Science 7 Reviewer For Final Exam

SCIENCE 7 REVIEWER
For FINAL EXAM
 Earth's atmosphere is composed of about

 78 percent nitrogen,
 21 percent oxygen,
 0.9 percent argon,
 and 0.1 percent other gases.
 Atmosphere is defined as the area of air and gas enveloping objects in space, like stars and planets, or the air
around any location.
 The atmosphere can be divided into layers based on its temperature, as shown in the figure below.
 Greenhouse effect- Earth's greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet. The main gases
responsible for the greenhouse effect include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor (which
all occur naturally), and fluorinated gases (which are synthetic).
 Trace gases are gases that are present in small amounts within an environment such as a planet's atmosphere.
 Global warming is a gradual increase in the earth's temperature generally due to the greenhouse effect caused
by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants.
 Human activities destroy the atmosphere:
 Burning fossil fuels,
 releasing chemicals into the atmosphere,
 reducing the amount of forest cover,
 and the rapid expansion of farming,
 development, and industrial activities
Land and sea breezes - are wind and weather phenomena associated with coastal areas.
A land breeze is a breeze blowing from land out toward a body of water.
A sea breeze is a wind blowing from the water onto the land. Land breezes and sea breezes arise because of
differential heating between land and water surfaces.
Cold air masses are denser than warm air masses.
 Does Land or Water Warm Faster?

 Since land absorbs more solar radiation the land surface retains more heat as do the vegetation for energy. Thus,
land surfaces warm more quickly than water.
 In what direction do winds blow from high to low pressure area?
 From high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas
 Why does the southwest monsoon bring heavy rains?
The southwest monsoon Habagat flows from sea to land, it carries more moisture, and therefore causes more
rain, than the northeast monsoon.
 Is Northeast Monsoon cold and dry?
Amihan is the Filipino term of Northeast monsoon, which is a cool and dry northeast wind coming from Siberia
and China and blows down to Southeast Asia.
SEASONS
Why Do We Have Seasons?
The earth's spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. This is what causes the seasons.
 Day and Night

 Day and night are due to the Earth rotating on its axis, not its orbiting around the sun.
 When does the Earth’s axis points relative to the sun?

 toward the sun half the year and away the other half.
 People in the North Hemisphere experience longer days and shorter nights in June because
 the earth wobbles on its axis
ECLIPSE
2 TYPES:
Penumbra is the largest and lighter outer part of the Moon’s shadow.
Umbra is the smaller and darker inner part of the Moon’s shadow.
SOLAR ECLIPSE
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon appears between the Earth and the Sun and casts a shadow on a portion of the
Earth.
Types of Solar Eclipse:
Partial eclipse: It occurs when the Moon covers only a portion of the Sun. It does not come exactly between the
Earth and the Sun, thereby hiding only a part of the Sun
Annular eclipse: When the Moon passes across the Sun, and both are in a straight line with the Earth. It causes
the Moon to appear smaller. The Sun appears as a bright ring (annulus) around the Moon.
Total eclipse: When the Moon completely covers the Sun. The Moon moves in front of the Sun and casts a
shadow on the Earth. As a consequence, the sunlight gets blocked entirely.
LUNAR ECLIPSE
What happens during a lunar eclipse?
During a lunar eclipse, Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight falling on the Moon.
Types of Lunar Eclipses
There are three types of lunar eclipses:
Penumbral - The Moon passes through Earth's faint penumbral shadow. Penumbral eclipses are of minor
interest since they are quite difficult to observe. Although rare, a penumbral eclipse can occur in which the
Moon’s entire disk is enveloped within the penumbra. Such events are called total penumbral eclipses.
Partial - A portion of the Moon passes through Earth's dark umbral shadow. The remaining part of the Moon
appears bright even though it lies deep within the penumbra. Partial eclipses are easy to see, even with the
unaided eye.
Total - The entire Moon passes through Earth's umbral shadow. Total eclipses are quite striking for the vibrant
range of colors the Moon can take on during the total phase, referred to as totality.
EVERYTHING ABOUT ECLIPSES

Eclipses occur when evil mythological creatures attack the sun
Eclipses have been interpreted as the lovemaking of the sun and the moon.
An eclipse was also thought to foretell the death of great people.
Eclipse was also thought to precede great and tragic events.
During an eclipse, impure gases circulate in the environment.
After the eclipse, people need to take a bath with clothes they have been wearing
Pregnant women are forbidden from cutting and sewing clothes and from cutting vegetables and herbs during the eclipse.
Biofuel. Biofuels such as bioethanol (which can be used instead of petrol), are made from corn and sugarcane, whereas biodiesel is
made from vegetable oils and animal fats.
The ITCZ is where winds coming from the northern and southern hemisphere converge, bringing clouds that cause rains in affected
areas.
When the pole is tilted towards the sun, daylight is longer than when it is pointed away.
Seasonal changes, including temperature and length of daylight, indicate that the sun's light received by the.
If the seasons didn't change this will result in the axis being not tilted. This will result in extremely cold climate near the poles and
extremely hot climate near the equator.
Pregnant women are sometimes warned to stay inside, not eat, not carry sharp objects, and not eat cooked food from prior to the
eclipse.
the periodic table is deviced by Dmitri Mendeleev ( a Russian chemist)
Ex: elements and

compound

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Science 7 Reviewer For Final Exam

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SCIENCE 7 REVIEWER

For FINAL EXAM

 Earth's atmosphere is composed of about

 Does Land or Water Warm Faster?

Why Do We Have Seasons?

 Day and Night

 When does the Earth’s axis points relative to the sun?

Types of Solar Eclipse:

Types of Lunar Eclipses

There are three types of lunar eclipses:

EVERYTHING ABOUT ECLIPSES

Ex: elements and

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