Nguyễn Bùi Nhất

HE176724

Ex 1: To learn a language successfully, people need to go to the country

where the language is spoken. What is your opinion?

      Many people believe that if you want to learn a foreign language

successfully, you must study in the native country. In my opinion,
successfully learning a language does not need to be in the native country, we
can learn a language well in many better ways, as simple as studying in the
country is enough.
        With today's integration trend, foreign languages are an essential tool for
each of us. Therefore, there are many fast-growing international schools with
programs in cooperation with foreign universities. No need to go far, young
people can study right in Vietnam, be near their parents and friends but still
study in an international standard environment. Besides those advantages,
there are also disadvantages. Currently, foreign language teaching programs
are still more theoretical than practical, so communication in foreign
languages is limited.
         Different from studying in the country, studying abroad helps us to be
more independent, more mature, and have more opportunities to discover
new things. Studying abroad also helps us develop foreign language skills
quickly and effectively. But studying abroad also has many difficulties such
as language barriers, we cannot use our mother tongue every day, if we
cannot communicate, vocabulary, daily communication with native speakers
will be difficult. In addition, we will also have to be far away from family,
away from friends. Moreover, the cost of studying and living abroad is very
expensive, and living in a new land alone has a lot of risks.
      In short, although studying abroad helps us to develop language learning
ability quickly, it also has many difficulties. Instead, studying in the country
is not as effective as studying abroad, but it still brings us a lot of knowledge.
Still can help us to be successful on the path of learning foreign languages.
Ex 2: The way that university students are accessing, acquiring, and using
knowledge is changing rapidly. What are the main reasons for this? 
                  
       Nowadays everything is growing and that is why the amount of
knowledge is gradually becoming huge. Therefore, students now also have
many ways to access, absorb and use rapidly changing knowledge.
The common approach of students today is through social networking sites
Facebook and Youtube. These are the places where many teachers record
their quality lectures. Students can update and self-study new knowledge
through those videos. However, do not let the dark side of the internet and
technology entice, disperse, or affect time, productivity, and learning results.
In addition, to remember new knowledge, it is necessary to practice. Practice
is always the best measure for all lessons. Practicing the newly acquired
knowledge is a way for students to use the knowledge they have just learned.
It is necessary to have the right learning methods and tools.
       With an increasing amount of new knowledge, the majority of students
will mainly self-study, including professional knowledge and life skills
knowledge. Therefore, students, today need to have the right learning
methods and tools. The self-study method is also necessary to learn from the
right people, in the right way, with the right content, at the right time.
           In short, the more things change the more knowledge changes. To
catch up and absorb that knowledge, today's students also have many ways to
access knowledge stores on the internet, and virtual libraries, along with the
support of technology. Young people are having more complete material and
spiritual conditions, if they do not improve their spirit of learning, self-study,
and self-training, they cannot be talented and become useful people for the
community and the country.

Ex 3: Many people say the gap between rich and poor people is wider, as rich
people become richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems could
this situation cause and what measures can be done to address those
problems?

      It is undeniable that the gap between the affluent and the needy has
increasingly widened. The wealthy can spend their expenditure to meet their
social needs, while the deprived are struggling with their daily budget.
Though this phenomenon globally is increasing, some resolutions can be
taken to reduce this problem.
       Having a solid education is a ticket out of poverty. Education should not
be a source of division that has to be affordable which triggers various
obstacles for the impoverished. For example, in the US, richer kids go to
private schools, while poor students sometimes can not spend their tuition
fees in public schools. The government can resolve this issue by opening
schools for the poor that offer it free of charge.
        Moreover, the minimum wage should be increased to push the
employees out of poverty. The impoverished who are working in factories or
any companies cannot afford their daily needs due to the substantially lower
minimum wage. For instance, in the UK, 59% of respondents will feel more
motivated at work as a result of the increase in their pay packets. In this case,
the government should generate national policies to equalize the distribution
of income between the high paid and low paid.
      In short, the inequality between rich and poor is becoming obvious.
Therefore, the government should provide fair opportunities between them to
eradicate the gap and disentangle this issue by raising the minimum wage.

Ex 4: Some people say that humanitarian subjects such as philosophy,

history, and literature that people study in universities have no value for their
future careers. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give your own opinion and relevant examples.

       When discussing the necessity of teaching philosophy to students, some

argue that university training is vocational training, training experts to work
in different fields of the international economy. People should just teach
specialized subjects. This argument sounds reasonable at first but is wrong.
         The State does not simply need experts but above all needs citizens who
are responsible for their future and the future of the country. To educate civic
consciousness, it is necessary to have the philosophy and the social sciences,
and humanities. Students of different eras and countries are often at the
forefront of political movements and processes. Philosophy gives students
knowledge about social relationships, the nature and function of the state and
the law, the purpose of human existence, good and evil, and the relationship
between the two. relationship between the individual and the state and
society, about freedom and responsibility.         Therefore, philosophy plays
an important role in the process of forming and developing student
personality.
       The formation and development of the current student personality under
the influence of Marxist-Leninist philosophical education is also the process
of forming in them the necessary qualities, demonstrating intellectualization
and maturity to the point of maturity. certain aspects of society, helping
students improve their theoretical awareness, political consciousness, being
sensitive to practice, handling situations that occur in practice, living with
ideas, and having dreams to learn. practice, strive and dedicate. That is also
the moral value of each student with personality, the goal of each student's
striving.

Ex 5: Most societies are based on rules and laws. If individuals were free to
do whatever they wanted, society could not function. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

      Currently, the mechanism for governing the country and handling

disputes is regulated by law. If society no longer has laws, there will be no
grounds to judge and solve social problems, so society will fall into chaos. I
agree that a society without law would be turned upside down, disorderly,
and unable to function and develop according to the will of the rulers.
Therefore, society needs laws to be adjusted and operated in the right orbit.
      We can understand the law as a system of mandatory regulations issued
by the state, expressing the nature of the ruling class. Law was born due to
the need of society to manage a society that has developed to a certain extent.
When society develops too complex, there appear classes with opposing
interests and it is necessary to have class politics to protect the interests of
classes, the dominant political and economic force in society. If a society has
no law, then everyone will not be governed by a common mandatory code of
conduct, all activities are based on the people's consciousness. That will make
the relationship between people worse and worse, and this society will
become chaotic, with many abusers, dishonest people, and many people
suffering, and unhappy.
       In short, society needs rules and regulations to exist and develop.
Without law, there would be no society. Therefore, the law plays a very
important role for the citizens, the state, and society to develop stably and
sustainably.

Ex 6: In “DNA Vaccines,” you read that DNA vaccines have levels of

immunogenicity that are lower than they should be, which is why essentially
all of them remain in clinical trials. Research the vaccine used against one of
these illnesses: typhoid fever, yellow fever, or rotavirus. 
Did this vaccine encounter the same problem as DNA vaccines do (too low a
level of immunogenicity) when it was in clinical trials? If so, what steps were
taken for it to be approved for use?

         Acute diarrhea is very common and dangerous for infants and young
children. The leading agent is the RotaVirus. The introduction of the
Rotavirus vaccine is an effective measure to prevent gastroenteritis caused by
rotavirus. This active immunity caused by taking the Rotavirus vaccine will
help the body create lifelong immunity.
       Rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine to prevent diarrhea caused by Rotavirus,
Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in children. Rotavirus is
transmitted by the gastrointestinal tract. If children come into contact with
contaminated objects, they will also get sick. The subjects with the most
acute diarrhea are children under 5 years old.
             Unlike the DNA vaccine, the Rota vaccine does not have problems
such as the level of immunogenicity being so low that the Rota vaccine needs
to be used at the right time to avoid danger. Children infected with rotavirus
usually fall between 6-36 months of age. At this stage, children start to
explore around, so they often crawl, grasp different objects, and put them in
their mouths. Some babies can get this virus before 3 months of age.
Therefore, the Rotavirus vaccine is recommended to be given to children
from 6 weeks of age and complete the course before 6 months of age so that
the body produces antibodies to prepare the child to enter the most vulnerable
period.
           In short, the Rota vaccine is a vaccine against a virus that is capable of
causing severe acute gastroenteritis, also known as dehydrated diarrhea, in
infants and young children. No matter how good or effective a vaccine is,
some limitations can be life-threatening. So understanding vaccines is
essential.

Ex 7: DNA vaccine
     The most common types of vaccines are live attenuated vaccines, whole
inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and attenuated vaccines. Up to now,
along with advances in recombinant DNA technology, genomics, virology,
and molecular immunology, it has had a great impact, opening the direction
of application in the production of next-generation vaccines. new. Many
vaccine design strategies have been studied and applied in the process of
infectious disease prevention and control, in which DNA vaccines show
promising promise in new generation vaccines.
         Unlike other vaccine approaches that use attenuated parts of bacteria,
viruses, or entire pathogens, nucleic acid vaccines use only part of the genetic
material from the virus. or pathogenic bacteria to stimulate the body's
immune response to fight the pathogen itself. The genetic material used in
vaccines can be DNA or RNA, which contains the information to make a
specific protein of the pathogen.
       DNA vaccine induces an immune response including activation of both
B cells and T cells, which is highly effective and stable. Ensure safety
because it does not contain live components from pathogens, so there is no
risk of disease when the vaccine enters the body. Virus antigens are
expressed in the same way that they are naturally produced when the virus
enters a cell. DNA vaccines are relatively easy to produce in large quantities
and at low cost, and with technology that could easily transition applications
to new pathogens. But when using DNA vaccines, it is necessary to inject
immunity because they are associated with the ability to disrupt cellular
processes and produce antibodies against DNA, leading to low levels of
immunogenicity. This means that they are not efficient enough. Difficult to
introduce into the body and cells and has the potential to insert the genetic
information of the cell.
        Because the development and application of nucleic acid vaccines are
happening very rapidly, management needs to be flexible to keep pace with
best practices gained from production and use. The purpose of these
recommendations is to provide a scientific basis for the production and
control of DNA vaccines for human use, ensuring consistency in safety and
efficacy.