BAHAGIAN A

SECTION A

1. Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan dua jenis pergerakan yang berbeza bagi bahan merentasi membran plasma.
Diagram 1.1 and diagram 1.2 show two different types of movement of substances across the plasma membrane.

Rajah 1.1 / Diagram 1.1

Rajah 1.2 / Diagram 1.2

(a) Pada Rajah 1.1, label struktur-struktur berikut:

On Diagram 1.1, label the following structures:

 Protein pembawa, dengan huruf P

Carrier protein, with letter P

 Dwilapisan fosfolipid, dengan huruf Q

Phospholipid bilayer, with letter Q
[2 markah / 2 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 1

 (b) Terangkan bagaimana molekul asid amino diangkut merentasi membran plasma melalui proses yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.1.
Explain how amino acid molecules are transported across the plasma membrane by the process shown in
Diagram 3.1.

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(c) Kehadiran merkuri menyebabkan mitokondria tidak berfungsi.

Terangkan kesannya terhadap pengangkutan ion natrium merentasi membran plasma melalui proses dalam
Rajah 3.2.
The presence of mercury causing mitochondrion disfunction.
Explain the effect on the transport of sodium ions across the plasma membrane through the process in
Diagram 3.2.

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan proses M yang berlaku dalam duodenum.

Diagram below shows process M that occurs in the duodenum.

Process M
Proses M Glycerol
Gliserol

+ + water
+
+ air Y

Lipid
Lipid
Enzyme X
Enzim X
Rajah 2 / Diagram 2

(a) Namakan proses M dan enzim X

Name process M and enzyme X.

M : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

X : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 markah / 2 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 2

(b) (i) Lukiskan graf untuk menunjukkan kesan suhu ke atas tindak balas enzim X.
Draw a graph to show the effect of temperature on the activity of enzyme X.

Rate of reaction
Kadar tindak balas

Temperature
10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C 50 C suhu
[ 1 markah /1 mark]

(ii) Apakah suhu optimum bagi tindak balas ini?

What is the optimum temperature for this reaction?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….................
[ 1 markah / 1 mark]

(c) (i) Y adalah hasil tindakbalas enzim yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di atas. Apakah Y?
Y is the product from the enzymatic reaction shown in diagram above. What is Y?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....................
[ 1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Nyatakan kesan pengambilan makanan yang mengandungi Y dalam kuantiti yang tinggi dalam jangka
masa panjang.
State the consequence of taking food with high content of Y for a long period.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................
[ 1 markah / 1 mark]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 3

3. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan penggunaan glukosa dalam badan manusia.
Diagram 3.1 shows the use of glucose in the human body.

Glukosa
Glucose

Proses A Proses B
Process A Process B
38 molekul ATP 2 molekul ATP
38 ATP molecules 2 ATP molecules
Rajah 3.1 / Diagram 3.1

(a) Apakah proses A dan B?

What are processes A and B?

A:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B:……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………….
[2 markah /2 marks]

(b) Tulis satu persamaan untuk proses B.

Write one equation for process B.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark / 1 mark]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 4

 (c) Terangkan mengapa proses B adalah penting walaupun proses ini hanya menghasilkan 2 molekul ATP.
Explain why process B is important even though it only produces 2 ATP molecules.

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(d) Seseorang yang menjalani proses B tidak dapat mengekalkan aktiviti yang dijalankan untuk tempoh masa
yang lama. Dia terpaksa berhenti menjalankan aktiviti tersebut selepas 15minit. Beri dua sebab mengapa dia
perlu berhenti menjalankan aktiviti tersebut.
Someone who carries out process B cannot sustain the activity they are doing for a long period of time. They
need to stop their activity after 15 minutes. Give two reasons why they need to stop their activity.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

4. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan graf sejenis keimunan.

Diagram 4.1 shows a graph of a type of immunity.

Rajah 4.1 / Diagram 4.1

(a) (i) Namakan jenis keimunan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.1.
Name the type of immunity shown in Diagram 4.1.

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 5

 (ii) Terangkan mengapa suntikan kedua adalah perlu.
Explain why the second injection is needed.

.……………………………………………………………………………......................................................

.……………………………………………………………………………......................................................

.……………………………………………………………………………......................................................

.……………………………………………………………………………..................................................
[ 2 markah / 2 marks ]

(iii) Berikan satu contoh penyakit yang boleh dilindungi dengan jenis keimunan ini.
Give one example of a disease that can be protected by this type of immunity

……………………………………………………………………………......................................................
[ 1 markah / 1 mark ]

(b) Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sejenis sel darah putih yang penting dalam mekanisme pertahanan badan
Diagram 4.2 shows a type of white blood cell which is important in the body defense mechanism

Rajah 4.2 / Diagram 4.2

(i) Namakan struktur berlabel A dan X:

Name the structures labelled A and X

A : .....................................................................................................................................................................................................

X : ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
[2 markah / 2 marks ]

(ii) Nyatakan tindakan X ke atas antigen dalam Rajah 4.2

State the action of X on antigens in Diagram 4.2

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
[1 markah / 1 mark ]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 6

5. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan turus vertebra manusia. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua jenis vertebra, R dan T, dalam turus
vertebra manusia.
Diagram 5.1 shows the human vertebral column. Diagram 5.2 shows the two types of vertebrae, R
and T, in human vertebral column.

Rajah 5.1 / Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.2 / Diagram 5.2

(a) Namakan vertebra-vertebra itu.

Name the vertebrae.

R : ………………………………………………...…………………………………………………………….

T : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(b) Lukis anak panah ( ) untuk memadankan R dan T kepada mana-mana satu vertebra yang betul
pada rajah 5.1.
Draw arrows ( ) to match R and T to any one correct vertebra in Diagram 5.1.
[2 markah / 2 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 7

(c) Terangkan satu ciri vertebra toraks yang berkaitan dengan mekanisma respirasi.
Explain one feature of vertebra thoracic which is related to the mechanism of respiration.

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(d) Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan aksi seorang ahli gimnastik.

Diagram 5.3 shows the action of a gymnast.

Rajah 5.3 / Diagram 5.3

Ligamen seorang ahli gimnastik adalah lebih mudah lentur berbanding dengan orang biasa.
Terangkan pernyataan tersebut.
Ligament of a gymnast are more flexible compared to ordinary people.
Explain the statement.

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 8

6. Graf pada Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan hubungan antara kadar fotosintesis dan keamatan cahaya.
The graph in Diagram 6.1 shows the relationships between the rate of photosynthesis and light intensity

Kadar fotosintesis (cm/minit)

Rate of photosynthesis (cm/minute)

Kepekatan CO2(0.03%)
pada 30°C
Concentration of CO2
(0.03%) at 30°C

Keamatan cahaya
Light intensity
Rajah 6.1 / Diagram 6.1

(a) Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1,

Based on Diagram 6.1,
Light intensity
(i) Terangkan hubungan antara kadar fotosintesis dan keamatan cahaya.
Explain the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and light intensity.

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[ 3 markah / 3 marks ]

(ii) Ramalkan apa yang berlaku kepada kadar fotosintesis sekiranya suhu persekitaran meningkat sehingga
55°C.
Predict what happens to the rate of photosynthesis if the surrounding temperature increases to 55°C.

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[ 2 markah / 2 marks ]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 9

(b) Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kitaran bagi dua proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R dalam sel tumbuhan.
Diagram 6.2 shows a cycle of two major process that occurs in organelles Q and R in a plant cell.

Organelle Q/ Organel Q

Light energy
Light ene rgy Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen
Tenaga cahaya
Chlorophyll

Tenaga cahaya
Karbon dioksida + Air Glukosa + Oksigen
Klorofil

Organelle R/ Organel R Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + e nergy

Glukosa + Oksigen Karbon dioksida + air + tenaga

Rajah 6.2 / Diagram 6.2

(i) Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R.
State one differences between the processes that occur in organelle Q and organelle R.

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[ 1 markah / 1mark ]

(ii) Jika kadar aktiviti dalam organel R melebihi organel Q dalam jangka masa yang panjang, terangkan
kesannya ke atas alam sekitar.
If the rate of activity in organelle R is exceeds that in organelle Q for a long period of time, explain the
effects to the environment .

Kesan kepada alam sekitar:

Effect to the environment :

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[ 2 markah / 2 marks

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 10

7. Rajah 7 menunjukkan photometer gelembung yang digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan factor persekitaran terhadap
kadar transpirasi
Figure 7 shows a bubble photometer used to study the effect of environmental factors on the rate of transpiration

Rajah 7 / Diagram 7

(a) Apakah yang diukur oleh photometer secara

What is measured by a photometer
(i) Langsung / Directly

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[1 Markah / 1 mark]
(ii) Tidak langsung / In Directly

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[1 Markah / 1 mark]

(b) Apakah andaian yang dibuat dalam eksperimen ini?

What assumptions are made in this experiment?

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[1 Markah / 1 mark]

(c) Mengapakah penting untuk memotong pucuk berdaun dibawah air?

Why is it important to cut the leave shoots under water?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 Markah / 2 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 11

(d) Seorang pelajar menggunakan photometer untuk mengkaji kesan keamatan cahaya terhadap kadar transpirasi
Keputusannya ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 7. Hitungkan kadar pergerakan gelembung (mm setiap minit)
A student uses a photometer to study the effect of light intensity on the rate of transpiration. The results are
shown in Table 7. Calculate the rate of movement of the bubble (mm per minute)

Masa untuk gelembung Kadar pergerakan

bergerak 50mm ditiub gelembung (mm/minit)
kapilari(minit) Rate of bubble movement
Time for bubble to move (mm/minute)
50mm tube capillary
(minutes)
Keamatan cahaya tinggi
(di bawah cahaya matahari)
High light intensity
(under sunlight)

Keamatan cahaya rendah

(di tempat gelap)
Low light intensity
(in the dark)

[2 Markah / 2 marks]

(e) Apakah kesimpulan berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen yang diperolehi?

What are the conclusions based on the experimental results obtained?

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[2 Markah / 2 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 12

8. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan proses perkembangan gamet.
Diagram 8.1 shows the process of development of gamete.

Rajah 8.1 / Diagram 8.1

(a) (i) Namakan process X yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.1.

Name the process X in Diagram 8.1

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Apakah kepentingan proses X yang disebut di (a)(i)?

What is the importance of process X as mentioned in (a) (i)?

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[1 markah / 1 mark]

(b) Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan keratan memanjang bahagian sekuntum bunga yang terlibat dalam persenyawaan.
Diagram 8.2 shows the longitudinal section part of a flower that involves in fertilization.

Rajah 8.2 / Diagram 8.2

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 13

(i) Jelaskan apa yang berlaku selepas debunga melekat pada stigma.
Describe what happen after a pollen grain stick to stigma.

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(ii) Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada structure Q semasa bergerak ke arah ovul bagi memastikan
persenyawaan ganda dua boleh berlaku.
Explain what happen to structure Q while moving toward ovule to ensure double fertilization occurs.

…...…………………………..……………………………………………………………………………...

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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(iii) Huraikan proses persenyawaan ganda dua pada tumbuhan berbunga.

Describe the process of double fertilization in the flowering plant.

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[3 markah / 3 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 14

 BAHAGIAN B
SECTION B

9. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan proses perkembangan satu zigot dalam manusia.

Diagram 9.1 show the development of a zygote in human.

Rajah 9.1 / Diagram 9.1

(a) (i) Berdasarkan rajah 9.1, huraikan proses yang berlaku dalam tiub Fallopio tersebut.
Based on diagram 9.1, describe the process that occur in the Fallopian tube.
[6 markah / 6 marks]

(ii) Bilangan sperma tidak normal akan menyebabkan ketidaksuburan iaitu kegagalan pasangan berkahwin
untuk mendapatkan anak. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan bilangan sperma normal dan tidak normal.
Abnormal sperm count will cause infertility which is the failure of a married couple to have a baby.
Diagram 9.2 shows normal and abnormal sperm count.

Bilangan sperma normal Bilangan sperma tidak normal

Normal sperm count Abnormal sperm count
Rajah 9.2 / Diagram 9.2

Cadang dan terangkan satu teknologi yang boleh digunakan untuk mengatasi ketidaksuburan tersebut.
Suggest and explain one technology that can be used to overcome the infertility.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 15

(b) Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan aras hormone perempuan dan hubungannya terhadap perubahan pada ovary dan
uterus semasa kitar haid.
Diagram 9.3 shows a female hormonal level and its relationship with ovary and uterus changes during
menstrual cycle.

Hormone
pituitary
Pituitary
hormone

Kitar ovari
Ovarian cycle

Hormon ovari
Ovarian
hormone

Endometrium
Endometrium

Hari
Day
Rajah 9.3
Diagram 9.3

Berdasarkan Rajah 9.3, terangkan hubungkait di antara aras hormone dengan proses-proses berkut.
Based on diagram 9.3, explain the relationship between the hormonal level with the following processes
 Perkembangan folikel / Development of follicles
 Ovulasi / Ovulation
 Perkembangan korpus luteum / Development of corpus luteum

[10 markah / 10 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 16

10. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas batang eudikot.
Diagram 10.1 shows a cross section of eudicot stem.

Rajah 10.1 / Diagram 10.1

(a) Q adalah sejenis tisu vaskular. Terangkan dua penyesuaian Q dalam pengangkutan air.
Q is a type vascular tissue. Describe two adaptations of Q in transporting water.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(b) Banding dan bezakan struktur dan fungsi tisu P dan tisu Q.
Compare and contrast the structure and the function of tissue P and tissue Q.
[6 markah / 6 marks]

(c)

Rajah 10.2 / Diagram 10.2

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 17

Afid ialah serangga perosak yang memperoleh makanan daripada tumbuhan dengan menggunakan
bahagian mulut berbentuk tiub untuk mencucuk ke dalam salur P pucuk muda tumbuhan seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 10.2.
Aphids are pests that feed on plant by inserting their piercing mouth parts into vessel P of young shoot
as shown in Diagram 10.2.

(i) Cadangkan dua sebab mengapa salur P menjadi sasaran afid.

Suggest two reasons why vessel P are targeted by the aphids.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(ii) Terangkan kemungkinan yang berlaku pada pucuk muda itu sekiranya terdapat banyak afid pada
pucuk tumbuhan tersebut untuk beberapa minggu.
Explain the possible consequences on the young shoot if there are a large number of aphids on
the shoot over several weeks.
[6 markah / 6 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 18

 BAHAGIAN C
SECTION C

11. (a) Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan pokok R manakala Rajah 11.2
menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan pokok S.
Diagram 11.1 shows two types of growth curves of plant R while Diagram 11.2 shows the
growth curve of plant S.

Rajah 11.1 / Diagram 11.1

Rajah 11.2 / Diagram 11.2

(i) Tentukan jenis tumbuhan R dan S berdasarkan kitar hidup yang ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 11.1 dan Rajah 11.2. Terangkan lengkung pertumbuhan pokok R dan S.
Determine the types of plant R and S based on the life cycle shown in Diagram 11.1
and Diagram 11.2. Explain growth curves plant R and S.
[6 markah / 6 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 19

 (ii) Pokok S yang menjalani jenis pertumbuhan yang menghasilkan ciri-ciri yang lebih
bermanfaat dari segi nilai ekonomi berbanding dengan pokok R.
Adakah anda setuju dengan pernyataan tersebut? Beri penjelasan anda.
Plant S that undergone the growth type that produce more beneficial characteristics
in the aspect of econoc valuesy compared to plant R.
Do you agree with the statement? Give your explanations.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(b) Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan hasil sayur sawi yang sama spesis daripada kebun yang berlainan
lokasi.
Diagram 11.3 shows two same species mustard greens yield from different farms location.

Lokasi kebun Hasil sayur kebun

Location of farm Vegetable yield

Kampung
Village

Industrial area
Kawasan industri
Rajah 11.3 / Diagram 11.3

Sayur sawi lokasi yang manakah lebih subur? Terangkan faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi hasil tanaman dalam Rajah 11.3.
The mustard greens from which location is more fertile? Explain the factors that affect the
vegetable yields in Diagram 11.3.
[6 markah / 6 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 20

(c) Rajah 11.4 menunjukkan keadaan buah pisang pada pokok pisang.
Diagram 11.4 shows the condition of bananas on the tree.

Rajah 11.4 / Diagram 11.4

Cadangkan satu kaedah yang membolehkan buah pisang masak cepat dan sekata untuk
memenuhi permintaan pelanggan. Bincangkan manfaat yang boleh diperoleh daripada
kaedah yang anda cadangkan.
Suggest a way to enable the bananas ripen fast and equal in order to fulfil the demand of
the customers. Discuss the benefits of the way your suggested.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

MODUL PCT BIOLOGI 2021 SET 2 21