STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE (SPP) Space Planning

ON PRE-DESIGN SERVICES 201 - Space planning is done mainly through primary data
gathering such as interviews, consultations, interfaces, focus
(PART OF THE IRR OF R.A. NO. 9266) group discussions (FGDs), space planning surveys, space
audits, etc. and subsequent analyses i.e. spatial layouts with
SCOPE OF PRE-DESIGN SERVICES
stacking concepts, particularly for multi-storey structures.
Pre- Design Services
Space Management Studies
- cover a broad line of architectural services ranging
- An analysis of the space requirements of the project
from initial problem identification to activities that would allow the
based on organizational structure and functional set-up
Architect to initially conceptualize an array of architectural and
pinpoints linkages and interaction of spaces. The formulation of
allied solutions.
the space program will serve as the basis for the development
- nominally include consultation, pre-feasibility studies, of the architectural plan / design.
feasibility studies, site selection and analysis, site utilization and
Value Management
land-use studies etc.
- This technique is applied in the cost management
CONSULTATION
process to minimize the negative effect of simplified operations
- When a Client calls upon the Architect to give oral or associated with many cost-reduction programs. The goal of
written advice and direction, to attend conferences, to make value management is to achieve an unimpaired program at
evaluations and appraisals regarding a contemplated project minimum cost.
and similar activities, the Architect renders valuable inputs
Thus, a plan, design or system that has been successfully value-
whether or not the Client pursues the project.
managed will still satisfy the same performance criteria as the
Pre-Feasibility Studies costlier alternatives.

- These preliminary studies involve the procurement, Design Brief Preparation

analysis and use of secondary information gathered for the
- Under design brief preparation, the Architect states
project to aid the Client in early decision-making.
the project terms of reference (ToR) including the concept,
Feasibility Studies objectives and other necessary requirements to bid out
architectural services (whether public or private).
- Detailed analysis of the project based on pre-
feasibility studies will determine the viability of a proposed Promotional Services
development. The studies will set the project against present
- Projects may require promotional activities in order to
and future trends to forecast how it will perform over time. This
develop and generate financial support and acceptance from
requires primary data gathering and analysis.
governing agencies or from the general public. In such cases,
Site Selection and Analysis the Architect can act as the agent of the Owner by producing
and coordinating the additional activities necessary to complete
- This entails the formulation of site criteria, assistance the services. In all such activities, the Architect must maintain
to the Client in site evaluation as well as analysis to determine his professional status as the representative of the Owner.
the most appropriate site/s for a proposed project or building
program. MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES

Site Utilization and Land-Use Studies 3.1 After the initial meeting / conversation / correspondence with
the Client, the Architect must submit his proposal for pre-design
- The detailed analysis of the site involves the services, stating the following:
identification of a site’s development potentials through the
proper utilization of land. The analysis covers the context of the Scope of Work
site as well as that of its surrounding environment and the
Manner of Payment
development controls that apply to the site and its environs.
Owner’s Responsibilities
Architectural Research
Other Conditions of Services
-Architectural research entails the conduct of primary
and secondary researches and assembled facts used as basis 3.2 The Architect can render services in any of the following
for conclusion. ways:
Architectural Programming As an individual Architect he must have special training and be
knowledgeable in different fields to supplement his skills.
- It incorporates a space program with
characterizations of the envisioned spaces such as ambiance, 3.2.2 Architect’s Own Staff
cost range, etc.

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It is possible for Architects (as natural persons) working in a 1.2.2 The Architect’s work starts at the inception of the project
single firm to specialize in a variety of ways. Many when the Owner outlines his requirements to the Architect. The
work covers the various aspects of the project, from analysis and
Architects and firms (juridical persons) specialize without losing study of the needs and requirements, to the preparation of the
the generalist approach of the Architect or firm. necessary instruments of service, and finally to the supervision
during project implementation. It ends only when the general
3.2.3 By Association, Consultation or Networking
contractor or builder turns over the completed project to the
Another common practice is consultation between an Architect Owner.
and a firm of other disciplines, under the extended terms of the
SCOPE OF SERVICES
Owner-Architect Agreement.
2.1 Project Definition Phase
STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE (SPP)
This phase involves the definition of the requirements of the
ON REGULAR DESIGN SERVICES SPP 202
project by the Owner.
1.1 Applicability of this Document
The Architect in turn informs the Owner of the technical
While these implementing rules and regulations specifically refer requirements of the project and the concomitant professional
to the “individual” professional practice of the Architect as a fees. In this phase, the Architect:
natural person, the same may also apply to the Architect’s
2.1.1. consults with the Owner to ascertain the conceptual
“group practice” as part of a juridical entity i.e. as a DTI-
framework and related requirements of the project and confirms
registered sole proprietorship or as a SEC-registered
such requirements with him.
partnership or corporation, subject to full compliances with Sec.
37 of R.A. No. 9266 (The Architecture Act of 2004) and its 2.1.2. gathers relevant information and data leading to the
implementing rules and regulations and derivative regulations definition of the requirements of the project, including the scope
including resolutions of the Board and the Commission. of the Architect’s services.
1.1.2 Foreign Architects offering services under this service are 2.1.3. reviews and refines the owner’s space requirements and
subject to full compliances with Sec. 38 of R.A. No. 9266 and its translates them into an architectural program.
implementing rules and regulations (including resolutions of the
Board which calls for a “local counterpart Architect” for any 2.1.4. 2.3 Design Development Phase
foreign architect) and other periodic issuances of the Board and
the Commission as well as procedures/requirements of the Based on approved schematics and conceptual plans, the
Department of Labor and Employment and the Bureau of Architect prepares:
Immigration and Deportation governing such foreign architects.
2.3.1 the Design Development documents consisting of plans,
Therefore, a foreign architect practicing architecture in the
elevations, sections and other drawings,
Philippines for projects on Philippine soil must first secure a
Temporary/ Special Permit (TSP) and a work permit from the Contract Document Phase
Department of Labor and Employment (DoLE) and must work in
collaboration with a local counterpart Architect who is a Based on the approved Design Development Documents, the
Registered and Licensed Architect (RLA) under Philippine law. Architect:

1.1.3 Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Knowledge Complete Contract Documents consisting of detailed designs
Process Outsourcing (KPO) firms which have been DTI- or SEC- and construction drawings, setting forth in detail the work
registered in the Philippines to provide services for overseas required for the architectural, structural, electrical, plumbing/
clients are not authorized to provide architectural services for sanitary, mechanical, electronic and communication works
projects located on Philippine soil unless they are PRC- prepared by the Architect and the respective professionals
registered architectural firms satisfying Sec. 37 of R.A. No. 9266 involved.
and its implementing rules and regulations (IRR) and its
Technical Specifications describing type and quality of
derivative regulations including resolutions of the Board and
materials, finish, manner of constructionand the general
other periodic issuances of the Board and the Commission.
conditions under which the project is to be constructed.
1.1.4 The Architect’s outputs described / listed under this SPP
Submits to the Owner seven (7) sets of all construction drawings
may be expanded or increased depending on the requirements
and technical specifications for purposes of obtaining a building
of the project or the Architect’s experience, capabilities and
permit.
specialization/s.
Updates the SPPCC based on changes in scope, requirements
1.2 Regular Design Services of an Architect
or market conditions.
1.2.1 In regular practice, the Architect acts as the Owner’s/
Assists the Owner in filing the required documents to secure
Client's/ Proponent’s Adviser and/or Representative. He
approval of government authorities having jurisdiction over the
translates the Owner's needs and requirements to spaces and
design of the Project.prepares an initial statement of probable
forms in the best manner of professional service.
construction cost.

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2.2 Schematic Design Phase 4.1 Group 1: Buildings of the simplest utilization and character
which shall include but not be limited to the following:
This phase consists of the preparation of schematic
design studies derived from the Project Definition Phase, Armories
leading to conceptual plans.
Packaging and Processing Plants
The Bid Documents are the intellectual property of the Architect
Bakeries
(Sec. 33 of R.A. No. 9266), and must be returned by all entities
acquiring bid documents. A bond may be required to assure the Parking Structures
return of the Bid Documents. The Architect retains the sole
ownership and copyright to the said documents (Sec. 33 of R.A. Habitable Agricultural Buildings
No. 9266). As such, bidders must not reproduce nor use the
Printing Plants
documents for unauthorized purposes. The Owner also must not
use the documents for any other purpose other than the project Freight Facilities
for which the Owner and Architect signed an agreement.
Public Markets
2.6 Construction Phase
Hangars
In this phase, the Architect performs the following:
Service Garages
2.6.1 makes decisions on all claims of the Owner and
Industrial Buildings
Contractors on all matters relating to the execution and progress
of work or the interpretation of the Contract Documents. Simple Loft-Type Buildings
2.6.2 prepares change orders, gathers and turns over to the Manufacturing / Industrial Plants
Owner written guarantees required of the Contractor and Sub-
Contractors. Warehouses

2.6.3 makes periodic visits to the project site to familiarize Other similar utilization type buildings
himself with the general progress and quality of work and to Group 2: Buildings of moderate complexity of plan / design
ascertain that the work is proceeding in accordance with the which shall include but not be limited to the following:
Contract Documents.
Art Galleries
2.6.4 determines the amount owing and due to the Contractor
and issues corresponding Certificates for Payment for such Office Buildings / Office Condominium
amounts based on his observations and the Contractor's
Banks, Exchange and other Buildings
Applications for Payment.
Park, Playground and Open-Air
2.6.5 Should more extensive inspection or full-time (8-hour)
construction supervision be required by the Client, a separate Financial Institutions
full-time supervisor shall be hired and agreed upon by the Owner
and the Architect subject to the conditions provided in the SPP Recreational Facilities
Document on Full -Time Supervision. Bowlodromes
MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES Residential Condominiums
There are two ways by which the Architect may enter into Call Centers
contract with the Owner as the Lead Professional working with
other professionals in the engineering and allied professions: Police Stations

3.1 with a single contract between the Architect and Owner, and Churches and Religious Facilities
sub-consultancy contracts between the Architect and the other
Postal Facilities
professionals working with the Architect.
City/Town Halls & Civic Centers
3.2 with the Architect and the engineering and allied
professionals executing separate contracts with the Owner. Private Clubs

PROJECT CLASSIFICATION College Buildings

Professional architectural work is classified in Publishing Plants

accordance with the degree of complexity and the creative skill
Convents, Monasteries & Seminaries
required to meet the requirements of the Client within technical,
functional, economic and aesthetic constraints. Based on these Race Tracks
groupings, the corresponding scale of charges shall be
prescribed in the Architect’s Guidelines to determine the fair Correctional & Detention Facilities
remuneration to the Architect.
Restaurants/Fast-food Stores
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Court Houses/Halls of Justice Hotels

Retail / Wholesale Stores Theaters & Similar Facilities

Dormitories Laboratories/ Testing Facilities

Schools Transportation Facilities & Systems

Exhibition Halls & Display Structures Marinas and Resort Complexes

Serviced Apartments Veterinary Hospitals

Fire Stations Medical Arts Offices & Clinics

Shopping Centers Other buildings of similar nature or use

Laundries & Cleaning Facilities 4.4 Group 4: Residences (single-detached, single-attached or

duplex; row-houses or shop-houses), small apartment houses
Showrooms / Service Centers and townhouses
Libraries 4.5 Group 5: Monumental buildings and other facilities:
Specialty Shops Exposition & Fair Buildings Museums
Malls / Mall Complexes Mausoleums, Memorials, & Monuments
Supermarkets / Hyper-marts Specialized decorative buildings
Motels & Apartelles Buildings of similar nature or use
Welfare Buildings 4.6 Group 6: Projects where the plan / design and related
Contract Documents are re-used for the repetitive construction
Multi-storey Apartments
of similar buildings without amending the drawing and the
Mixed Use Buildings specifications

Nursing Homes 4.7 Group 7: Housing Project involving the construction of

several residential units on a single site with the use of one (1)
Other buildings of similar nature or use set of plans/design, specifications and related documents

4.8 Group 8: Projects involving extensive detail such as designs

for built-in components or elements, built-in equipment, special
4.3 Group 3: Buildings of exceptional character and complexity fittings, screens, counters, architectural interiors (AI), and
of plan / design which shall include but not be limited to the development planning and/or design
following:
4.9 Group 9: Alterations, renovations, rehabilitations, retrofit and
Airports / Wet & Dry Ports & Terminals expansion / additions to existing buildings belonging to Groups
1 to 5
Mental Institutions
4.10 Group 10: The Architect is engaged to render opinion or
Aquariums give advice, clarifications or explanation on technical matters
Mortuaries pertaining to architectural works.

Auditoriums METHOD OF COMPENSATION

Nuclear Facilities Breweries The Architect’s compensation is based on the Architect’s /

architectural firm’s talents, skill, experience, imagination, and on
Observatories the type and level of professional services provided.
Compensation for Regular Design Services may be based on
Cold Storage Facilities one or more of the following:

Public Health Centers 5.1 Percentage (%) of Project Construction Cost (PCC) The
Architect’s Fee based on the PPC shall be detailed in the
Convention Facilities Architect’s Guidelines.
Research Facilities 5.2 Multiple of Direct Personnel Expenses
Gymnasiums This cost-based method of compensation is applicable only to
non-creative work such as accounting, secretarial, research,
Stadia
data gathering, preparation of reports and the like. This method
Hospitals & Medical Buildings of compensation is based on technical hours spent and does not
account form creative work since the value of creative design
Telecommunication Buildings cannot be measured by the length of time the designer has spent
4
on his work. The computation is made by adding all costs of 5.5.3 conferring with others regarding prospective investments
technical services (man hours x rate) and then multiplying it by or ventures and the like.
a multiplier to cover overhead and profit.
For these particular activities, the Architect as agent of the
The multiplier ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 depending on the office set- Owner may be paid on a per diem and honorarium basis plus
up, overhead and experience of the Architect and the complexity out-of-pocket expenses such as but not limited to travel,
of the Project. Other items such as cost of transportation, living accommodations and subsistence.
and housing allowances of foreign consultants, out-of-town
living and housing allowances of the local consultants and the 5.6 Mixed Methods of Compensation
like, are all to be charged to the Client. At the start of the
The SPP provides for more than one method of compensation
commission, the Architect shall make known to the Client the
on a project. Each project should be examined to determine the
rate of professionals and personnel who will be assigned to the
most appropriate method of compensation.
Project and the multiplier that has to be applied before agreeing
on this method of compensation. OTHER CONDITIONS ON SERVICES
FORMULA: 7.1 Conditions for the Architect’s Fee
Let: A = architect’s rate per hour The Architect’s Fee is based on the Project Construction Cost.
Where the Architect has to render additional services, additional
C = consultant’s rate per hour
compensation shall be required.
t = Rate per hour of Technical Staff, Researchers and others
7.2 Other Services
involved in the Project
Other services that may be needed in order to complete the
AN = No. of hours spent by Architect
project such as services of acoustic and illumination engineers /
CN = No. of hours spent by Consultants specialists, mural painters, sculptors, and other service
providers are to be recommended by the Architect for the
TN = No. of hours spent Technical Staff Owner’s approval. Costs for these services are to be paid for
separately by the Owner and shall be subject to a coordination
M = Multiplier to account for overhead and reasonable profit. The fee payable to the Architect
value may range from 1.5 to 2.5 depending on the set-up of the
Architect’s office and the complexity of the Project. 7.3 Scale Models, 3D Models and Walk-Thru Presentations

R = Reimbursable expenses such as transportation, housing Should a scale model, 3D models and/or walk-thru presentation
and living allowance of consultant, transportation, per diem, of the architect’s design be necessary, they are to be
housing and living allowance of local consultants and technical recommended by the Architect for the Owner’s approval. Costs
staff if assigned to places over 100km from area of operation of for these services are to be paid for separately by the Owner
the Architect. and shall be subject to a coordination fee payable to the
Architect.
Cost of printing of extra set of drawings, reports, maps, contract
documents, etc. over the seven 7.4 Per Diem and Traveling Expenses

(7) copies submitted to the Client, overseas and long distance A per diem plus traveling and living expenses shall be
calls, technical and laboratory tests, licenses, fees, taxes and chargeable to the Owner whenever the Architect or his duly
similar cost items needed by the Project. authorized representative is required to perform services at a
locality beyond 50.0 kilometers (air, straight line or radial
5.3 Professional Fee Plus Expenses distance) from his established office as it appears in the
Architect’s letterhead.
This method of compensation is frequently used where there is
continuing relationship involving a series of Projects. It 7.5 Extra Sets of Contract Documents
establishes a fixed sum over and above the reimbursement for
the Architect’s technical time and overhead. An agreement on The Owner shall pay the Architect for additional sets of Contract
the general scope of the work is necessary in order to set an Documents.
equitable fee.
7.6 Change/s Ordered by the Owner
5.4 Lump Sum or Fixed Fee
If the Architect renders additional professional services due to
This method may be applied to government projects since they changes ordered by the Owner after approval of the Architect’s
entail more paper work and time-consuming efforts. outputs, the Owner shall pay the Architect for extra time,
resources/ drafting, or other office expenses.
5.5 Per Diem, Honorarium Plus Reimbursable Expenses
7.7 Work Suspended or Abandoned
In some cases a Client may request an Architect to do work
which will require his personal time such as: If the work of the Architect is abandoned or suspended in whole
or in part, the Owner shall pay the Architect for the services
5.5.1 attending project-related meetings, conferences or trips; rendered corresponding to the amount due at the stage of
suspension or abandonment of the work.
5.5.2 conducting ocular inspection of possible project sites; and
7.8 Different Periods of Construction

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If portions of the building/s are erected at different periods of 7.17 Project Construction Cost (PCC)
time, thus increasing the construction period and Architect’s
burden of services, charges pertaining to services rendered Project Construction Cost (PCC) as herein referred to, means
during the Construction Phase shall be adjusted proportionately. the cost of the completed building to the Owner, including the
When the suspension of construction exceeds a period of six (6) structure, plumbing/sanitary and electrical fixtures, mechanical
months, the fee for the remaining works shall be doubled.7.9 equipment, elevators, escalators, air-conditioning system, fire
Services of Specialist Consultants protection system, alarm and clock system, communications
and electronic system, elements attached to the building and all
7.10 Separate Services items indicated in the plans, designs, drawings and
specifications prepared by the Architect and his consultants.
Should the Owner require the Architect to design movable or
fixed pieces of cabinets and other architectural interior (AI) 7.18 Project Development Cost
elements, site development plan (SDP) components, urban
design elements, and other items of similar nature, the Owner Project Development Cost shall include cost of the construction
shall pay the Architect in addition to the Architect’s fee. The as well as all professional fees, permits, clearances and utilities
compensation shall be based on the Project Construction Cost and cost of acquiring the project site / lot, cost of money, etc.
as provided for under SPP Document 203.
SPECIALIZED ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
7.11 Fulltime Construction Supervision
SPP NO. 203
Upon recommendation of the Architect and with the approval of
1.1 Time and technology have evolved to a level where
the Owner, full-time construction supervisors as will be deemed
specialized architectural services are needed to complete,
necessary shall be engaged and paid by the Owner. If no
complement or supplement the necessary work for the totality of
Project/Construction Manager is present, the full-time
a project
construction supervisor shall be under the technical control and
supervision of the Architect and shall make periodic reports to 1.2 Apart from the legal definition/s supplied under R.A. No.
the Owner and to the Architect regarding the progress and 9266, Architecture may also be defined as the blending of
quality of the work done. aesthetics, functions, space, materials and its environment
resulting from the application of various technologies and skills
7.12 Estimates
in different fields.
Any SPPCC or any Cost Estimate submitted by the Architect can
The architectural plan and design of the building properly
attain only a certain degree of accuracy. As the Architect has no
falls under the Architect’s Regular Design Services (SPP
control over the cost of labor and materials, or the many factors
Document No. 202).
that go into competitive bidding, he does not assume any
professional responsibility for such cost estimates, unless Design services needed within and outside the building which
glaring errors or discrepancies are clearly evident. fall under Specialized Architectural Services as listed under the
pertinent provisions of R.A. No. 9266 and its 2004 IRR, include
7.13 Government Taxes and Services
but are not limited to the following:
The Architect’s Fee is a net amount. Any tax (exclusive of
1.6.1 Architectural Interiors (AI)
income tax) that the national and/or local government/s may
impose on the Architect as a consequence of the services 1.6.2 Acoustic Design
performed for the project shall be paid by the Owner.
1.6.3 Architectural Lighting Layout and Design
7.14 Ownership of Documents
1.6.4 Site Development Planning (SDP)
All designs, drawings, models, specifications and other contract
documents and copies thereof, prepared, duly signed, stamped 1.6.5 Site and Physical Planning Services (including Master
and sealed and furnished as instruments of service, are the Development Planning, Subdivision Planning and Urban
intellectual property and documents of the Architect, whether the Design)
work for which they were made is executed or not, and are not
to be reproduced or used on other work except with a written 1.6.6 Comprehensive Development Planning
agreement with the Architect (Sec. 33 of R.A. No. 9266)
1.6.7 Historic and Cultural Heritage Conservation and Planning
7.15 Cost Records
1.6.8 Security Evaluation and Planning
During the progress of work, the Owner shall furnish the
Architect a copy of the records of expenses being incurred on 1.6.9 Building Systems Design
the construction. Upon completion of the project, the Owner 1.6.10 Facilities Maintenance Support
shall furnish the Architect a copy of the summary of all cost of
labor, services, materials, equipment, fixtures and all items used 1.6.11 Building Testing and Commissioning
at and for the completion of the construction.
1.6.12 Building Environmental Certification
7.16 Design and Placement of Signs
1.6.13 Forensic Architecture
All signboards of the General Contractor, sub-contractors,
jobbers and dealers that shall be placed at the project site during 1.6.14 Building Appraisal
the progress of construction shall be approved by the Architect
as to size, design and contents. 1.6.15 Structural Conceptualization
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1.6.16 Preliminary Services pieces/ systems, equipment, furnishings, built-ins, fixtures,
signages and graphic devices, etc.
1.6.17 Contract Documentation and Review
2.3.3 assists the Client in conducting bids or negotiations with
1.6.18 Post-Design Services (including Construction General Contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers of building
Management Services) materials, furniture, equipment, fixtures, etc.
1.6.19 Dispute Avoidance and Resolution 2.3.4 checks and approves samples of materials and shop
drawings of AI components.
1.6.20 Architectural Research Methods
2.3.5 reviews and approves billings of AI components.
1.6.21 Special Building / Facility Planning and Design
2.3.6 conducts final inspection and approves installed AI
1.6.22 Building Components
components and related items.
1.6.23 Management of Architectural Practices 4. METHOD OF COMPENSATION
1.7 The term Consulting Architect (CA) shall refer only to a RLA
4.1 For projects involving extensive detailing of AI components
who may also be a separately Registered and Licensed
such as custom floor, wall, ceiling construction and finishes,
Professional (RLP) i.e. a natural person under Philippine law
cabinet design, built-in components, equipment and special
and jurisprudence with a valid certificate of registration and a
fittings, the Architect’s Fee shall be a percentage of the cost of
valid professional identification card (representing the
the AI work. This excludes the fee of any Engineering and / or
renewable license) for the lawful practice of one or more State-
Specialist Consultants (SCs) working with the Architect.
regulated profession other than architecture.
4.2 Should the Client separately hire the services of Specialist
1.8 For this SPP, the term Architect refers to the Consulting
Consultants (SCs), their professional fee shall be for the account
Architect (CA) who may be the holder of a valid Specialist
of the Client.
Certificate that may be issued by the Board and/or the
Commission, upon due qualification or accreditation by the 4.3 For this Specialized Service, the payment of the Architect’s
IAPoA 203.1 services shall be as stated in the Architect’s Guidelines

03.2 ACOUSTIC DESIGN SERVICES

ARCHITECTURAL INTERIOR (AI) SERVICES 1.1 Acoustic design services involves the detailed planning and
design to control sound transmission for compatibility with the
1.1 Architectural Interiors (AI), specifically mentioned under
architectural design concept.
Secs. 3 (4) (g) and 14 (3) of R.A. No.9266, involves the detailed
planning and design of the indoor / enclosed areas of any 1.2 Throughout architectural history, one of the limiting criteria
proposed Building / structure, including retrofit, renovation, in building design has been the need to control sound in an
rehabilitation or expansion work which shall cover all enclosed space. The continuing evolution of products
Architectural and utility aspects, including the architectural lay- antechniques in sound management and control has provided a
outing of all building engineering systems found therein. wider flexibility in the design of the interior environment. This
allows the Architect to build an environment that answers the
1.2 Depending on the complexity of the Project, the Architect
acoustical demands of varied activities within an enclosed
undertaking professional AI services must be sufficiently
space.
experienced in the planning, design and detailing of AI elements.
203.4 SITE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING (SDP)
2. SCOPE OF SERVICES
SERVICES
2.1 In the design of a building, the Architect works on a
development concept. To realize this, the Architect develops the 1.1 The space planning, architectural lay-outing and utilization
design by determining the size and interrelationship of interior of spaces within and surrounding a specific building / structure
spaces, laying out the furniture, movables, equipment, built-ins in relation with the existing natural and/or built environments
and fixtures to support the required activities, thus making both have to be a well-coordinated effort so that both the building /
the exterior and interior spaces contribute to the total concept. structure and the host environment shall act as one. Arising from
his concept of the total environment, the Architect is not merely
2.2 The Architect plans and designs the architectural interiors
concerned with the building / structure he creates but with the
(AI) of buildings such that they contribute to the physical, visual,
grounds and surrounding space as well. He studies the existing
intellectual and emotional comforts of the intended end-users.
environment in relation to the building / structure and
2.3 As such a specialist, the Architect: consequently lays out the areas / grounds immediately
surrounding the building / structure.
3.1 prescribes space plans, stacking diagrams / sections and
computations of areas for the different activities and spaces to 1.2 Ordinarily, the landscaping layout of small building projects
be integrated in a building Project. could be done by the Architect as part of the site development
planning (SDP) effort. However, if the project is large in scale,
2.3.2 lays out and prescribes furniture / built-ins / equipment for the Architect must hire other State-regulated professionals
the project and prepares specifications of AI components (RLPs) as qualified Specialist Consultants (SCs)
including all floor / wall / ceiling finishes, doors and partition
systems, hardware, modular or ready-assembled furniture

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MANNER OF COMPENSATION services offered by the Architect from data base gathering, to
the preparation of environmental impact
4.1 The Architect’s Fee for site development planning (SDP) assessments/statements (EIA/S), up to the formulation of the
services shall depend on the estimated cost of the civil works Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), may include the
and landscaping works i.e. hardscape and softscape, depending following components:
on the magnitude and complexity of the work required by the
project. If the Architect is also certified and licensed as a .1.1 Physical Component - land use and the changes which
separate RLP e.g. a Landscape Architect, and is suitably occur within the physical environment (within the space where
experienced, the Architect’s fee shall increase correspondingly, such activities take place), represented mainly by the MDP.
depending on the magnitude and complexity of the work
required by the project. 1.1.2 Economic Component - the nation’s assets and its
management.
SITE AND PHYSICAL PLANNING (INCLUDING MASTER
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, SUBDIVISION PLANNING AND 1.1.3 Socio-Cultural Component - the people, their living
URBAN DESIGN) SERVICES conditions and the seeking of ways to ameliorate it.

Physical planning refers to the orderly arrangement within a 1.1.4 Transport Component - road and transit networks, land-
piece of land or property on which vertical structures such as sea-air linkages, the movement of people and goods from one
buildings, monuments and the like, as well as horizontal place to another.
developments such as rights-of-way (ROWs), open spaces and
1.1.5 Legal and Administrative Component - the relationship of
activity spaces are to be proposed.
adopted development proposals and policies to existing laws.
SCOPE OF SERVICES
1.2 Comprehensive Development Planning (CDP) calls for the
All ideas and concepts have to be translated into physical plans detailed study of physical, social, economic and administrative
before they can be implemented. It is the Specialist Architect components and as such requires the expertise and knowledge
who provides a multi-dimensional point-of-view to a 2- of Specialist Consultants (SCs).
dimensional physical plan. By virtue of the Architect’s training
1.3 When the Consulting Architect is commissioned to do a
and experience in coordinating the works of a multi-disciplinary
Comprehensive Development Planning effort, he performs the
team, the Architect becomes the logical Prime Professional
following:
responsible for directing team efforts to deal with the required
physical planning work. 1.3.1 identifies existing land use, resources, social behavior and
interaction;
Physical planning is concerned with the general quality of the
settings for people and their activities, buildings and other 1.3.2 undertakes environmental analysis, demographic analysis
natural and man-made phenomenon. and feasibility studies;
1. MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES 1.3.3 examines existing laws, ordinances, political/ social
constraints;
The Architect may enter into contract with the Owner in two
possible ways: 1.3.4 prepares the conceptual development plans, policies,
implementing strategies to arrive at the desired comprehensive
1.1 Working in a dual capacity as Architect-of-record and as
and/or master planning solution/s.
Consulting Architect for site and physical planning services.
MANNER OF COMPENSATION
1.2 Working as Consulting Architect for site and physical
planning services only. Compensation for the foregoing specialized architectural service
shall be through man-months i.e. 22 man-days multiplied by 8
2. MANNER OF COMPENSATION
man-hours, and multiplied by a factor to cover other direct and
The fee structure for Site and Physical Planning Services by the indirect costs e.g. overhead, etc. or as prescribed by the
Architect shall be as stated in the Architect’s Guidelines. Architect’s Guidelines.

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING (CDP) HISTORIC AND HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND

SERVICES PLANNING

1.1 Comprehensive Development Planning (CDP) Services are The suitably trained and experienced Consulting Architect in this
based on the concept of expanded physical planning services to area of architectural practice provides research, assessment,
include other activities necessary for the proper handling of the recording, management, interpretation and conservation of
numerous components considered in the formulation, historical heritage.
implementation and realization of a Master Development Plan
203.8 SECURITY EVALUATION AND PLANNING
(MDP). Comprehensive Development Planning (CDP) covers
the range of all services from primary data gathering through the The Consulting Architect in this area of practice arranges and
formulation of the MDP and the parallel preparation of the formulates methods of rating and ascertaining the value of
environmental impact assessment / statement (EIA/S). structures or facilities which must be fully secured, kept safe,
1. SCOPE OF SERVICES protected, assured, guaranteed and provided sufficient
safeguards for the conduct of any work or activity.
1.1 If the Architect (an RLA) is separately qualified and suitably
experienced as an Environmental Planner, the range of all

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203.9 BUILDING SYSTEMS DESIGN The Consulting Architect in this area of practice must have much
more than the basic knowledge of Pre-Construction,
The Architect in this area of practice engages in methods of Construction, Post-Construction and the other services under
producing building components in a highly engineered, efficient SPP Documents 204, 206 and 207.
and cost-effective manner, particularly for residential and
commercial applications. Assessment Report (FALAR) required by R.A. No. 9514, the
2008 Fire Code of the Philippines and its 2009 IRR.
03.10 FACILITIES MAINTENANCE SUPPORT
203.19 DISPUTE AVOIDANCE AND RESOLUTION
The Consulting Architect in this area of practice provides the
Owner/Client with means and measures to ensure the proper The Architect in this area of practice must have much more than
function and maintenance of the building / structure and site the basic knowledge of the various modes of Alternative Dispute
after final inspection. Resolution (ADR) prescribed under R.A. No. 9285, the ADR Act
of 2004 and its IRR i.e. Construction Arbitration, Mediation and
203.11 BUILDING TESTING AND COMMISSIONING Conciliation, Negotiation and of Contract Administration, Quality
Surveys, Appraisals and Adjustments and Expert Testimony. An
The Architect in this area of practice recommends the
Architect specializing in ADR must preferably be State-accredite
systematic process of ensuring that a building / structure’s array
of systems is planned, designed, installed and tested to perform 203.20 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODS
according to the design intent and the building’s operational
needs. The Consulting Architect in this area of practice must have much
more than the basic knowledge of Research Methods, Philippine
203.12 BUILDING ENVIRONMENT CERTIFICATION Architecture and its History, Architectural Materials and
Finishes, Building Types and Standards, Architectural Design
A building environment rating system is needed to evaluate the
Trends, Architectural Writing and Architectural Photography.
environmental performance of a building and to encourage
market migration towards sustainable design. 203.21 SPECIAL BUILDING/ FACILITY PLANNING AND
DESIGN
203.13 FORENSIC ARCHITECTURE
The Architect in this area of practice must have much more than
The Architect in this area of practice undertakes a scientific
the basic knowledge of the Planning and Design Processes
study on the built environment’s well-being, which allows the
required for Housing Developments, Recreational and Tourism
Architect to focus on the ways in which the building/structure can
Estates, Health Care and Hospitality Facilities, Transportation
best maintain itself and prolong its life in a cost-efficient manner,
and Telecommunications Facilities, Production and Extractive
and finally provide recommendations to the Owner/ Client.
Facilities, Utility-related Developments, Secure Facilities,
203.14 BUILDING APPRAISAL Business and Industrial Parks, Economic Zones and Community
Architecture and the like.
Appraisal is defined as an act or process of estimating value.
The Consulting Architect in this area of practice places value on STANDARD OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE (SPP) ON
the building / structure condition and defects, and on its repair CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES
and maintenance, including the required improvements.
SPP Document 204-B
203.15 STRUCTURAL CONCEPTUALIZATION
Due to the increasing complexity of construction projects, there
The Architect in this area of practice conceives, chooses and is an upward demand for more effective cost control and faster
develops the type, disposition, arrangement and proportioning project implementation consistent with high quality of work.
of the structural elements of an architectural work, giving due Construction Management Services were thus instituted to fill
considerations to safety, cost-effectiveness, functionality and this need in the construction industry.
aesthetics.
The Construction Manager (CM) could either be:
203.16 PRELIMINARY SERVICES
1.2.1 a member of the staff of the Owner,
The Consulting Architect in this area of practice must have much
1.2.2 an independent individual, or
more than the basic knowledge of Site Analysis, Space Planning
and Management, Architectural Programming, and the other 1.2.3 a firm hired by the Owner to manage the construction of a
services under SPP Document 201. particular project.
203.17 CONTRACT DOCUMENTATION AND REVIEW 1.3 The Architect can serve as the Construction Manager (CM).
SERVICES His training in the coordination of various specialties allows him
to supervise and assure proper monitoring of all construction
The Architect in this area of practice must have much more than
activities with regards to quality, workmanship and cost.
the basic knowledge of Specification Writing, Estimation and
Quantity Survey, Architectural Production, Architectural
Software, Architectural Support Services and Contract
Document Review.

203.18 POST-DESIGN SERVICES (INCLUDING

CONSTRUCTION SERVICES)

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SPP ON POST-CONSTRUCTION SERVICES Pre-Design Services (SPP Document 201)

SPP DOCUMENT 205 a. Consultation

Building and Facilities Administration b. Pre-Feasibility Studies

Building Maintenance c. Feasibility Studies

 Structure d. Site Selection and Analysis

 Electrical
 Plumbing e. Site Utilization and Land-Use Studies
 Partitions/ Finishes f. Architectural Research
 Formulate and enforce rules
 Monitor security service g. Architectural Programming
 Monitor maintenance and upkeep services
 Corridors h. Space Planning
 Lobbies i. Space Management Studies
 Stairs and common areas
 Exits j. Value Management
 Parking
 Garbage k. Design Brief Preparation

Grounds and Landscaping Supervision l. Promotional Services

 Supervise landscape contractors and gardeners

 Maintain orderly entrances, exits and parking areas Regular Design Services
 Maintain streets i.e. road rights-of–way (RROWs),
walkways, and ramps a. Project Definition Phase

Building Equipment Maintenance b. Schematic Design Phase

3rd Parties: Equipments c. Design Development Phase

AC, FP (sprinkler), Generator, d. Contract Documents Phase

Transformers, Telecommunication e. Bidding or Negotiation Phase

Business Development and Management f. Construction Phase

 Schemes to attain maximum building occupancy

 Bill tenants for rentals and utilities
Specialized Architectural Services
Post Construction Evaluation
a. Architectural Interiors (AI)
 Evaluate the initial design program vs. the actual use
of the facility; b. Acoustic Design
 Determine the effectiveness of the various building c. Architectural Lighting Layout and Design
systems and the materials systems in use;
 Assist the proper third parties in evaluating the d. Site Development Planning (SDP)
functional effectiveness of the design and construction
process undertaken e. Site and Physical Planning Services (including Master
 Study, research, and give solutions Development Planning, Subdivision Planning and Urban
 Design)

Comprehensive Architectural Services f. Comprehensive Development Planning (CDP)

•The concept of Comprehensive Architectural Services g. Historic and Cultural Heritage Conservation and Planning
crystallized through the years.
h. Security Evaluation and Planning
•Comprehensive Architectural Services refers to the range of
i. Building Systems Design
professional services that it covers.
j. Facilities Maintenance Support
•The Architect is the prime professional.
k. Building Testing and Commissioning

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Specialized Architectural Services Professional Advisor

l. Building Environment Certification An Architect nominated by the Owner and approved by

the IAPoA to organize the ADC on behalf of the Owner.
m. Forensic Architecture
Technical Advisors
n. Building Appraisal
Specialist personnel who may be consulted by the
o. Structural Conceptualization Jurors during the conduct of the ADC to permit them to obtain
all necessary relevant information.
p. Preliminary Services
Competition Secretariat
q. Contract Documentation and Review
The body formed by the Owner and approved by the
r. Post-Design Services (including Construction
Professional Advisor, to assist the Professional Advisor and the
Management services) Jury in the administrative conduct of the ADC.

s. Dispute Avoidance and Resolution Classification of Architectural Design Competitions (ADCs)

ADCs shall be classified as follows:

Construction Services a. Project ADCs for actual Projects proposed for

implementation.
a. Full time Supervision Services
b. Ideas Competition or competition of ideas set as a design and
b. Construction Management Services planning exercise to elucidate a problem.

Post-Construction Services Conditions

The full conditions include the program, instructions on

submission of entries, site plans, entry forms and official
a. Building and Facilities Administration envelopes and labels. These are drawn up by the Professional
Advisor.
b. Post-Construction Evaluation
SPP on ADC

Refers to the Philippine Standard of Professional

SPP ON DESIGN-BUILD SERVICES SPP DOCUMENT 207 Practice (SPP) on Architectural Design Competitions (ADC).
In any building project, there is need to balance the IAPOA ADC Committee
elements of TIME, QUALITY, and COST, which, in many cases,
can best be achieved by the Architect performing Design-Build Appointed by the IAPOA National President to oversee
Services. all architectural design competitions (ADCs) referred to the
IAPOA.
Design-Build Services
IAPOA APPROVAL
simplifies and expedites the process of project delivery
while providing creative cost-effective solutions. Before the Owner makes any official announcement,
the IAPOA through the ADC Committee shall send the Owner a
Design-Build Services with Guaranteed Maximum Project written approval of the draft Conditions, including the timetable,
Construction Cost the ADC registration fee (when required) and the composition of
This method is essentially the same as Design-Build the Jury.
Services by Administration except that the Architect provides the PERSONS NOT ELIGIBLE FOR ENTRY TO THE ADC
Owner/ Client a guaranteed maximum project construction cost
for the construction of the project.\ No member of the Jury will be allowed to take part in
the competition, either directly or indirectly, nor be
Owner commissioned with work connected with the prize-winning
The person or organization that undertakes or design either directly or indirectly.
promotes an ADC with the primary objective of obtaining No member of the promoting body nor any associate
excellence in design for a project or for a development concept. or employee, nor any person concerned with the preparation or
Jury organization of the ADC will be eligible to compete or assist a
Competitor.
The people appointed by the Owner to assess the
entries to the competition. The members of the Jury are called COPYRIGHT AND RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP
Jurors.  The Author of any plan / design shall retain the
copyright of his work; no alterations may be made
without his / her written consent.

11
GROUP 7 A Holistic Project Experience

ARCHITECTURAL FIRMS Involved as a one-man army who has different work

ranges
"Architectural Firm" means a sole proprietorship, a
partnership or a corporation registered with the proper Way to Start Your Practice
government agencies;
The experience from small architecture firms can make
Sole Proprietor you more confident in undertaking scalable projects on your own

Simplest structure entitled to all profits and are liable Architectural Firm
for all debt, losses and liabilities.
An architectural firm is a company which works to
Partnership provide clients with architectural services and solutions.

 a single business owned by two or more people. Architectural companies follow a strict hierarchical or
 partnership agreement structural order in order to ensure proper distribution of duties
and tasks.
Corporation
Small firms
 An independent legal entity owned by shareholders
 receive a tax ID number and are required to pay taxes with fewer than five people usually have no formal
separately from its shareholders. organizational structure.

Medium-sized firms
TYPES OF ARCHITECTURE FIRMS
with 5-50 employees are often organized
EFFICIENCY BASED departmentally such as design, production, business
development, and construction administration.
Developed a design and production process that is
efficient and streamlined and are constantly looking for ways to Large firms
improve upon it to make it more efficient.
over 50 people may be organized departmentally,
EXPERIENCED BASED regionally, or in studios specializing in project types.

Aims to provide design services to clients and solve

unique and challenging problems.
Types of Organizational Structures
EXPERTISE BASED
Hierarchical org structure
Architects who have a great depth of knowledge about
The pyramid-shaped organizational chart. It’s the most
a specific project type or topic, or those who have demonstrated
common type of organizational structure –the chain of command
exceptional design abilities.
goes from the top-down, and each employee has a supervisor.
LIMITATION TO THE REGISTRATION OF A FIRM
Functional org structure
Registered and licensed architects shall compose at
Starts with positions with the highest levels of
least seventy-five percent (75%) of the owners, shareholders,
responsibility at the top and goes down from there. Employees
members incorporators, directors, executive officers, as the
are organized according to their specific skills and their
case may be;
corresponding function in the company. Each separate
Individual members of such firm, partnership department is managed independently.
association or corporation shall be responsible for their
Horizontal or flat org structure
individual and collective acts as an entity and as provided by
law; Fits companies with few levels between upper
management and staff-level employees. Many start-up
businesses use a horizontal org structure before they grow large
THE SMALL PRACTICE enough to build out different departments, but some
organizations maintain this structure since it encourages less
Wearing Multiple Hats supervision and more involvement from employees.

Here you have the scope of performing your best and Divisional org structure
becoming a valuable member of the firm.
A company’s divisions have control over their own
Improving Accountability resources, essentially operating like their own company within
the larger organization. Each division can have its own
As the team is small, you tend to make stronger marketing team, sales team, IT team, etc. This structure works
connections with your colleagues well for large companies as it empowers the various divisions to
make decisions without everyone having to report to just a few
executives.

12
Matrix org structure The Ten points of AIA’s Framework for Design Excellence

Looks like a grid, and it shows cross-functional teams  Design for Integration
that form for special projects. An integrated process that balances beauty and
function.
Team-based org structure  Design for Equitable Communities
A team organizational structure is meant to disrupt the Design that takes into account the community and
traditional hierarchy, focusing more on problem-solving, future occupants as well as those who live, work or visit
cooperation, and giving employees more control. the building.
 Design for Ecosystems
Network org structure Structures that benefit humans and nonhumans within
the ecosystem, including animal life and nature.
A network organizational structure makes sense of the  Design for Water
spread of resources. It can also describe an internal structure Throughout the space, the responsible use of this
that focuses more on open communication and relationships precious natural resource.
rather than hierarchy.  Design for Economy
Designing for value for the homeowner, the community
Legal Organization Firm/ Start Up
and the earth with a goal of being cost neutral and
Section 37 of R.A. 9266 design neutral.
 Design for Energy
Limitations to the Registration of a Firm, Company, Reducing dependence on fossil fuels and working
Partnership, Corporation or Association. –The practice of towards Net Zero Energy and Net Zero Carbon
architecture is a professional service, admission to which shall building.
be determined upon the basis of individual personal  Design for Well Being
qualifications. During and beyond the current global health crisis,
creating homes that support health and well-being for
Organization Architecture all people.
 Design for Resources
TYPES OF STRUCTURES:
Selecting and using materials that reduce embodied
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE carbon and environmental impacts without sacrificing
building performance.
A functional organization is a type of organizational  Design for Change
structure in which the organization is divided into smaller groups With the inevitability of change, designing structures
based on specialize functional areas. that take into account future risks and vulnerabilities
and changing markets on a social, economic and
PRODUCT DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE environmental level.
 Design for Discovery
The divisional structure is a type of organizational
An exciting facet of design, in which lessons
structure that groups each organizational function into a division.
discovered from previous work are used to refine and
INTERNATIONAL DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE improve the design process for the betterment of all.

When firms internationally expand production is known Quality Principle

as international divisional structure.
One of the definitions of a “principle” is that it is a basic
GLOBAL MATRIX STRUCTURE belief, theory or rule that has a major influence on the way in
which something is done.
A matrix organizational structure is a company
structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid, The 7 principles of quality management are:
or matrix.
 Engagement of people
TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM  Customer focus
 Leadership
4 MAIN TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM  Process approach
 Improvement
 PERSONAL CONTROL
 Evidence-based decision making
 BUREAUCRATIC CONTROL
 Relationship management
 OUTPUT CONTROL
 CULTURAL CONTROLS ISO 9001
Design Excellence Is the requirement standard of the ISO 9000 family of
standards. It outlines the guidelines that an organization must
usually refers to a competitive design process but has follow in order to implement and maintain a Quality Management
also come to be used to describe the design quality of a final System.
building or project.

13
ISO 9001:1994 COST OF QUALITY

A company level certification based on a standard published by COST OF POOR QUALITY

the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) titled
"Quality systems-Model for quality assurance in design, Cost of poor quality (COPQ) is defined as the costs associated
development, production, installation and servicing". with providing poor quality products or services.

Techniques for Managing Quality

Principles of TQM Prevention costs

 Customer Focused Are incurred to prevent or avoid quality problems.

 Total employee Involvement Appraisal costs
 Process-Centered
 Integrated System Associated with measuring and monitoring activities
 Decision Making Based on Facts related to quality.
 Strategic and Systematic Approach
 Communication Internal failure costs

Six Sigma Are incurred to remedy defects discovered before the

product or service is delivered to the customer.
A quality-control methodology developed by American
engineer Bill Smith while working at Motorola in 1986. The External failure costs
method uses data-driven analysis to limit mistakes or defects in
Are incurred to remedy defects discovered by
a corporate or business process. The six sigma system is a
customers.
method to work faster with fewer mistakes.
Kaizen
DMAIC
A Japanese term which means “good change”,
Define: Define the system. Identify the project objectives and all
“change for the better”, or “improvement”.
consumer deliverables.
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Measure: Measure key aspects of the current process, and
understand performance. A collective term for all the formal systems created to
help in managing employees and other stakeholders within a
Analyze: Analyze the data to investigate and verify cause and
company.
effect of the differences. Determine root causes of any defects.

Improve: Improve the current process based upon data analysis

using techniques such as design of experiments, mistake
proofing, and standard work to establish a new, future state
process. Establish ways to eliminate defects and correct the
process.

Control: Control the future state process to ensure that they

correct any deviations from the target before they result in
defects. Manage future process performance.

DMAD

Define: Define the system. Identify the project objectives and all
consumer deliverables.

Measure: Measure key aspects of the current process, and

understand performance.

Analyze: Analyze the data to investigate and verify cause and

effect of the differences. Determine root causes of any defects.

Design: Design an improved alternative, create a process that

meets customer needs and expectations.

Verify: Verify the design, ensure process designed meets

customer needs and performs adequately.

14
GROUP 8

THE PROJECT

Project complexity

Directly related to the amount of time an architect has

to spend designing and administering a project. Here is the
typical project level of complexity scale:

The Project Management Institute (PMI)

Created the project management life cycle to help. It’s

a framework to help project managers run their projects
smoothly and effectively.

The project life cycle

Includes the steps required for project managers to

Successfully manage a project from start to finish.

5 PHASES OF PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

Project initiation

Is the first Project Management life cycle phase, where

the project starts. It provides an overview of the project, along
with the strategies required to attain desired results. It is the
phase where the feasibility and business value of the project are
determined.

Project Planning

The planning phase frames a set of plans which help

to guide your team through the implementation phase and
closing phase.

Project execution

Is the phase where project-related processes are

implemented, tasks are assigned, and resources are allocated.
The method also involves building deliverables and satisfying
customer requirements.

Project Monitoring and Control

The project monitoring and control phase is all about

measuring the performance of the project and tracking progress.
It is implemented during the execution phase.
Project Closure

The project closure phase represents the final phase of

the Project Management life cycle, which is also known as the
“follow-up” phase. Around this time, the final product is ready for
delivery.

15