Lecture in Astronomy
Lecture in Astronomy
Lecture in Astronomy
4. Precipitation
The water droplets in the clouds become
heavy enough to fall back to the Earth as
precipitation, which can take the form of rain,
snow, sleet, or hail.
The moon goes through phases as it orbits
The Sun’s energy is not directly involves also around the Earth, appearing to grow and shrink in
in this stage of water cycle, but it does play a role size throughout the month. This is caused by the
in determining where and when precipitation angle at which the sun’s light hits the moon,
occurs, as it drives atmospheric circulation which creates different amounts of illumination.
When the Moon is between the Sun and Stars are celestial objects that appear as
Earth, we see the side of the moon that is not bright, glowing points of light in the night sky.
illuminated by the Sun, which appears as a New They are natural objects that are composed
Moon. primarily of hydrogen and helium gas, and they
generate light and heat through the process of
As the Moon moves around the Earth, we
nuclear fusion in their cores.
gradually see more of the illuminated side
resulting in a Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Stars come in many different sizes, colors,
Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Warning Gibbous, and levels of brightness, and their properties
Third Quarter, and finally a Warning Crescent. depend on their mass, age, and stage of evolution.
Some stars, such as the Sun, are relatively small
The phases of the Moon repeat on a
and stable, while others can be much larger and
monthly cycle, with each cycle taking
more volatile, eventually exploding and
approximately 29.5 days to complete.
spectacular supernova events.
The supernova is a powerful and
catastrophic explosion that occurs at the end of a
massive star’s life cycle. When a massive star
exhaust the fuel in its core, it can no longer
produce enough energy to maintain its structure,
causing it to collapse under its own weight.
This collapse generates an intense
shockwave that causes the star to explode,
releasing an enormous amount of energy and
producing a brilliant and extremely luminous
event in the sky that can last for weeks or even
months.
During a supernova, the star’s outer layers
are ejected at incredibly high speeds, producing a
shockwave that can trigger the formation of new
stars and contribute to the enrichment of the
interstellar medium with heavy elements such as
iron, gold and uranium.
They play a critical role in the evolution of
galaxies and the distribution of matter throughout
The Moon also stabilizes the Earth’s axial the universe.
tilt, which helps to create a stable climate for life
on Earth. Stars are distributed throughout the
universe, with many billions of them visible from
The current axial tilt of the Earth is Earth alone. They are arranged into various
approximately 23.5 degrees. Tilt means turned configurations, such as constellations, and their
toward one side. positions and movements can be tracked over time
The gravitational pull of the Moon on using telescopes and other astronomical
Earth causes a slight wobble in the Earth’s instruments.
rotation, which helps to stabilize its axial tilt
would be much more unstable, leading to dramatic
shifts in climate that would make it difficult for Star Patters (Constellations)
life to thrive.
Stars
The Different Colors of Stars
The Planets
The planets of the solar system can be
compared in several ways, including their size,
composition, atmosphere, distance from the sun,
and other characteristics.
A comparison of the eight planets in the
solar system, in order of their distance from the
sun:
1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
Solar Eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon
passes between the Sun and Earth, blocking the
Sun’s light and casting a shadow on Earth.
There are three types of solar eclipses:
total, partial and annular.
During a total solar eclipse, the Moon
completely blocks the Sun revealing the Sun’s
corona, or outer atmosphere.
During a partial solar eclipse, the Moon
only partially cover the Sun.
During an annular solar eclipse, the Moon
appears smaller than the Sun and does not
completely cover it, creating a ring of fire effect
around the Moon.
Lunar Eclipse
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth
passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a
shadow on the Moon.