Lecture 1 - Understanding The Fundamental Concepts, Terminologies, and Principles

CDRA TRAINING FOR DHSUD PERSONNEL
Understanding the Fundamental Concepts,

Terminologies, and Principles
March 28, 2022 (Monday)

8:00 AM – 12:00 NN
Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable and Inclusive (BALAI) Filipino Communities

OBJETIVES
• To define and explain the concepts of climate change, hazards,

and risks
• To discuss the terminologies

OUTLINE
• Basic Principles and Concepts

• Understanding Climate, Hazards, and Risk
• Definition of Terms
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND
CONCEPTS

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS
Overview of Climate Change
• What is climate change?
• “It is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to

human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere which
is in addition to natural climate variability observed over a comparable
period of time.”
- United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
• “Any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or

as a result of human activity.”
- Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
Climate and Weather – is there any difference?
Climate Weather
• Long-term average weather pattern in one place • Conditions at one time and place, including
temperature and rainfall
• Influenced by slow changes in the ocean, the

land, the orbit of the earth around the sun, and • Can change very rapidly from day to day, and
the energy output of the sun from year to year
• Fundamentally controlled by the balance of • Changes involve shifts in temperatures, rainfall,

energy of the earth and its atmosphere winds, and clouds
Climate System
To understand climate change is to understand the Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse effect refers
to rise in global
temperature due to the
process by which the
gases in the atmosphere
trap the heat coming
from the sun that is re-
radiated by the earth’s
surface and re- emit it
downwards. Because of
how they warm our
world, these gases are
referred to as
greenhouse gases.
How does the Greenhouse Effect Work?
These greenhouse gases

(GHGs) include water
vapor, clouds, carbon
dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), nitrous oxide
(N2O), and halocarbons.
UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE,
HAZARDS, AND RISK

UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE, HAZARDS, AND RISK
What is Climate Change?
Climate change is the long term shift or alteration in the climate of a specific location or region.
• Climate change is attributed to the dramatic increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into
the atmosphere, trapping heat and creating the greenhouse effect or global warming
Increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)

ENHANCE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
Increase in Global Temperature

GLOBAL WARMING
Change in climate patterns such as rainfall, wind

patterns
CLIMATE CHANGE
Observed global Mean Temperature: Global Temperature Anomaly 1850-2018 relative to 1850-1900
Global warming refers to
the increase in the
earth’s mean
temperature due to the
so-called enhanced
greenhouse effect
The global mean

temperature in 2018 is
0.99 ± 0.13°C above the
pre-industrial baseline
(1850-1900).
CO2 Emissions per Capita
Temperature in the Philippines
The Observed Climate of the Philippines
2018 Report : Observed Climate Trends
and Projected Climate Change
in the Philippines | Policy
Report
• The 2nd report on Philippine climate future information from

DOST-PAGASA
• Ranges of climate projections (i.e., 90th , 50th & 10th

percentile) were computed for each of the RCP 4.5 and
RCP 8.5 emission scenarios
Hazards
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or

condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Types of Hazards
1. Natural Hazards
a. Hydrometeorological Hazards
b. Geological Hazards
2. Man-made Hazards
Hydrometeorological Hazards and their Impacts
• Flood • Strong Wind and Storm Surge
Hydrometeorological Hazards and their Impacts
• Rain-induced Landslide
Geological Hazards and their Impacts
• Sinkhole • Ground Rupture • Liquefaction

Geological Hazards and their Impacts
• Tsunami – Japanese term meaning “harbor waves”
– A series of waves generated by various geological processes
Man-made Hazards
• Fire Incidence
• Pollution
Man-made Hazards
• Conflicts
Why Philippines is the most at risk country?
Highly Susceptible to Flooding and Inundation
• Archipelago, composed of low-lying small islands
• 70% of cities and municipalities are coastal areas
• Highly susceptible to flooding and storm surges

ORMOC FLASHFLOOD
November 1991
INFANTA & AURORA

FLASHFLOOD
Dec 2004
PANAON ISLAND
FLASHFLOOD
Dec 2003
Typhoon “PABLO” (BOPHA)
December 3-9, 2012, 185kph
(Gustiness 220 kph) 1068 deaths
Php 36.9 B damage
YOLANDA
Why is the Philippines prone to hydrometeorological hazards?
1) Steep mountain terrains (prone to landslides and

erosion, and favorable for fast water run
downstream)
2) Vast plains (prone to flooding)
3) Coastal areas (prone to coastal erosion, tsunami

and storm surge)
Why is the Philippines prone to geological hazards?
1) Lies in Pacific Ring of Fire

2) 300 volcanoes (23 active)
3) 20 recorded earthquakes everyday, 200 felt per
year, 90 damaging for the past 400 years
Why is the Philippines prone to geological hazards?
1) Deforestation
2) Siltation of rivers and streams
3) Clogging of waterways and poor drainage in
urban areas
4) Poor selection of settlement areas
5) Improper construction of houses and buildings
What are the strategies to reduce
disaster risk?
Relocation to higher ground
Adaptation by increasing height
of house
What is needed to reduce
vulnerability to disaster risk?
What is needed to reduce
vulnerability to disaster risk?
DEFINITION OF TERMS

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Vulnerability
is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with,

adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and
extremes
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Exposure
Refers to people, property,

systems, or other elements
present in hazard zones that are
subject to potential losses
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Sensitivity
is the degree to which a system

is affected, either adversely or
beneficially, by Climate-related
stimuli
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability

and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of
opportunities, or to cope with the consequences.
Adaptive Capacity
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods
and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage
(UNISDR, 2009)
Hazard
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Probability of occurrence of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the

impacts if these events or trends occur
Risk
Kriza marie Balite, 2022
“Beeeelieve in yourself
Bzzzzzzz…Bzzzzzzz…
……….Bzzzzzzz”
THANK YOU

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CDRA TRAINING FOR DHSUD PERSONNEL

Understanding the Fundamental Concepts,

March 28, 2022 (Monday)

Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable and Inclusive (BALAI) Filipino Communities

• To define and explain the concepts of climate change, hazards,

• To discuss the terminologies

• Basic Principles and Concepts

Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable and Inclusive (BALAI) Filipino Communities

• “It is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to

- United Nations Framework Convention

• “Any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or

• Influenced by slow changes in the ocean, the

• Fundamentally controlled by the balance of • Changes involve shifts in temperatures, rainfall,

These greenhouse gases

Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable and Inclusive (BALAI) Filipino Communities

Increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)

Increase in Global Temperature

Change in climate patterns such as rainfall, wind

The global mean

• The 2nd report on Philippine climate future information from

• Ranges of climate projections (i.e., 90th , 50th & 10th

A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or

• Sinkhole • Ground Rupture • Liquefaction

Highly Susceptible to Flooding and Inundation

• Archipelago, composed of low-lying small islands

• 70% of cities and municipalities are coastal areas

• Highly susceptible to flooding and storm surges

INFANTA & AURORA

1) Steep mountain terrains (prone to landslides and

2) Vast plains (prone to flooding)

3) Coastal areas (prone to coastal erosion, tsunami

1) Lies in Pacific Ring of Fire

Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable and Inclusive (BALAI) Filipino Communities

is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with,

Refers to people, property,

is the degree to which a system

The ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability

Probability of occurrence of hazardous events or trends multiplied by the

Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable and Inclusive (BALAI) Filipino Communities

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