VISUAL IMPAIRMENT - describes a  Problem with cones cells of the eye

wide variety of conditions that affect vision

abilities. Challenges of Visual Impairment in the
Classroom
The following terms commonly used to
designate degrees of visual impairment:  Fewer opportunities to acquire
information visually (i.e., maps,
 Totally blind. This term usually implies diagrams, pictures, art)
little or no visual sensitivity to light at  Learning Difficulties
any level.  may read very slowly
 Legally blind. A legally blind person  difficult to meet the demands of
has a visual acuity of 20/200 or less in general education classroom
the better eye, after correction.  Social Difficulties
 Low vision. People with low vision can  can't catch non-verbal cues from
read with the help of large-print reading others
materials and magnifying objects. They  inability to judge distance (i.e., stand
may also use Braille. too close when socializing)
 Partially sighted. Partially sighted
Tools and Assistive Technology for the
individuals have less severe loss of
Visual Impairments
vision than people in the other three
categories. A person with partial sight  Braille printer: connects to a computer
may be able to see objects up close or far and embosses braille on paper
away and with corrective lenses may be  Screen reader: converts text on a
able to function at normal levels. computer screen to audible speech
Types of Visual Impairments  Screen enlargement software: increases
the size of text and images on a
Hyperopia (far sightedness) computer screen
 Can see objects of far away but not near References:
 Cause: size of eye ball is too shorter
https://www.slideshare.net/
Myopia (near sightedness) PriyankaChaurasia3/visually-impaired-
42862831
 Can see objects of near but not far away
 Cause: size of eye ball is too larger https://www.slideshare.net/
PriyankaChaurasia3/visual-impairment-
Astigmatism 42862795
 Cannot focus at one object regularly https://www.slideshare.net/
 Cause: irregularity in cornea or eye Zaibun_Nisa786/visual-impairment-
surface 117747174
Color Blindness http://sped.wikidot.com/visual-impairments
 Decreased ability to differentiate AUTISM – affects the way information is
between colors taken in and stored in the brain. A complex
disorder of brain development characterized learn to appreciate and alleviate many
by: problems that can interfere with the
student’s ability to learn.
 Difficulties in social interaction
 Difficulties in verbal and nonverbal
communication
References:
 Repetitive behaviors
 Difficulties in motor coordination https://slideplayer.com/amp/17166253/
 Difficulties in attention
https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/
learning-about-autism/about-autism/asd-
overview
Challenges of Autism in the Classroom
https://butterflyeffects.com/autism-learning-
 Cognitive Processing Delays
center/autism-in-the-classroom-overcoming-
 Delays in the ability to process
challenges/
verbal or written language have a
neurological basis.
Strategies to use:
Give the student the time needed to process
a fact or a question, before expecting a
response including asking for a few seconds,
or simply put up a finger they are thinking.

 Sensory Perception Issues

 Any of the senses can be involved. A
child might be especially sensitive to
certain sounds, have a poor sense of
balance and lack depth perception,
and / or be unable to tolerate certain
tastes and textures of foods. Even the
scratching of a pencil across a piece
of piece might set that child’s nerves
on end in the same way that many of
us are reduced to quivering when a
piece of chalk squeaks on a board.
What to do:
The teacher needs to speak with the
student and encourage him or her to tell
the teacher without shame about any
environmental distractions. By doing
this, the teacher and administrators may