Scheme of Studies For BS Mathematics
Scheme of Studies For BS Mathematics
Scheme of Studies For BS Mathematics
Justication
The department of Mathematics and Statistics has already launched MSc and MPhil programs in Mathematics
along with various programs in Statistics too. All the programs are running very successfully and the number
of students in each program are increasing every year. Most of the students come from other universities as
there is no undergraduate program in the department. Since HEC is going to gradually phase out MSc two
year programs, there is dire need to launch BS program in mathematics considering the increasing trend and
high scope of the subject.
Career Opportunities
After completing the BS Mathematics degree, the graduates will be well in position to get jobs in wide
rage of professions involving: educators in secondary/higher secondary schools, teachers/researchers in col-
leges/universities. Positions in several government and private organization.
1
Scheme of Studies for BS Mathematics (4-Years)
First Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. MATH-303 Calculus-1 4(4-0)
2. MATH-304 Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic 3(3-0)
3. ENG-301 Composition and Communication Skills 3(3-0)
4. IS-401/SSH-402 Islamic Studies/Ethics 3(3-0)
5. PY-303 Mechanics 4(4-0)
6. CS-305 Introduction to Computing 3(2-1)
Sub-Total 20
Second Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. MATH-305 Calculus-II 3(3-0)
2. CS-307 Introduction to Computer Programming 3(2-1)
4. STAT-301 Introductory Statistics 4(4-0)
5. ENG-303 Functional English 2(2-0)
6. SSH-302 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)
5. PY-304 Electricity and Magnetism 4(4-0)
Sub-Total 18
Third Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. MATH-401 Group Theory 3(3-0)
2. MATH-402 Calculus-III 4(4-0)
3. PY-503 Classical Mechanics 3(3-0)
4. ENG-304 English Writing and Presentation Skills 2(2-0)
5. CS-402 Web Designing 3(2-1)
Sub-Total 15
Fourth Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. MATH-403 Ane and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0)
2. MATH-404 Linear Algebra 4(4-0)
3. PY-504 Electrodynamics-I 3(3-0)
4. MATH-405 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0)
4. ENG-306 Advanced Exercises in Communication Skills 3(3-0)
4. STAT-302 Introduction to Probability Theory 3(3-0)
Sub-Total 19
2
Fifth Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. MATH-501 Topology 3(3-0)
2. MATH-502 Dierential Geometry and Tensor Analysis 3(3-0)
3. MATH-503 Ordinary Dierential Equations 3(3-0)
4. MATH-504 Real Analysis 3(3-0)
5. MATH-505 Ring Theory 3(3-0)
Sub-Total 15
Sixth Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. PY-510 Quantum Mechanics-I 3(3-0)
2. MATH-506 Partial Dierential Equations 3(3-0)
3. MATH-507 Complex Analysis 3(3-0)
4. MATH-508 Functional Analysis 3(3-0)
5. MATH-509 Advanced Real Analysis 3(3-0)
Sub-Total 15
Seventh Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. MATH-601 Numerical Analysis 4(4-0)
2. MATH-602 Number Theory 3(3-0)
3. MATH-603 Measure Theory and Lebesgue Integration 3(3-0)
4. MATH-604 Mathematical Physics 3(3-0)
5. MATH-605 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0)
Sub-Total 16
Eighth Semester
Sr.# Code Title Credit Hours
1. STAT-503 Probability and Distribution Theory-I 4(4-0)
2. MATH-606 Integral Equations 3(3-0)
3. MATH-607 Special Relativity 3(3-0)
4. MATH-608 Graph Theory 3(3-0)
5. MATH-621 Technical Report 3(0-3)
Sub-Total 16
Total 134
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Course Contents
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functions, Mean value theorems and applications, Higher derivatives, Leibniz's theorem, L'Hospital's Rule, In-
termediate value theorem, Rolle's theorem, Taylor's and Maclaurin's theorem with their remainders; Integration
and Denite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indenite integrals, Integration by substitutions, Integration by
parts, Change of variable in indenite integrals, Denite integrals, Fundamental theorem of calculus, Reduction
formulas for algebraic and trigonometric integrands, Improper integrals, Gamma and Beta functions.
Suggested Readings
1. Anton, H., I. Bivens and S. Davis. 2002. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
2. Blank, B.E. and S.G. Krantz. 2006. Calculus: Single Variable. Springer, New York, USA.
3. Bohner, M. and S.G. Georgiev. 2016. Multivariable Dynamic Calculus on Time Scales, Springer, New
York, USA.
4. Hughes-Hallett, D. and A.M. Gleason. 2005. Calculus: Single and Multivariable. John Wiley & Sons,
NJ, USA.
5. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2013. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning, New York, USA.
6. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2005. Thomas' Calculus. Addison-Wesley, New
York, USA.
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Suggested Readings
1. Anton, H., I. Bivens and S. Davis. 2002. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
2. Blank, B.E. and S.G. Krantz. 2006. Calculus: Single Variable. Springer, New York, USA.
3. Bohner, M. and S.G. Georgiev. 2016. Multivariable Dynamic Calculus on Time Scales, Springer, New
York, USA.
4. Hughes-Hallett, D. and A.M. Gleason. 2005. Calculus: Single and Multivariable. John Wiley & Sons,
NJ, USA.
5. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2013. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning, New York, USA.
6. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2005. Thomas' Calculus. Addison-Wesley, New
York, USA.
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6. Thomas, G. B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2005. Thomas' Calculus. Addison-Wesley, New
York, USA.
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Recursion: Loop invariance, Mathematical induction, Recursive denition and Recurrence relations; Relations:
Introduction of relation, Equivalence relations and partitions of sets, Partially ordered sets, Special orderings
and Properties of general relations; Principles of Counting: Pigeon rule, The sum rule, Inclusion exclusion
principle, The product rule and Binomial methods.
Suggested Readings
1. Biswal, P.C. 2015. Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
2. Epp, S.S. 2010. Discrete Mathematics with Applications. Cengage Learning, New York, USA.
3. Pemmaraju, S. and S. Skiena. 2003. Computational Discrete Mathematics: Combinatorics and Graph
Theory with Mathematica. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
4. Schmidt, G. and T. Strohlein. 2012. Relations and Graphs: Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists.
Springer, New York, USA.
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MATH-503 Ordinary Differential Equations 3(3-0)
Theory
Introduction to Dierential Equations: Historical background and motivation, Basic mathematical models, Di-
rectional elds and Classication of dierential equations; First Order Dierential Equations: Separable equa-
tions, Modeling with rst order equations, Dierences between linear and nonlinear equations, Exact equations
and Integrating factors; Second Order Dierential Equations: Homogenous equations, Homogenous equations
with constant coecients, Fundamental solutions of linear homogenous equations, Linear independence, the
Wronskian, Method of undetermined coecients and Variation of parameters; Higher Order Linear Equations:
General theory of nth order linear equations, Homogenous equations with constant coecients, The methods
of undermined coecients and the Method of variation of parameters; Series Solution of Second Order Linear
Equations and Special Functions: Series solution near an ordinary point, Legendre's equation, Regular singular
points and Series solution about a regular singular point.
Suggested Readings
1. Coddington, E.A. and N. Levinson. 1955. Theory of Ordinary Dierential Equations. McGraw-Hill, New
York, USA.
2. Hairer, E., C. Lubich and G. Wanner. 2006. Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure-Preserving
Algorithms for Ordinary Dierential Equations. Springer, New York, USA.
3. Kreyszig, E. 2010. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
4. Nemytskii, V.V. 2015. Qualitative Theory of Dierential Equations. Princeton University Press, NJ,
USA.
5. Zaitsev, V.F. and A.D. Polyanin. 2002. Handbook of Exact Solutions for Ordinary Dierential Equations.
CRC Press, New York, USA.
6. Zill, D., W.S. Wright and M.R. Cullen. 2011. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Jones & Bartlett
Publishers, Burlington, USA.
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MATH-505 Ring Theory 3(3-0)
Theory
Rings: Denition, examples; Quadratic integer rings; Examples of non-commutative rings; The Hamilton quater-
nions; Polynomial rings; Matrix rings; Units, zero-divisors, nilpotents, idempotents; Subrings, Ideals; Maximal
and prime Ideals; Left, right and two-sided ideals; Operations with ideals; The ideal generated by a set; Quo-
tient rings; Ring homomorphism; The isomorphism theorems, applications; Finitely generated ideals; Rings of
fractions; Integral Domain: The Chinese remainder theorem; Divisibility in integral domains, greatest common
divisor, least common multiple; Euclidean domains; The Euclidean algorithm; Principal ideal domains; Prime
and irreducible elements in an integral domain; Gauss lemma, irreducibility criteria for polynomials; Unique
factorization domains; Finite elds; Polynomials in several variables; Symmetric polynomials; The fundamental
theorem of symmetric polynomials.
Suggested Readings
1. Bhattacharya, P.B., S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul. 1986. Basic Abstract Algebra. Cambridge University
Press, London, UK.
2. Cohn, P.M. 1974. Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
3. Dummit, D.S. and R.M. Foote. 2014. Abstract Algebra. 3rd Ed., Addison- Wesley, New York, USA.
4. Fraleigh, J.B. 2002. A First Course in Abstract Algebra. Addison- Wesley, New York, USA.
5. Herstein, I.N. 1964. Topics in Algebra. Xerox Publishing Company, New York, USA.
6. Rose, J. 1978. A Course on Group Theory. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
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MATH-507 Complex Analysis 3(3-0)
Theory
Introduction: The algebra of complex numbers, Geometric representation of complex numbers, Powers and roots
of complex numbers; Functions of Complex Variables: Denition, limit and continuity, Branches of functions,
Dierentiable and analytic functions; The Cauchy-Riemann equations, Entire functions, Harmonic functions,
Elementary functions: The exponential, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Logarithmic and Inverse elementary func-
tions, Open mapping theorem; Maximum modulus theorem; Complex Integrals: Contours and contour integrals,
Cauchy-Goursat theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Lioville's theorem, Morerea's theorem; Series: Power series,
Radius of convergence and analyticity, Taylor's and Laurent's series, Integration and dierentiation of power
series; Singularities, Poles and residues: Zero, singularities, Poles and Residues, Types of singular points, Calcu-
lus of residues, contour integration, Cauchy's residue theorem with applications; Mobius transforms, Conformal
mappings and transformations.
Suggested Readings
1. Churchill, R.V. and J.W. Brown. 1989. Complex Variables and Applications. 5th Ed., McGraw Hill, New
York, USA.
2. Lang, S. 1999. Complex Analysis. Springer, New York, USA.
3. Mathews, J.H. and R. W. Howell. 2016. Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Engineering. Springer,
New York, USA.
4. Remmert, R. 1991. Theory of Complex Functions. Springer, New York, USA.
5. Rudin, W. 1987. Real and Complex Analysis. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
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2. Boros, G. and V. Moll. 2014. Irresistible Integrals: Symbolics, Analysis an Experiments in the Evaluation
of Integrals. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
3. Lang, S. 1968. Real Analysis. Addison-Wesley, New York, USA.
4. Rudin, W. 1976. Principles of Mathematical Analysis. 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
5. Thomson, B.S., J.B. Bruckner and A.M. Bruckner. 2008. Elementary Real Analysis. 2nd Ed., John Wiley
& Sons, NJ, USA.
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Suggested Readings
1. Boyce, W.E. 2016. Elementary Dierential Equations. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
2. Kreyzig, E. 2009. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
3. Yusuf, S.M. and M. Amin. 2000. Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Ilmi Kitab Khana, Kabir Street Urdu
Bazaar, Lahore.
4. Yusuf, S.M. and M. Amin. 2002. Mathematical Method, Ilmi Kitab Khana. Kabir Street, Urdu Bazaar,
Lahore.
Introduction to statistical computing, data types and data Structures, data input and output, logical vectors
and relational operators, ow control and looping, writing and calling functions, loop functions, debugging,
programming statistical graphics. Fitting and using statistical models, optimization, Simulation. Markov Chain
Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo integration. Computational linear Algebra: Matrix multiplication and inversion,
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Practical
Use of statistical packages like SPSS, SAS and R to solve the practical problems in Design of experiment,
Regression, Econometrics etc., programming with R-Language.
Suggested Readings
1. Braun, W.J. and D.J. Murdoch, A. 2008. A First Course in Statistical Programming with R. Cambridge
University Press, London, UK.
2. Draper, N. and H. Smith, 1981. Applied Regression Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
3. Landau, S. and B.S. Everett, 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analysis using SPSS. Chapman & Hall,
London, UK.
4. Matlo, N. 2011. The Art of R Programming: A Tour of Statistical Software Design, No Starch Press,
CA, USA.
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MATH-515 Matrices for Statistics 3(3-0)
Theory
Preliminaries: Scalars, Vectors, Arrays, Matrices, Types of Matrices, Groups, Rings, Fields and Represen-
tation of Data; Vector Space: Vector Spaces, Subspaces, Operations on Vectors, Cartesian Coordinates and
Geometrical Properties of Vectors, Centered Vectors and Variances and Covariances of Vectors; Eigenvalues
and Eigenvectors: General Computational Methods, Eigenvalues from Eigenvectors and Vice Versa, Deation,
Preconditioning, Power Method, Jacobi Method, QR Method, Krylov Methods, Generalized Eigenvalues and
Singular Value Decomposition; Special Matrices and Operations Useful in Modeling: Data Matrices and Asso-
ciation Matrices, Symmetric Matrices, Nonnegative Denite Matrices, Positive Denite Matrices, Idempotent
and Projection Matrices, Special Matrices Occurring in Data Analysis, Nonnegative and Positive Matrices and
Other Matrices with Special Structures; Selected Applications in Statistics: Multivariate Probability Distri-
butions, Linear Models, Principal Components, Condition of Models and Data, Optimal Design, Multivariate
Random Number Generation, and Stochastic Processes.
Suggested Readings
1. Gentle, J.E. 2007. Matrix Algebra: Theory, Computations, and Applications in Statistics. Springer, New
York, USA.
2. Kollo, T. and D. von Rosen. 2006. Advanced Multivariate Statistics with Matrices. Springer, New York,
USA.
3. Pistone, G., E. Riccomagno and H.P. Wynn. 2000. Algebraic Statistics: Computational Commutative
Algebra in Statistics. CRC Press, New York, USA.
4. Schott, J.R. 2016. Matrix Analysis for Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
5. Searle, S.R. and A.I. Khuri. 2017. Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
Suggested Readings
1. Burden, R.L. and J.D. Faires. 2002. Numerical Analysis. PWS Pub. Co., New York, USA.
2. Chapra, S.C. and R.P. Canale. 2008. Numerical Methods for Engineers. 6th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New
York, USA.
3. Debnath, L. 2015. Nonlinear Partial Dierential Equations for Scientists and Engineers. Birkhauser, New
York, USA.
4. Gerald, C.F. and P.O. Wheatley. 2005. Applied Numerical Analysis. Pearson, London, UK.
5. Komech, A. 2009. Principles of Partial Dierential Equations. Springer, New York, USA.
6. Mathews, J.H. 2007. Numerical Methods for Mathematics. Prentice Hall, NJ, USA.
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MATH-602 Number Theory 3(3-0)
Theory
Preliminaries: Well-ordering principle; Principle of nite induction; Divisibility theory: The division algorithms;
Basis representation theorem; Prime and composite numbers; Canonical decomposition; The greatest common
divisor; The Euclidean algorithm; The fundamental theorem of arithmetic; Least common multiple; Linear
Diophantine equations: Congruences; Linear congruences; System of linear congruences; The Chinese remainder
theorem; Divisibility tests; Solving polynomial congruences; Fermat's and Euler's theorems; Wilson's theorem;
Arithmetic functions: Euler's phi-function; The functions of J and sigma; The Mobius function; The sieve
of Eratosthenes; Perfect numbers; Fermat and Mersenne primes; Primitive Roots and Indices: The order of
an integer mod n; Primitive roots for primes; Composite numbers having primitive roots; Quadratic residues:
Legendre symbols and its properties; The quadratic reciprocity law; Quadratic congruences with composite
moduli; Pythagorean triples; Representing numbers as sum of two squares.
Suggested Readings
1. Adler, A. and J.E. Coury. 1995. The Theory of Numbers. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Burlington, USA.
2. Burton, D.M. 2007. Elementary Number Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
3. Leveque, W.J. 1956. Topics in Number Theory. Vols. I and II, Addison- Wesley, New York, USA.
4. Malik, S.B. 1995. Basic Number Theory. Vikas Publishing House, India.
5. Niven, I, H.S. Zuckerman and H.L. Montgomery. 1991. An Introduction to the theory of Numbers. John
Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
6. Rosen, K.H. 2015. Elementary Number Theory and its Applications. 5th Ed., Addison- Wesley, New
York, USA.
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and elds, derivatives, curves, tangents, are length, velocity and acceleration, gradient of a scalar eld, diver-
gence of a vector eld and curl of a vector eld; Vector integral calculus, integral theorems: line integral, green,
theorem in a plane, surfaces for surface integrals, double integrals, surface integrals, triple integrals, divergence
theorem of gauss and stokes theorem of Gauss and stokes theorem.
Suggested Readings
1. Axler, S. 1997. Linear Algebra: Done Right. 2nd Ed., Springer, New York, USA.
2. Hassani, S. 2015. Mathematical Physics. 1st Ed., Springer, New York, USA.
3. Kreyszig, E. 2009. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
4. Thoms, G.B. and R.L. Finney. 2002. Calculus and Analytical Geometry. 9th Ed., Roohani Press,
Islamabad.
Suggested Readings
1. Baker, C.T.H. 1977. Integral Equations. Clarendon Press, London, UK.
2. Lovitt, W.V. 2015. Linear Integral Equations, Dover, New York, USA.
3. Smithies, F. 1989. Integral Equations. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
4. Wazwaz, A.M. 1998. A rst Course in Integral Equations. World Scientic Pub., NJ, USA.
16
MATH-607 Special Relativity 3(3-0)
Theory
Introduction: Fundamental concepts; Derivation of Special Relativity: Einstein's formulation of special rela-
tivity, The Lorentz transformation, Length contraction, time dilation and simultaneity, The velocity addition
formulae, Three dimensional Lorentz transformations; The Four-Vector Formulation of Special Relativity: The
four-vector formalism, The Lorentz transformations in 4-vectors, The Lorentz and Poincare groups, The null
cone structure, Proper time; Applications of Special Relativity: Relativistic kinematics, The Doppler shift in
relativity, The Compton eect, Particle scattering, Binding energy, particle production and particle decay; Elec-
tromagnetism in Special Relativity: Review of electromagnetism, The electric and magnetic eld intensities,
The electric current, Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves, The four-vector formulation of Maxwell's
equations.
Suggested Readings
1. Barton, G. 1999. Introduction to the Relativity Principle. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
2. Qadir, A. 2014. An Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity. World Scientic Pub., NJ, USA.
3. Ringler, W. 1995, Introduction to Special Relativity. Oxford, London, UK.
4. Rosser, W.G.V. 1991. Introductory Special Relativity. Taylor & Francis, London, UK.
5. Saleem, M. and M. Raque. 1992. Special Relativity. Ellis Horwood Publisher, New York, USA.
Suggested Readings
1. Balakrishnan, V.K. 1997. Graph Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
2. Bollobas, B. 1979. Graph Theory. Springer, New York, USA.
3. Douglas B. 2013. Graph Theory. 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, NJ, USA.
4. Parthasarathy, K.R. 1994. Basic Graph Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
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