REPORT ON UNGUIDED MEDIA

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

ON

***** REPORT ON UNGUIDED MEDIA *****

Submitted By,

Mr. Ranvir A. V.
Mr. Khillare A. A.
Mr. Parsode R. A.

Guided By

Mr. BINGEWAR S.
TO

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

GRAMIN POLYTECHNIC NANDED
NANDED-431606

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDCUATION

(MSBTE), MUMBAI

ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22

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PROJECT REPORT

ON

***** REPORT ON UNGUIDED MEDIA *****

Submitted By,

Mr. Ranvir A. V.
Mr. Khillare A. A.
Mr. Parsode R. A.

Guided By

Mr. BINGEWAR S.

In partial fulfillment for the award of the Diploma in

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

GRAMIN POLYTECHNIC NANDED

NANDED-431606

ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22

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DECLARATION

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the project report “Student voting
management” is based on my own work carried out during the course of our study
under the supervision of Mr. Bingewar S.
I assert the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my research
work. I further certify that

I. The work contained in the report is original and has been done by me under
the general supervision of my supervisor.

II. The work has not been submitted to any other Institution for any other
degree/diploma/certificate in this university or any other University of India
or abroad.

III. We have followed the guidelines provided by the university in writing the report.

IV. Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from
other sources, we have given due credit to them in the text of the report and
giving their details in the references

Sincerely:

Mr. Ranvir A. V.

Mr. Khillare A. A.

Mr. Parsode R. A.

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CERTIFICATE

This is to Certified that the project entitled

***** REPORT ON UNGUIDED MEDIA *****

Being submitted by Mr. Avinash Vitthalrao Ranvir to state Board of

Technical Education board Mumbai as a partial fulfillment of award
of Diploma in COMPUTER ENGNEERING is record of bonafide work
carried out by his under supervision and guidance of Mr. Bingewar Sir
The assigned project is performed satisfactorily in the academic year
2021-22

Mr. Bingewar S. Ms. Dudhmale M.

Subject teacher HOD

.
Dr.Pawar v.s.
Principal

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CERTIFICATE

This is to Certified that the project entitled

***** REPORT ON UNGUIDED MEDIA *****

Being submitted by Mr. Ashish Arvind Khillare to state Board of

Technical Education board Mumbai as a partial fulfillment of award
of Diploma in COMPUTER ENGNEERING is record of bonafide work
carried out by his under supervision and guidance of Mr. Bingewar Sir.
The assigned project is performed satisfactorily in the academic year
2021-22

Mr. Bingewar S Ms. Dudhmale M.

Subject teacher HOD

.
Dr.Pawar v.s.
Principal

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CERTIFICATE

This is to Certified that the project entitled

***** REPORT ON UNGUIDED MEDIA *****

Being submitted by Mr. Rohit Ashok Parsode to state Board of

Technical Education board Mumbai as a partial fulfillment of award
of Diploma in COMPUTER ENGNEERING is record of bonafide work
carried out by his under supervision and guidance of Mr. Bingewar Sir.
The assigned project is performed satisfactorily in the academic year
2021-22

Mr. Bingewar S Ms. Dudhmale M.

Subject teacher HOD

.
Dr.Pawar v.s.
Principal

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Acknowledgment

This project is done as a semester project, as a part course titled “Student

voting management system.”
We are really thankful to our course the Principal Prof. Pawar sir and HOD Mrs.
Dudhmale

Mam and Department of Computer Engineering of Gramin Polytechnic

Management and Campus Vishnupuri Nanded for his invaluable guidance
and assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have
never been possible.

We also thank Mrs. Bhojankar for giving this opportunity to explore into the
real world and realize the interrelation without which a Project can never
progress.

We are also thankful to our parents, friends and all staff of the Computer
engineering department, for providing us relevant information and
necessary clarifications, and great support.

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ANNUEXURE II

Evaluate sheet for the micro project

Academic year:___________________ Name of faculty:_______________

Course :_______________ Course Code:__________________ Semester:______________

Title of project:_______________________________________________________________

Cos addressed by 6 the Micro project:

A _____________________________________________________________

B.___________________________________________________________________

C.______________________________________________________________________

D._____________________________________________________________________

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by doing the project:

a . practical Outcomes : _________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

b . Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain: _____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

c. Outcomes in Affective Domain:_______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Comments / Suggestions about team work/ leadership/ intership/ inter-personal

Communication (if any)_______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total

Roll performance in performance in oral/ out of
No. Group activity presentation 10

(Name & Signature Of Faculty)

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ANNUEXURE II

Evaluate sheet for the micro project

Academic year:___________________ Name of faculty:_______________

Course :_______________ Course Code:__________________ Semester:______________

Title of project:_______________________________________________________________

Cos addressed by 6 the Micro project:

A _____________________________________________________________

B.___________________________________________________________________

C.______________________________________________________________________

D._____________________________________________________________________

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by doing the project:

a . practical Outcomes : _________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

b . Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain: _____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

c. Outcomes in Affective Domain:_______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Comments / Suggestions about team work/ leadership/ intership/ inter-personal

Communication (if any)_______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total

Roll performance in performance in oral/ out of
No. Group activity presentation 10

(Name & Signature Of Faculty)

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ANNUEXURE II

Evaluate sheet for the micro project

Academic year:___________________ Name of faculty:_______________

Course :_______________ Course Code:__________________ Semester:______________

Title of project:_______________________________________________________________

Cos addressed by 6 the Micro project:

A _____________________________________________________________

B.___________________________________________________________________

C.______________________________________________________________________

D._____________________________________________________________________

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by doing the project:

a . practical Outcomes : _________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

b . Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain: _____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

c. Outcomes in Affective Domain:_______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Comments / Suggestions about team work/ leadership/ intership/ inter-personal

Communication (if any)_______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total

Roll performance in performance in oral/ out of
No. Group activity presentation 10

(Name & Signature Of Faculty)

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COLLEGE

VISION MISSION

Gramin Polytechnic will be icon including values, To nourish proactive, devoted & talented
zeal for perfection to build stalwarts for betterment of technocreates by quality education is need mased
the nation programmers through an excellent teamwork

DEPARTMENT

VISION MISSION
To achive academic excellence in Department of Computer Engineering Will
Computer Engineering by imparting be role model for Computer Engineers by-
expensive knowledge to students, to meet
contemporary needs of industry & socit . • Providing exposure to students to the
latest tools & technologies in the field
of computer hardware and software.
• Providing a learning environment
that helps student to enhance problem
solving skills and to be successful in
their professional lives.
• Supporting society by participating in
and encouraging technology transfers

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Gramin Polytechnic Nanded 2022

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Micro Project

Topic : Report On Unguided Media

INDEX

Page
Sr. No Contents
No.

1 Introduction XIII

Brief introduction
2 XIV

3 Advantages XVI

4 Disadvantages XVII

5 Conclusion XVIII

6 References XVIII

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INTRODUCTION

This paper describes the whole information about the unguided media which is used in
data communication for transferring the data from one place to another place. An unguided
transmission transmits the electromagnetic waves without using any physical medium.
Therefore it is also known as wireless transmission.

In Unguided transmission media there is no physical connection between source and

destination, instead they use air itself. These connections are not bound to a channel to
follow. It is also called wireless communication or unbounded transmission, they transmit
electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. In this medium signals are
radiated through the air (or, in a few cases, water) and therefore, are reaching to anyone
with a device capable of accepting them.

So, in this document we are created the report on those all unguided medias by which we
can get more information about the unguided media.

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BRIRF INTRODUCTIONS

Transmission media then looking at analysis of using them unguided transmission media is
data signals that flow through the air. The unguided media transmission is the type of
transmission that does not use any physical conductor for transmitting the information
between two nodes. The other name of the unguided media transmission is wireless
communication. The signals and information can be broadcast from a single place and can
be transmitted to multiple users at the same time. There are three types of ways in which
the unguided signals can be transmitted They are not guided or bound to a channel to
follow. Following are unguided media used for data communication:
Radio Transmission

• Microwave

Satellite Communication

RF Propagation: There are three types of RF (radio frequency) propagation :

• Ground Wave

• Ionospheric

Line of Sight (LOS)

Ground wave propagation follows the curvature of the Earth. Ground waves have carrier
frequencies up to 2 MHz. AM radio is an example of ground wave propagation.
Ionospheric propagation bounces off of the Earth's ionospheric layer in the upper
atmosphere. It is sometimes called double hop propagation. It operates in the frequency
range of 30 - 85 MHz. Because it depends on the Earth's lonosphere, it changes with the
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weather and time of day. The signal bounces off of the ionosphere and back to earth. Ham
radios operate in this range.

Line of sight propagation transmits exactly in the line of sight. The receive station must be
in the view of the transmit station. It is sometimes called space waves or tropospheric
propagation. It is limited by the curvature of the Earth for ground-based stations (100 km,
from horizon to horizon). Reflected waves can cause problems. Examples of line of sight
propagation are: FM radio, microwave and satellite.

Radio Frequencies: The radio waves can be defined as electromagnetic waves which can
be used to transmit the information in any direction without having any restriction. The
radio waves are defined as omnidirectional which means the waves can travel in any
direction. The basic frequency range for the radio waves in between 3 Khz to 1 Khz.The
frequency spectrum operates from 0 Hz (DC) to gamma rays (1019 Hz). Radio frequencies
are in the range of 300 kHz to 10 GHz. We are seeing an emerging technology called
wireless LANS. Some use radio frequencies to connect the workstations together, some
use infrared technology.

Microwave: The microwave is another type of electromagnetic waves that have a

frequency range of 1 GHz to 300 GHz. The microwave is unidirectional. In this
transmission, whenever the signals are transmitted through an antenna, the signals can
make narrow to focus to a particular point. Microwave transmission is line of sight
transmission. The transmit station must be in visible contact with the receive station. This
sets a limit on the distance between stations depending on the local geography. Typically
the line of sight due to the Earth's curvature is only 50 km to the horizon! Repeater stations
must be placed so the data signal can hop, skip and jump across the country.

Microwaves operate at high operating frequencies of 3 to 10 GHz. This allows them to

carry large quantities of data due to their large bandwidth.

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ADVANTAGES

(a) They require no right of way acquisition between towers.

(b) They can carry high quantities of information due to their high operating frequencies.

(c) Low cost land purchase: each tower occupies only a small area. (d) High
frequency/short wavelength signals require small antennae.

(d) The bandwidth of unguided media transmission is higher when it is compared to

guided transmission media. The information can be shared without having any disturbance
from any medium.

(e) The unguided transmission media does not get affected by corrosive materials as there
is no direct communication between the sender node and the destination node.

(f) The signals in unguided transmission media can be transmitted for long distances
without having any disturbance from medium and without compromising quality.

(g) The signal attenuation is lower in the unguided transmission medium. As there is no
physical wire or cable used the attenuation is lower in information transmission.

(h) A single time, the same information can be broadcast to multiple users without having
any delay. For example, broadcast of radio or tv channels in which multiple users can use
the device for getting information.

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DISADVANTAGES

(a) Attenuation by solid objects: birds, rain, snow and fog.

(b) Reflected from flat surfaces like water and metal.

(c) Diffracted (split) around solid objects.

(d) Reflected by atmosphere, thus causing beam to be projected away from receiver.

Satellite: Satellites are transponders (units that receive on one frequency and retransmit on
another) that are set in geostationary orbits directly over the equator. These geostationary
orbits are 36,000 km from the Earth's surface. At this point, the gravitational pull of the
Earth and the centrifugal force of Earth's rotation are balanced and cancel each other out.
Centrifugal force is the rotational force placed on the satellite that wants to fling it out into
space.

The uplink is the transmitter of data to the satellite. The downlink is the receiver of data.
Uplinks and downlinks are also called Earth stations because they are located on the Earth.
The footprint is the "shadow" that the satellite can transmit to, the shadow being the area
that can receive the satellite's transmitted signal.

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CONCLUSION

This is a guide to Unguided Media Transmission. Here we discuss an introduction to

Unguided Media Transmission, types, and respective advantages.
The unguided transmission media is typical of wireless communication that means no
physical conductors are required for information transmission between the source node
and destination node. Three ways of communication include ground, sky, and line of sight
propagation. And there are types of categories of unguided transmission that include radio
waves, microwaves, and infrared waves.

REFERENCES
www.tutorialspoint.com
www.geeksforgeeks.com
www.studocu.com

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