Chapter Two Bonding and Structure

Chapter two bonding and structure
Name: ------------------------- class -------------- NO ---------------
1. What are the three types of bonding

A. Ionic bond –which occurs between metals and non-metals
B. Covalent bonding –which occurs between two non-metals
C. Metallic bond -metal cations and delocalized electrons.
2. Draw dot and cross for the following ionic compounds
A. KF this is ionic compounds of potassium fluoride
You draw only the last shell, K has 19 proton number so it has the
following electron configuration of 2,8,8,1 so it loses two one electron to
become full outer shell electron. And fluorine has 9 proton number so it
has the following electron configuration 2,7 so it needs to gain one
electron to become full outer shell electron
B. Draw dot and cross of Na2O
C. Mg O --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Cacl2---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. Li3N -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F. Alcl3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. What is the formulae of
A. Magnesium hydroxide ------------------------------------------------------------
B. Sodium sulfate --------------------------------------------------------------------
1|Abdirisaq Mohamed ALi

C. Ammonium sulfate ---------------------------------------------------------------
D. Calcium nitrate -----------------------------------------------------------------
Some common ionic compounds with their valence
Valence of the periodic table

4. List the properties of ionic compounds
- They are crystalline solids, and are brittle in nature.
- They have high melting and boiling points.
- They are soluble in water.
- They conduct electricity in their solution and molten states.
5. List the types of covalent bonding
A. Single bonding - Single bond symbol: A single line represents a bond
between two atoms (i.e., involving one electron pair) Single bond example:
Cl2, HCl, NH3
B. Double bonding - Two atoms share two pairs of electrons to complete their
octet. Oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, acetone, and ozone.
C. Triple bonding - a covalent linkage in which two atoms share three pairs of
electrons, as in the nitrogen molecule, N2, or acetylene, C2H2.
This is an example of single, double and triple bound

6. What are the limitation of the octet rule
A. The incomplete octet of the central atom-less than 8 electrons in the
central atom after bond forming between the central atom and the
surrounding atom, examples are BF3, BCL3 and BH3
B. The expanded atom - occurs when an atom is able to have more than 8
valence electrons. Examples SF6 , PCl5
7. list the properties of covalent bond
- The boiling/melting points of covalent compounds are low.
- They are soft in nature and relatively flexible.

- These compounds do not possess electrical conductivity.
- They have lower values of enthalpy of fusion/vaporization
8. Draw dot and cross diagrams of carbon dioxide, nitrogen molecule and oxygen
molecule
A. Which of the three molecules has one double bond answer CO2
B. Which of the three molecules has two double bonds answer O2
C. Which of the three has one triple bond answer N3
9. What is meant by lone-pair?

- Is a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a
covalent bond
- NH3 has only one lone pair

- Draw the lone pair of water molecule H2O
- Draw CH3 and show the lone pair
10.Define coordinate(dative) covalent bond
- A coordinate bond (also called a dative covalent bond) is a covalent bond
(a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons come from the same
atom
Examples

- The Reaction between Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride. NH3 +HCL-
- Reaction between ammonia and boron trifluoride. NH3 +HF -
- The structure of Aluminum Chloride.
.
11.BF3 and gaseous ammonia (NH3) combine to form a white solid with formulae
F3BNH 3. There is a bond between boron and nitrogen. Draw dot and cross
diagram and displayed formulae of F3BNH3.
12. A water molecule can form a dative to an H+, forming oxonion or hydronium
ion. Draw a dot and cross diagram and the displayed formulae for the oxonium
ion?
13.Draw cross and dot diagram for Ozone O3?

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Chapter Two Bonding and Structure

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Chapter two bonding and structure

Name: ------------------------- class -------------- NO ---------------

1. What are the three types of bonding

B. Draw dot and cross of Na2O

1|Abdirisaq Mohamed ALi

Valence of the periodic table

2|Abdirisaq Mohamed ALi

This is an example of single, double and triple bound

3|Abdirisaq Mohamed ALi

9. What is meant by lone-pair?

- NH3 has only one lone pair

4|Abdirisaq Mohamed ALi

13.Draw cross and dot diagram for Ozone O3?

5|Abdirisaq Mohamed ALi

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