Question 1083 ?

In ASME B 31.3 a thicker wall pipe is joined to a thinner wall pipe. The thicker pipe is taper bored to facilitate
the fit up. What is the maximum slope of the taper bore?

1- 25% Degrees
2- 20% Degrees
3- 30% Degrees
4- 15% Degrees

Question 1084 ?

In ASME Sec IX, A welder is qualified with DCEN . Is he qualified to weld DCEP in the case of GTAW welding ?

1- Yes
2- No

Question 1085 ?

An ASME A335 Grade P9,NPS 8, Schedule 40,pipe is to be welded to an A335 Grade P9,NPS 8,Schedule 40 pipe.
How much is Holding Temperature range required for PWHT?

1- 595 to 650 C
2- 760 to 800 C
3- 675 to 760 C
4- 730 to 815 C

Question 1086 ?

In SMAW the correct arc length is essential to good welding performance. Which factor affect arc length ?

1- Welding Position
2- Electrode diameter
3- Electrode Classification
4- All of the above

Question 1087 ?

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is suitable for what metals?

1- Stainless Steel
2- Carbon Steel
3- Aluminum
4- All of the above
5- Only the first and Second option
Question 1091 ?

which test are to be used for the actual determination of a material toughness ?

1- Macro Test
2- Hardness Test
3- Qualification Weld Test
4- Charpy Test / Impact Test

Question 1092?

According to the standard (ASME Sec IX), the welder who tests the outside size of the pipe 1 inch (25 mm)
to the outside size of the pipe 7/8 2 inches (73 mm), if approved, what are the minimum and maximum
sizes (outside) Can he weld?

1- From 25mm to unlimited

Question 1093 ?

Amine cracking is a form of ________ stress corrosion cracking.

1- Alkaline
2- Hydrogen
3- Caustic
4- Polythionic

Question 1094 ?

The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called ?

1- Radiographic Sensitivity
2- Radiographic Contrast
3- Radiographic Density
4- Radiographic resolution

Question 1095 ?

In ASME B31.3, Flattening of a bend, the difference between maximum and minimum diameters at any cross
section, shall not exceed -------------- of nominal outside diameter for internal pressure and------------------for
external pressure.

1- Shall not exceed 8% of nominal outside diameter for internal pressure and 3% for external pressure.
2- Shall not exceed 3% of nominal outside diameter for internal pressure and 8% for external pressure.
3- Shall not exceed 6% of nominal outside diameter for internal pressure and 3% for external pressure.
4- Shall not exceed 8% of nominal outside diameter for internal pressure and 4% for external pressure.
 Question 1096 ?

Stop valves are allowed on the inlet and outlet side of a pressure Relieving device, provided:

1- They can be locked or sealed in both the open and closed position.

Question 1097 ?

Which following P-No for Steel and Alloy Steel base metal welding ?

1- P-No. 1 through P-No. 15F

Question 1098 ?

Which of the following P-Nos are related to the welding of nickel metals and nickel-based alloys?

1- P-No. 41 through P-No. 49

Question 1099 ?

The zone for preheat shall extend ?

1- At least 1” beyond each edge of the weld

Question 1100 ?

Before bolting up flanged joints, the Inspector should check alignment of the flange bolt holes. They shall
be aligned within _________ inch maximum offset.

1- ¼ inch
2- 1/8 inch
3- 1/16 inch
4- 1/32 inch

Q:- Which type of process we are using in field/fabrication shop?

Answer: Fusion welding

Q:- What is the specification/classification for carbon steel filler wire?

Answer: AWS 5.18/ER70-Sx

Answer: AWS 5.1/E-XXXX

Q:- Where we can use E-6010 type electrode?

Answer: we can use at root pass for deep penetration

Q:- What is the meaning for ASME?

Answer: American Society for Mechanical Engineering

Q:- Which type of electrode we are using in GTAW process?

Answer: Non-Consumable Tungston Electrode

Q:- How Many times we can dry the electrodes?

Answer: Only one time

Q:- Why we are baking the electrodes?

Answer: To remove the moisture content from the Electrodes.

Q:- What is the standard for Structural steel fabrication?

Answer: AWS D1.1

Q:- What is the standard for Welding symbols?

Answer: AWS A2.4.

Q:- What is the hydrotest pressure?

Answer: 1.5 Times of design pressure.

Q:- What is the drying temperature for Stainless Steel electrodes?

Answer: 120 to 250 degree temperature.

Answer: 260 to 430 degree temperature.baking for two hours

Q:- What are the defects we can find in visual Inspection?

Answer: Porosity,Undercut,Surface crack (HIC),Side wall fusion on fusion boundary.

Q:- What is the Procedure for Fit-Up inspection?

Answer: Base metal classification,cleaning,Alignment,root gap,root face,bevel angle & mismatch (or) overlap.

Q:- What is the internal overlap (or) mismatch for piping?

Answer: 1.5 mm.

Q:- How much root face are allowed?

Answer: As per WPS (or) 0.8 to 1.6 mm

Q:- What is meaning for F – Number?

Answer: F- is filler metal grouping Number.

Q:- What is meaning for P – Number?

Answer: P – is base metal grouping Number.

Q:- What is meaning for A – Number?

Answer: A – is electrode chemical analysis number.

Q:- How much bead width we can allow?

Answer: Max 3 times of electrode diameter.

Q:- How much area is required for Pre-heat?

Answer: 75 mm minimum from both end of the Joint.

Q:- Which section we are using for NDT?

Q:- What are the essential variables for SMAW process?

Answer: In base metal thickness, P-number, dia of pipe, pre, post weld heat treatment In filler metals F,A-
numbers, dia

Q:- What are the essential variables for GTAW process?

Answer: In Base Metal thickness, P-number, dia of pipe, pre, post weld heat treatment… In Filler Metals F, A-
numbers,dia of filler metal

Q:- If welder made test by 2’’ dia, what is his range qualified?

Answer: He has qualified 1’’-dia and above.

Q:- If welder made test by 14 mm thickness, what is his thickness range qualified?

Answer: He has qualified unlimited thickness.

Q:- What is carbon % in low carbon steel?

Answer: Max 0.30 %

Q:- What is the interpass temperature for carbon steel materials?

Answer: Max 315’C

Q:- What is meaning for SAES,SAEP and SAMSS?

Answer: Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures Saudi Aramco Materials
System Specification.

Q:- How much under cut depth allowed in piping?

Answer: 0.8 mm

Q:- How much area is required for Pre-heat?

Answer: 75 mm minimum from both end of the Joint.

Answer: Test pressure plus10% (10% should be lesser than 50Psi).

Q:- How much gap is allowed in socket weld?

Answer: 1.5 mm minimum before welding.

Q:- What is the minimum fillet size in socket weld?

Answer: Minimum 3 mm fillet size.

𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥

(SMAW):

𝟭- 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘂𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲-𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝘂𝗺 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟭𝟬):

With cellulosic material in the form of wood flour or reprocessed low alloy electrodes have up to 30 percent
paper.

The gas shield contains carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which are reducing agents.

These gases tend to produce a digging arc that provides deep penetration. (used often for pipelines)

𝟮- 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘂𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲-𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘂𝗺 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟭𝟭): This electrode is very similar to the -cellulose-sodium electrode, except
more potassium is used than sodium.

𝟯- 𝗥𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗲-𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝘂𝗺 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟭𝟮):

With rutile or titanium dioxide content is relatively high with respect to the other components. Provides a
fairly high rate of deposition.

𝟰- 𝗥𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗲-𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘂𝗺 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟭𝟯): This electrode coating is very similar to the rutile-sodium type, except that
potassium is used to provide arc ionization.

𝟱- 𝗥𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗲-𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗱𝗲𝗿 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝗫𝟰):

Very similar to the rutile coatings mentioned above, except that iron powder is added. If iron content is 25 to
40 percent, the deposition rate is increased based on the amount of iron powder in the coating.

𝟲- 𝗟𝗼𝘄 𝗵𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻-𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝘂𝗺 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝗫𝟱):

With high proportion of calcium carbonate or calcium fluoride are called low hydrogen, lime ferritic, or basic
type electrodes.

These electrode coatings are baked at a higher temperature and stored under controlled conditions.

They provide the highest ductility with medium arc and moderate penetration.

𝟳- 𝗟𝗼𝘄 𝗵𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻-𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘂𝗺 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝗫𝟲):

This type of coating is similar to the low hydrogen-sodium, except for the substitution of potassium for sodium
to provide arc ionization.
𝟴- 𝗟𝗼𝘄 𝗵𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻-𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗜𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗱𝗲𝗿 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟭𝟴):

The coatings in this class of electrodes are similar to the low-hydrogen type mentioned above. If Iron powder
added with content higher than 35 to 40 percent, the electrode is classified as an EXX18.

𝟵- 𝗟𝗼𝘄 𝗵𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻-𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗱𝗲𝗿 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟮𝟴):

Similar to the EXX18 but has 50 percent or more iron powder in the coating. It is usable only when welding in
the horizontal fillet and flat positions. The deposition rate is higher than EXX18.

𝟭𝟬- 𝗜𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝘅𝗶𝗱𝗲-𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗶𝘂𝗺 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟮𝟬):

With high iron oxide content produce a weld deposit with a large amount of slag. This can be difficult to
control.However, it produces high-speed deposition and medium penetration .

𝟭𝟭- 𝗜𝗿𝗼𝗻-𝗼𝘅𝗶𝗱𝗲-𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 (𝗘𝗫𝗫𝟮𝟳):

Very similar to the iron oxide-sodium type, except it contains 50 percent or more iron power. The increased
amount of iron power greatly increases the deposition rate.
𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗰 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻?

To protect steel objects that are in the ground or water from 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣, Cathodic protection (CP) is used.

By the supply of direct current to steel objects, potential is lowered.

So, This lowered potential slows down the corrosion process.

𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗰 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸?

𝟭-Cathodic protection works to prevent oxidation, stopping corrosion. When metals oxidize, metal atoms turn
to oxides.

𝟮-Electrons flow from a place of high electrical potential to a place of low potential.

𝟯-Cathodic protection eliminates this difference in potential. The electric current cannot flow and the
oxidation process cannot take place. This is how we prevent corrosion.

𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗰 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (𝗖𝗣):

𝟭- Self Sacrificial Anodes

A piece of metal, which is base metal, is coupled to the pipe to be protected.

This piece of metal forms the anode and is usually made of zinc, aluminum or magnesium. This coupling
creates a protective current for the steel object. The anode is sacrificed (rather than steel pipe), as it were, for
the protection of the object.

𝟮- Impressed Current

A current with an external power source. This is called an Impressed Current Cathodic Protection system.

The external current source is usually provided by a rectifier in combination with a base metal piece.
𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐬 𝐏𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐥 𝐖𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠?

Purging is the oxygen-removing process from stainless steel before welding.

Using an inert gas (Helium or Argon but often Argon because more cheaper) flows over the weld, not
interfering with the joint by expelling oxygen from the pipe joints.

𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐈𝐬 𝐏𝐮𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐍𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐈𝐧 𝐖𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠?

Metals may react with oxygen as a lot of heat is generated during welding.

The oxidation will be the cause of worse and softer welding.

Unprotected welding may cause cracks.

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐅𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞?

- Used with an orifice flow meter to measure the flow rate of either liquids or gasses that pass through the
pipe.

- Always be with two sets of flanges, Orifice Plate, Gaskets, Pressure taps, and Jack screw hole with two
jackscrews. (see photo)

𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬

- This is simply a metal plate with a hole in the middle for fluid to flow through (typically sandwiched between
two flanges of a pipe joint) allowing for easy installation and removal to make pressure difference and hence
measuring flow rates.