To wear the National Flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisement, or imprint of any
nature on the National Flag;
g. To print, paint or attach representation of the National Flag on handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushions, and articles of merchandise;
h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments, and in offices of international organizations;
i. To use or display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial; and j. To display the
National Flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

E. NATIONAL ANTHEM

SEC. 40 -41 The National Anthem should be interpreted in accordance with the musical
arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe with its original lyrics and tempo.

LUPANG HINIRANG
Bayang Magiliw Perlas ng Silanganan ,
Alab ng puso Sa Dibdib mo’y buhay .
Lupang Hinirang Duyan ka ng magiting ,
Sa manlulupig . Di ka pasisiil .
Sa dagat at bundok , Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw ,
May dilag ang tula At awit sa paglayang minamahal .
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning
Ang bituin at araw niya , Kailan pa may di magdidilim .
Lupa ng araw , ng luwalhati’t pagsinta ,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo ,
Aming ligaya na pag may mang - aapi ,
Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo .

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F. NATIONAL MOTTO

SEC. 45 The Philippine National Motto is MAKA DIYOS, MAKA TAO, MAKA KALIKASAN AT
MAKABANSA.

G. NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS

SEC. 46 The National Coat-of-Arms shall have: Paleways of two

(2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3)
mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid
argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor and lesser
rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG
PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.

The eight-rayed sun symbolizes the eight provinces (Batangas,

Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and
Tarlac) which were placed under martial law by Governor-
General Ramón Blanco during the Philippine Revolution, and the
three five-pointed stars representing the three primary geographic regions of Luzon, Visayas,
and Mindanao.

H. THE GREAT SEAL

The Great Seal should be in circular form with the same descriptions
with the National Coat-of-Arms but without the scroll and the
inscription “Republika ng Pilipinas”. It should be surrounded by a
double marginal circle which “Republika ng Pilipinas” should appear.
The Great Seal should also bear the National Motto.

I. PENALTIES

Failure or refusal to adhere to the provisions of this act, and/or any violations of these Rules
shall be penalized as stipulated in R.A. 8491.

REPUBLIC ACT 9418 – VOLUNTEER ACT OF 2007 It should be the policy of the state to
promote the participation of the different sectors of the society, international and foreign
volunteer organizations in public and civic affairs, and adopt and strengthen the practice of
volunteerism as an approach in order to reach national development and international
understanding. Every Filipino should be educated of volunteerism to foster social justice,
solidarity and sustainable development.

To achieve attainment, here are the goals and objectives of the policy:
a. To provide the policy framework that shall underscore the fundamental principles necessary
to harmonize the broad and diverse efforts of the voluntary sector,
b. To provide a conducive and enabling environment for the mobilization and nurturance of
volunteers and volunteer organizations,
c. To strengthen the Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA) as an
effective institution to support volunteerism in the country.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Volunteerism – (A) act that involves different activities which includes traditional form of
mutual aid and interventions to provide an enabling and empowering both on the part of the
beneficiary and the volunteer; (B) a powerful means for bringing more people into the fold. It
strengthens civic engagement, safeguards social inclusion, deepens solidarity and solidifies
ownership of development results. It simply is not possible to attain the SDGs without a wide

28
range of people engaged at all stages, at all levels, at all times.
2. Volunteer – an individual or group who contribute time, service and resources whether on
full-time or part-time basis to a just and essential social development cause, mission or
endeavor in the belief that their activity is mutually meaningful and beneficial to public interest
as well as to themselves
3. Volunteer Service Organization – a local or foreign group that recruits, trains, deploys and
supports volunteer workers to programs and projects implemented by them or by other
organizations or any group that provides services and resources, information, capability
building, advocacy and networking for the attainment of the common good
4. Voluntary Sector – those sectors of Philippine society that organizes themselves into
volunteers to take advocacy and action primarily for local and national development as well as
international cooperation and understanding

ROLES AND MODALITIES OF VOLUNTEERISM IN PRIVATE SECTOR

a. Volunteerism in academe encourage academic institutions to continuously devise ways to
effectively teach and practice the value of volunteerism. Such integration provides students with
the volunteering arena by which they can channel their idealism and vigor into something
worthwhile.
b. In corporate sector, volunteerism serves as an expression of corporate social responsibility
and citizenship, which refers to the activities recognized by the company, where give their time,
skills and resources in the service of the company’s internal and/or external communities.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL VOLUNTEER SERVICE COORDINATING AGENCY (PNVSCA)

PNVSCA was created under the Executive Order No. 134 to review and provide policies and
guidelines regarding the national volunteer service program. It establishes and maintains a
national network of volunteer organizations and serves as liaison between and among local.

Recognizing the important contributions of volunteerism in nation-building, the Philippine

National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA) leads the promotion and coordination
volunteer programs and services in the Philippines, to maximize the benefits that may be
derived from volunteer assistance and properly gauge the contributions of volunteers to
national development and international cooperation.

MULTI-SECTORAL ADVISORY BODY (MSAB)

It was created under the Executive Order No. 365 to assist the PNVSCA. It composed of
different government agencies (NEDA, DepED, DFA, DOJ, DILG, DSWD, CHED and PMS) and
representative from the corporate sector, private academe sector and from the not-for-profit
sector.

MSAB functions to provide advice in the formulation of policies and guidelines for the national
volunteer service program, provide consultative and technical advisory services on volunteer
matters, and serves as forum to enhance and strengthen linkages between and among
volunteer groups and communities.

Activity 1:
Explain the following:
1. Republic Act 8491, Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines
2. Half-Mast
3. Eight-rayed sun in the National Flag
4. R.A. 9418
5. National Motto

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 CHAPTER 5
LEADERSHIP

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learners must have:
1. described transformational leadership;
2. identified the characteristics of a leader; and
3. expressed commitment to teamwork.

THE LEADER
A LEADER IS: LEADERSHIP IS:
Someone who acts as a guide; The position of a leader;
A directing head; The quality displayed by a leader;
Someone who leads a body of troops; The act of leading;

HOW TO BECOME A GOOD LEADER?

We often say that some people are good leaders, while others are not. But what is
really our basis for judging one’s capacity for being a good leader? From a follower’s
perspective, good leadership can be attributed on several qualities that a person must have.
These qualities make people comply and passionately follow a leader.

21 INDISPENSABLE QUALITIES OF A LEADER

John C. Maxwell’s book entitled “21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader” defines
essential traits of a leader. This book will help people recognize, develop, and refine the
personal characteristics needed to be a truly effective leader, the kind of leader people want to
follow. The following qualities of a leader taken from his book are as follows:

Leader Qualities # 1 : CHARACTER

The quality of a person’s behavior, as revealed in his habits of thoughts and expressions, his
attitudes and interests, his action and his personal philosophy in life.
Be a piece of the rock. There would always be two paths to choose from: character and
compromise. “Every time a person chooses character, he becomes stronger, even if that choice
brings negative consequences.”

WHAT PEOPLE MUST KNOW ABOUT CHARACTER?

Character is more than talk;
Talent is a gift, but character is a choice;
Character brings lasting success with people;
Leaders cannot rise above the limitations of their character.

CHARACTER CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Search for the cracks. Reflect on the major decisions that you had done in your life as far as
you can remember in terms of letting people down or giving compromises.
2. Look for patterns. From the reflections that you have done, are there particular instances
that kept emerging? These patterns will help you diagnose issues of character.
3. Face the music. It is when you apologize and accept your mistakes that character repairs
begin.
4. Rebuild. You have been brave enough to face your past actions but more courage is needed
to face the future. Let your past actions serve as your guide so as not to commit the same
mistakes in the future.

Leader Qualities # 2: CHARISMA

The first impression can seal the deal.
Special spiritual gift bestowed temporarily by the holy spirit on a group or an individual for

30
the general good of the church
An extraordinary power in a person, group, cause, etc. which takes hold of popular
imagination, wins popular support

TO MAKE YOURSELF THE KIND OF PERSON WHO ATTRACTS OTHERS, YOU NEED TO
PERSONIFY THESE POINTERS:
Love Life;
Put a “10” on every person’s head;
Give people hope;
Share yourself.

CHARISMA CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Change your focus. Always check if your focus during conversation is towards yourself. Learn
how to balance. Recognize the persons who made contributions on the success of a project.
2. Play the first impressions game. When you meet a person for the first time, focus on him.
Remember his name and interests, and give positive comments. Try your best to give a very
good impression.
3. Share yourself. Share your resources to others. Resources come in different ways. Share
what you have: talents, skills and valuable services aside from material things. These are highly
appreciated.

Leader Qualities # 3: COMMITMENT

It separates “doers” from “dreamers”.
Something which engages one to do something, a continuing obligation especially financial
The act of committing, the state of intellectual and emotional adherence to some political,
social, religious theory or action especially the conscious linking of works of literature and art
with such theory of action.

TRUE NATURE OF COMMITMENT

Commitment starts in the heart;
Commitment is tested by action;
Commitment opens the door to achievement.

COMMITMENT CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Measure it. Commitments can be measured through the following: how much time you
devote at work, family, in service, in health and recreation activities, and how much you spend
on living expenses, entertainment, personal development, and giving. Compare how much you
devote and spend on these things. Is it justifiable?
2. Know what’s worth dying for. Answer the question. Write what’s in your thoughts. Match if
your actions are parallel with your ideas.

Leader Qualities # 4: COMMUNICATION

Without it you travel alone.
The act of communicating
Something communicated
A means of sending a message, orders, etc.

YOU CAN BE MORE EFFECTIVE AS A COMMUNICATOR IF YOU FOLLOW FOUR BASIC TRUTHS
Simplify your message;
See the person;
Show the truth;
Seek a response;

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COMMUNICATION CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING
1. Be clear as a bell. Whether in oral or written communication, being brief and concise and
direct simplifies and clarifies thoughts. Simplicity and clarity must be noted to achieve good
communication.
2. Refocus your attention. Different instances require different topics. Don’t make yourself
arrogant. Know the needs and desires of your listener.
3. Live your message. Make sure that you had been understood. Ask questions for clarity.
Accept comments without defensiveness.

Leader Qualities # 5: COMPETENCE

If you build it, they will come.
The state of being competent

TO CULTIVATE COMPETENCE, DO THE FOLLOWING

Show up everyday;
Keep improving;
Follow through with excellence;
Accomplish more than expected;
Inspire others.

COMPETENCE CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Get your head in the game. Devote yourself to your job. Be firm to give a proper amount of
attention. 2. Redefine the standard. When your performance is not consistently at high levels,
evaluate yourself. Define your standards. Make adjustments to fit standards of your job
description.
3. Find three ways to improve. There’s always room for improvement. Assess yourself and make
necessary changes.

Leader Qualities # 6: COURAGE

One person with courage is a majority.
The quality of the mind that enables the person to face difficulty, danger, etc. without fear.

TRUTHS ABOUT COURAGE

Courage begins with an inward battle;
Courage is making things right, not just smoothing them over;
Courage in a leader inspires commitment from followers;
Your life expands in proportion to your courage.

COURAGE CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING:

1. Face the music. Be active. Try muscle-stretching activities. Conquer your fears. Sky dive if
you’re afraid of heights.
2. Talk to that person. Avoiding confrontation does not solve differences. Have the courage to
talk to that person but do it with love.
3. Take a giant step. When everything seems to be monotonous, don’t be afraid to make a
career move. There are more things out there to be enjoyed and to be discovered.

Leader Qualities # 7: DISCERNMENT

Put an end to unsolved mysteries. DISCERN
To perceive by the sight or the intellect
To distinguish mentally

TO MAXIMIZE EFFECTIVENESS OF A LEADER, DO THE FOLLOWING

Discover the root issues;
Enhance your problem solving;

32
 Evaluate your options for maximum impact;
Multiply your opportunities

DISCERNMENT CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Analyze past success. Remember the things you had done to succeed on your goals.
Problems arise on the process of achieving these goals. Solutions that made you succeed can
be used again in the future.
2. Learn how others think. We admire other personalities as leaders. Putting ourselves to think
like leaders who are wise will make us more discerning.
3. Listen to your gut. Your intuition affects your decisions. There are many instances that your
intuition is correct. Find a pattern of your intuitive ability. This pattern will give you imminent
recourse that will affect your decision.

Leader Qualities # 8: FOCUS

The sharper it is, the sharper you are.
A central point of attraction, attention or activity.

GUIDELINES TO FOCUS YOUR TIME AND ENERGY

70% on strength;
25% on new things;
5% on areas of weakness

FOCUS CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Shift to strengths. Identify your strengths and dedicate 70% of your time on it.
2. Staff your weaknesses. Identify your weaknesses and try to improve on them.
3. Create an edge. Since you had identified your strengths and weaknesses, you can proceed to
the next level. Think of the new tools that you need, to go to the next level.

Leader Qualities # 9: GENEROSITY

Your candle loses nothing when it lights another.
GENEROUS
The quality of being generous.
Giving freely.

THE FOLLOWING WILL CULTIVATE THE QUALITY OF GENEROSITY IN YOUR LIFE

Be grateful for whatever you have. Contentment seems to be very ideal. A person cannot
become generous if he is not contented with what he has. There are things that we must be
grateful for and be contended with. Be generous in your own small ways
Put people first. Giving becomes easier when generosity comes in. A leader is measured not
in terms of the number of people who serve him but rather, to the number of people he is
serving
Don’t allow the desire for possessions control you. Let your heart be in charge within you,
not the material things that you possess. There would never be satisfaction if your material
desires are endless. Regard money as a resource. Man has been a slave of money. The only
way to win over money as J. C. Maxwell states is to hold it loosely and be generous with it to
accomplish things of value.
Develop the habit of giving. There is a time when all things come in abundance, and it is also
a time of redistributing it for those in need. For those who don’t have material things to share,
let this saying be their guide: “Richness, I have nothing, but I can help through loving, with my
life worth giving.”

GENEROSITY CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Give something away. There are things that are important to you that can be replaced. Try
giving this to people who will really benefit from it. As they say, giving it anonymously would be

33
better.
2. Put your money to work. Use your money to improve other’s lives. Money as resources can
be put into work to outlive your expectations for better people, community, and world.
3. Find someone to mentor. A time will come when you had reached the peak of your
leadership. It would be good if you have someone whom you would train to be a good leader
like you.

Leader Qualities # 10: INITIATIVE You won’t leave home without it .

An introductory act or step, readiness and the ability in initiating action, one personal,
responsible decision

A LEADER POSSESSES THE FOLLOWING QUALITIES TO MAKE THINGS HAPPEN

They know what they want;
They push themselves to act;
They take more risks;
They make more mistakes.

“Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly” – Sen. Robert Kennedy

INITIATIVE CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Change your mind - set. Resistance comes from within. It is only when you had come out of
your shell that you begin to take the challenge outside.
2. Don’t wait for opportunity to knock. Opportunity does not knock at your door. You know that
you have the potential. Find opportunities. Show and share to the world what you’ve got.
3. Take the next step. When opportunities come, select the best. Now that you have found the
opportunity to share and show the world what you’ve got, work it as far as you can.

Leader Qualities # 11: LISTENING To connect with their hearts, use your ears. LISTEN
To give attention for the purpose of hearing.

KEEP YOUR EARS OPEN TO THE FOLLOWING

Your mentors;
Your followers;
Your customers;
Your competitors.

LISTENING CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Change your schedule. Have time to listen to your mentors, followers, customers, and
competitors.
2. Meet people on their turf. Seek common ground to build rapport with the person you are
talking. Learn something about him so you can talk things of common interests.
3. Listen between the lines. Factual and emotional content of conversation must be given
attention. Listen with your heart.

Leader Qualities # 12: PASSION Take this life and love it. PASSION
Any compelling emotion, strong amorous feeling, strong sexual desire, strong fondness or
enthusiasm

TRUTHS ABOUT PASSION

Passion is the first step to achievement;
Passion increases your willpower;
Passion changes you;
Passion makes the impossible possible.

34
PASSION CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING
1. Take your temperature. Assess the level of desire towards your work and your life. Passion
makes the difference on how you see life.
2. Return to your first love. You are more enthusiastic when doing other things. These are the
things that you had left behind because you have to attend to other obligations. Take
advantage and do these things again to relax and to energize your body.
3. Associate with people of passion. Your environment affects your being. Birds of the same
feather flock together. Having passionate people around gives booster to bring you back on
track.

Leader Qualities # 13: POSITIVE ATTITUDE If you believe you can, you can.

TO BE MORE POSITIVE, THINK OF THE FOLLOWING

Your attitude is a choice; Your attitude determines your actions;
Your people are a mirror of your attitude;
Maintaining a good attitude is easier than regaining one.

POSITIVE ATTITUDE CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Feed yourself the right food. Books about positive attitude are available on book stands. Give
yourself time to read and reflect on it.
2. Achieve a goal every day. Setting an achievable goal every day changes the attitude of a
person. When a pattern of achievement has been observed, a person has the tendency to think
more positively. 3. Write it on your wall. It does not mean that you vandalize your wall. Make a
corner where you can show all your awards and citations. Have your plaques and trophies
displayed on that corner. These will serve as a reminder that you have been doing positive
things in your life and willing to do it over and over again.

Leader Qualities # 14: PROBLEM SOLVING You can’t let your problems be a problem.

FIVE (5) QUALITIES DEMONSTRATED BY A LEADER WITH GOOD PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY
They anticipate problems;
They accept the truth;
They see the big picture;
They handle one thing at a time;
They don’t give up a major goal when they’re down.

PROBLEM SOLVING CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Look for trouble. Don’t avoid problems. Encountering and solving a problem is an experience
that molds and strengthens us to deal with different situations and difficult circumstances.
2. Develop a method.

TEACH method for problem solving according to J.C. Maxwell:

Time spend time to discover the real issue. Exposure find out what others have done.
Assistance have your team study all angles. Creativity brainstorm multiple solutions. Hit it
implement the best solution.

3. Surround yourself with problem solvers.

Be with persons who are good at problem-solving. They will complement your weaknesses and
teach you on how to deal with them.

Leader Qualities # 15: RELATIONSHIPS If you get along, they’ll go along. The state or fact of
being related.

TO CULTIVATE GOOD RELATIONSHIPS, IT REQUIRES THE FOLLOWING

Have a leader’s head – understand people;

35
 Have a leader’s heart – love people;
Extend a leader’s hand – help people.

RELATIONSHIPS CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Improve your mind. Be mature enough and widen your understanding. Allot some time to
observe and talk to people and try your best to understand them.
2. Strengthen your heart. Show them that you care. Show your feelings and act your way out.
3. Repair a hurting relationship. Rebuild, reconcile and reconnect relationships that had
crumbled even though it has happened several years ago. Learn to forgive and apologize. Try
to be more loving and understanding to people whom you had disagreement before.

Leader Qualities # 16 : RESPONSIBILITY If you won’t carry the ball, you can’t lead the team
RESPONSIBLE
The state or fact of being responsible
A person or thing for which one is responsible
Involves duties or obligations
Accountable, as for something within one’s power

THE ONE WHO EMBRACES RESPONSIBILITY HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS

They get the job done;
They are willing to go the extra mile;
They are driven by excellence;
They produce regardless of the situation

RESPONSIBILITY CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Keep hanging in there. When everything seems to crumble, stop for a while then think and
find ways to succeed. Be creative in finding ways to keep you on the right track.
2. Admit what’s not good enough. Failing depends on standards that must be met. Reset your
standards to a higher level. The standards that you have been following might not be as good
as it may seem as it was, compared to this time.
3. Find better tool. It seems that things are not falling on their right places even though your
standards are high, you have good attitude and you had been working hard consistently.
Consider the tools that you are using. It’s time to update your materials and further develop
your skills. Read books.

Leader Qualities # 17: SECURITY Competence never compensates for insecurity.

Freedom from danger or risk
Freedom from care, anxiety or doubt
Something that protects and shelters

COMMON TRAITS OF INSECURE LEADERS

They don’t provide security to others;
They take more from people than they give;
They continually limit their best people;
They continually limit the organization

SECURITY CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Know yourself. Gather information about yourself from people you know. Let them assess
you as a person. Don’t be defensive and reactive on their assessment. Reflect and make some
necessary improvements.
2. Give away the credit. Lift the morale of your team. Recognize their contributions. This will
improve the organization.
3. Get some help. Seek professional help if you cannot fight insecurities on your own. Be honest
with yourself.

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Leader Qualities # 18: SELF – DISCIPLINE The first person you lead is you.

ACTION POINTS TO FOLLOW:

Develop and follow your priorities;
Make a disciplined lifestyle your goal;
Challenge your excuses;
Remove rewards until the job is done;
Stay focused on results

SELF – DISCIPLINE CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING:

1. Sort out your priorities. Identify the areas in your life that are important to you. Develop a
plan where you can practice self – discipline so that you can improve those areas.
2. List the reasons. Make a list why self – discipline is important and beneficial to you. Let this
be your reminder to achieving your priorities.
3. Get rid of excuses. Dismiss all excuses that arise in order for you to achieve your goals.
Always think of the benefits that you will harvest and the consequences you might encounter
when having a lot of excuses.

Leader Qualities # 19: SERVANTHOOD To get ahead, put others first.

A TRUE SERVANT LEADER EMBODIES THE FOLLOWING

Puts others ahead of his own agenda;
Possesses the confidence to serve;
Initiates service to others;
Is not position-conscious;
Serves out of love.

SERVANTHOOD CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Perform small acts. Perform small acts of kindness to others. Show them that you care.
Others greatly appreciate small things beneficial to them.
2. Learn to walk slowly through the crowd. Try to connect as much as many people in the
crowd. Approach them and say hello. Be updated on what keeps them busy.
3. Move into action. Learn how to serve. You can start with your family, your church and then
with your community.

Leader Qualities # 20: TEACHABILITY To keep leading, keep learning.

GUIDELINES TO HELP CULTIVATE AND MAINTAIN TEACHABLE ATTITUDE

Cure your destination disease;
Overcome your success;
Swear off shortcuts;
Trade in your pride;
Never pay the same price for the same mistake.

TEACHABILITY CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Observe how you react to mistakes. Everybody commit mistakes. How do we react to our
own mistakes? Ask someone close to you on how you react when you commit mistakes. Do we
ask apology or are we defensive when we commit one? Accept your mistakes and learn from it.
2. Try something new. Always open your world for challenges. Try things that need mental,
emotional and physical activities.
3. Learn in your area of strength. There is always room for improvement. New things are being
discovered every now and then. Read books, update yourself and get a harder grip on your
field.

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Leader Qualities # 21: VISION You can seize only what you can see.
The act or power of seeing
A vivid imaginative conception

THINGS TO BE UNDERSTOOD TO HANDLE VISION

Vision starts within;
Vision draws in your history;
Vision meets other’s needs;
Vision helps you gather resources.

VISION CAN BE IMPROVED BY DOING THE FOLLOWING

1. Measure yourself. Ask the opinions of people around you regarding your vision. If your vision
is coherent then you’re living your life with your vision.
2. Write it down. Writing clarifies thinking. Put your vision into writing and evaluate it every now
and then. If your vision will make you achieve your best, then do everything possible to pursue
it.
3. Do a gut check. Check your gut level by answering the following questions: What makes you
cry? What makes you dream? What gives you energy?

Your answer on the above questions has great impact on your gut level. Reflect and deal with
it.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Adopted from: Olga Epitropaki (O . Epitropaki@sheffield . ac . uk) Institute of Work Psychology
University of Sheffield Sheffield S 10 2 TN England

Transformational leadership is a form of leadership that occurs when leaders “broaden and
elevate the interests of their employees, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the
purposes and the mission of the group and when they stir their employees to look beyond their
own self-interest for the good of the group” (Bernard Bass 1990).

Transformational leaders have a clear collective vision and most importantly they manage to
communicate it effectively to all employees. By acting as role models, they inspire employees to
put the good of the whole organization above self-interest. They also stimulate employees to be
more innovative, and they themselves take personal risks and are not afraid to use
unconventional (but ethical) methods in order to achieve the collective vision.

This form of leadership goes beyond traditional forms of transactional leadership that
emphasized corrective action, mutual exchanges and rewards only when performance
expectations were met. Transactional leadership relied mainly on centralized control. Managers
controlled most activities, telling each person what, when and how to do each task.
Transformational leaders, on the other hand, trust their subordinates and leave them space to
breathe and grow. In that respect, transformational is a more developmental and constructive
form of leadership for both individual employees and the organization as a whole.

WHY IS TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IMPORTANT FOR ORGANIZATIONAL

FUNCTIONING? Numerous studies have shown that transformational leadership:
Significantly increases organizational performance;
Is positively linked with long term market share and customer satisfaction;
Generates higher commitment to the organization from their employees;
Increases employee trust in management and organizational citizenship behaviors (extra-role
work related behaviors such as conscientiousness, unselfishness and sportsmanship that are
unrestricted, not related to the formal reward system of the organization);

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 Enhances employee satisfaction with both their job and the leader;
Reduces employee stress and increases well-being.

HOW DO TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS BEHAVE?

Transformational leaders:
Articulate a compelling vision of the future;
Use stories and symbols to communicate their vision and message;
Specify the importance of having a strong sense of purpose and a collective mission;
Talk optimistically and enthusiastically and express confidence that goals will be achieved;
Engender the trust and respect of their followers by doing the right thing rather that doing
things right;
Instill pride in employees for being associated with them;
Talk about their most important values and beliefs;
Consider the moral and ethical consequences of decisions;
Seek different perspectives when solving problems;
Get employees to challenge old assumptions and to think about problems in new ways;
Spend time teaching and coaching;
Consider each individual employee’s different needs, abilities and aspirations;
Are compassionate, appreciative and responsive to each employee and recognize and
celebrate each employee’s achievements.

FOUR COMPONENTS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

(Bass, 1985 , 1998 , Bass & Aviolo , 1993 )

1. Charisma- If the leadership is transformational, its charisma or idealized influence is

envisioning, confident, and sets high standards to be followed.

2. Inspirational motivation- If the leadership is transformational, its inspirational motivation

provides followers with challenges and meaning for engaging in shared goals and undertakings.

3. Intellectual stimulation- If the leadership is transformational, its intellectual stimulation helps

followers to question assumptions and to generate more creative solutions to problems.

4. Individualized consideration- If the leadership is transformational, its individualized

consideration treats each follower as an individual and provides coaching, mentoring and
growth opportunities

If such transformational leadership is authentic, it is characterized by high moral and ethical

standards in each of the above dimensions.

SEVEN HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE

In Stephen Covey’s Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, he wrote about ways in which
people can be productive. The seven habits of highly effective people are as follows:

Habit # 1: BE PROACTIVE
Proactive means “the ability to choose the response.” We have the ability to choose between
right and wrong. But it must be taken into account that we must be responsible enough for
whatever consequences our actions may lead to. Use your creativity and initiatives. You are the
one in charge.

Habit # 2: BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND

Where do we go from here? Know where you want to go. In making plans and decisions, see to
it that the time and efforts that will be spent and utilized conforms to what we want to achieve.
Use your ability to envision. This is where I want to go and these are the things that must be
done to lead me to that direction.

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Habit # 3: PUT FIRST THINGS FIRST
Practice self-management. Know your priorities.

Habit # 4: THINK WIN-WIN This concerns mutual benefit. Putting both parties on favorable
situation.

Habit # 5: SEEK FIRST TO UNDERSTAND… THEN TO BE UNDERSTOOD

As the saying goes, “The best way to understand is to listen.” The practice of empathy governs
this habit. It is about putting ourselves on the shoes of the other person. Based on the person’s
explanation, we ought to evaluate, probe, advise and interpret as a way of responding to the
person’s feelings.

Habit # 6: SYNERGIZE
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. More tasks will be done if we utilize all the
things that we have. Even though your contribution is that small, if everybody will do their part,
things will go on smoothly.

Habit # 7: SHARPEN THE SAW

What we had learned a couple of years back will become outdated. Many things evolve and
develop so fast, that there is a need to update ourselves through various food-for-the brain
resources.

Activity 1:
Essay:

1. When was the last time you demonstrated your leadership skills?
2. Are you able to delegate responsibilities as a leader?
3. What values are most important to you as a leader?

Activity 2:
Look for a leadership quote and explain. Site related experiences.

MIDTERM EXAM

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