Name of the Student__________________________________________________

Learning Area/Grade Level: ___________________________________________

Date: ___________________________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
You have been learning a lot about electricity from Grade 3 to Grade 7. You have
learned about its sources and uses, what materials make good conductors of electricity,
what makes up an electric circuit, and how electrical energy is transferred or transformed
into other forms of energy.
In this Learning Packet, you will learn more about electricity. There are quantities that
you should be familiar within the study of electricity, such as current and voltage.

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM THE MELC

MELC: Infer the relationship between Current and Voltage
Objectives:
1. Define current and voltage;
2. Determine the amount of current and voltage in a circuit; and
3. Explain the relationship between current and voltage

III. ACTIVITIES
A. Elicit
A simple electric circuit is any arrangement of materials that permits
electrons to flow. It contains a source of electric energy and parts that convert
electric energy into other forms of energy. Below is an example of an electric
circuit. Use the figure below to answer the succeeding questions.

1. What are the parts of a complete electrical circuit?

2. A flashlight has a spring at its base. What do you
think is its purpose?
3. Is the flashlight shown in the figure an example of a
closed-circuit or an open circuit? Why do you say so?

Figure 1.
https://pixabay.com/photos/flashlight-tool-
torch-beam-5458696/

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 B. Engage

A circuit with a 2.5 bulb connected to a 3v power

source is shown in Figure 2. Who do you think among
Max, Nux, and Tom correctly answered Juan’s question?
Why? Figure 2.

C. Explore
ACTIVITY 1: CURRENT AND VOLTAGE

In this activity, you are going to define current and voltage. Study the
illustrations below of three different circuits, then answer the questions that follow.
The voltage rating of each dry cell is 1.5 V, and the bulb has a voltage rating of 2.5 V.

CIRCUIT 1 CIRCUIT 2 CIRCUIT 3

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Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the brightness of the bulb in each circuit? In which circuit
does the bulb glow brightest? Why?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. What makes each bulb glow?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Based on your answer in no. 2, how would you define electric current?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. What causes the electric charges to move along the circuit?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Based on your answer in no. 4, how would you define voltage?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. In which circuit the voltage is greatest? Why?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Summarize your answer in the table below:
Table 1:

AMOUNT OF CURRENT VOLTAGE

CIRCUIT
(less, many, more) (less, many, more)
1
2
3

8. Using your data in Table 1, how would you explain the relationship between current
and voltage?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2: MEASURE ME…

Part A. Measuring Current

In this activity, you are going to determine the amount of current in a circuit
using an ammeter. Study and analyze the illustrations below which show different
circuits then answer the questions that follow. In each circuit, a 2.5 V bulb is
connected to a 3.0 V dry cell.

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 1. In which circuit will the bulb light up? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
2. What indicates that the bulb will light up?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What causes the deflection of the ammeter needle?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Part B. Measuring Voltage

In this activity, you are going to determine the amount of voltage in a

circuit. Study and analyze the illustrations below which show different circuits with
a voltmeter then answer the questions that follow. In each circuit, a 2.5 V bulb is
connected to a 3.0 dry cell

1. In which circuit will the bulb light up? Why?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. What indicates that the bulb will light up?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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 3. What causes the deflection of the voltmeter needle?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

D. Explain

Take time to read and understand the following concepts for you to confirm the
ideas from the activities you have answered.

As you can see in the simple circuit figure, like the one
in the right (Figure 3), each part forms a continuous path
through which a charge can flow. This continuous flow of
electric charge is an electric current. Electric charges
can be made to move through a conducting material. The
electric charges are the electrons of the conducting
materials. Materials such as copper, steel, and aluminum
have a lot of loosely held electrons which made them
good conductors of electricity. Current is a measure of
the number of charges passing through a cross-section
Figure 3: Simple Circuit
of a conductor in a given time. Electric current is measured in
amperes using an ammeter. An ammeter is connected in
series with the load/s whose current you are to measure.
An ammeter measures electric current. Figure 4 shows how the ammeter is
connected in a circuit. The positive terminal of an ammeter is connected to the positive
terminal of the energy source (e.g., battery), while the negative terminal is connected to the
negative terminal of the energy source, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Ammeter connected in a circuit

In a circuit, work must be done on the charges to make them move. The battery
supplies the energy in electric circuits. The chemical energy in the battery is transformed into
electrical energy. This electrical energy moves the charges in a circuit.

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 Voltage is measured in volts using a Voltmeter. A Voltmeter is connected across the
load being tested. The symbol for voltage is the capital letter V. The unit, volts (V), is named
after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who invented the voltaic pile, the forerunner of
what we now call the dry cell.

A battery consists of several dry cells or wet cells. Both dry and wet cells contain a
conducting medium called an electrolyte. The batteries we use in flashlights and watches are
dry cells.
A voltmeter measures voltage. Figure 5
shows how the voltmeter is connected to a circuit.
The voltmeter should be connected across the load
being tested. Figure 5 shows how the voltmeter is
connected across the two points in a load of a circuit.

The dry cell provides the energy that moves

the charges in a circuit. The dry cell must be
connected by conducting wires to a load to form a
complete circuit. Adding dry cells in series increases
Figure 5: Voltmeter connected across
the voltage in a circuit. The brightness of the bulb the load of a circuit
also indicates the amount of current passing through
it. The bigger the current through the bulb, the brighter it glows. The activity shows that as
the voltage increases, the current also increases.

E. Elaborate

This time, who do you think among Max, Nux, and Tom correctly answered Juan’s
question? Do you have the same answer now than you answered earlier? Why?

Part I

Your answer:

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

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Part II.
All electrical appliances are designed to work efficiently at a certain voltage. This is
called Voltage rating. It is usually written at the back of an appliance. For instance, a TV set
has a voltage rating as shown in the picture below. Why is it necessary for the appliances to
match the voltage source?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

F. Extend

Now that you have understood important concepts on the relationship

between voltage and current let’s extend your understanding a little further by
answering the next task.
A data table is presented below about voltage and current. Study it then
answers the succeeding questions:

A 120 Ω resistor was connected to a power source with Voltag Current

varying voltage values. The obtained current values are shown e (A)
below: (V)
3 0.025
1. What happens to current when V is increased at constant 6 0.05
R? 9 0.075
______________________________________________ 12 0.10
15 0.125
2. What effect will double the voltage have on current in a 18 0.15
given circuit? 21 0.0175
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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3. Plot a graph of Voltage (V) vs Current (I). What is the shape of the graph?

G. Evaluate
Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following statements correctly describe electric current?
A. It is measured in volts.
B. It is measured using a voltmeter.
C. It is the energy that moves the charges in a circuit.
D. It is the measure of the number of electrical charges passing through a cross-
section of a conductor in a given time.

2. Given the illustrations below, which circuit has the lowest amount of current in the circuit?
The voltage of each dry cell is 1.5 V and the bulb has a voltage rating of 2.5 V.

A. Circuit 1 C. Circuit 3
B. Circuit 2 D. Circuit 2 and 3

3. Which of the following correctly describes a voltage?

A. It is measured in amperes.
B. It is measured using an ammeter.
C. It is the energy that moves the charges in a circuit.
D. It is the measure of the number of electrical charges passing through a
cross-section of a conductor in a given time.

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4. Given the illustrations below, which circuit has the lowest amount of voltage in the circuit?
The voltage rating of each dry cell is 1.5 V and the bulb has a voltage rating of 2.5 V.

A. Circuit 1 C. Circuit 3
B. Circuit 2 D. Circuit 2 and 3

5. What can you infer on the relationship between current and voltage from the data table
provided below:

CURRENT
VOLTAGE (volts)
(Ampere)
3 0.024
6 0.06
9 0.075
12 0.99
15 0.130

A. As voltage decreases, the current increases.

B. As voltage increases, the current decreases.
C. As the voltage increases, the current remains the same.
D. As the voltage increases, the current also increases.

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IV. ANSWER KEY
A. Elicit
1. A complete electric circuit is composed of a power source, connecting wires, a load
and a switch.
2. The spring at the base of a flashlight serves as conductor that interconnects the
different parts of the circuit. It provides path for electrons/charge to flow in the circuit.
3. The flashlight shown in the figure is an example of a closed circuit because the bulb
is working, or it is lighted which indicate complete path for electrons to flow.

B. Engage
Max: The charge flowing in the circuit increases as you add more dry cells

C. Explore
Activity 1: Current and Voltage
1. The brightness of the bulb is different in each circuit. The bulb glows the brightest in
Circuit 3 because it has more number of charges/electrons flowing in the circuit and it
has more number of dry cells.
2. Each bulb glows since it is a close circuit which enable charges/electric current to
pass through the wire.
3. Electric current is the flow of electrons/charges in a circuit.

4. The voltage provides by the battery/dry cells causes the electric charges to move
along the circuit.
5. Voltage is the energy that moves the charges in the circuit.

6. The voltage is greatest in Circuit 3 because it has a total of 4.5 volts as power
source.
7. Table 1: Circuit 1 – less – less
Circuit 2 – many – many
Circuit 3 – more – more
8. As voltage increases, current also increases

Activity 2: Measure Me
Part A. Current
1. Circuit 2 because it is closed circuit.
2. The deflection of the ammeter needle indicates that the bulb lights up.
3. The deflection of ammeter needle is caused by the presence or flow of charges in
the circuit.

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 Part B. Voltage
1. The bulb light up in Circuit 2 because it is closed circuit.
2. The deflection of the voltmeter needle indicates that the bulb lights up.
3. The deflection of the voltmeter needle is caused by the voltage supply in the
circuit.

D. Elaborate
Part I. Max: The charge flowing in the circuit increases as you add more dry cells
Part II. It is necessary for the appliances to match the voltage source when using it
so that it will function properly and damage to appliances will be avoided. If
connected to a lower voltage source, it will not work efficiently. The electric
current through it will not be enough. If connected to a higher source, a large
amount of current will go through the appliance and may damage it.

E. Extend
1. Current increases when V is increased at constant R.
2. Doubling the voltage will double the current in a given circuit.
3. Straight-line graph

F. Evaluate
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D

V. REFLECTION

Complete the statement below:

1. I have learned that
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

2. I wish to ask my teacher about

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

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VI. REFERENCES
Department of Education. Region V. Prototype and Contextualized Daily Lesson Plans in
Grade 8 Science Quarter 1. 2019

Department of Education. Science-Grade 8 Learner’s Module. 2016. Philippines, FEP

Printing Corporation

Department of Education. Science-Grade 8 Teachers Guide. 2016 Philippines.

Department of Education. Physics .Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year.
Mandaluyong City: Book Media Press, Inc.

Department of Education-Division of Sorsogon. Science Quarter 1- Module Grade 8 - 12:

Current. 2020. Philippines
Department of Education-Division of Sorsogon. Science Quarter 1- Module Grade 8 - 13:
Voltage. 2020. Philippines
Department of Education-Division of Sorsogon. Science Quarter 1- Module Grade 8 - 15:
Current and Voltage. 2020. Philippines
Peter Kramer. Flashlight Tool Torch. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/photos/flashlight-tool-
torch-beam-5458696/

SMILE LEARNER’S PACKET DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Writer: JANETH B. DELLOMAS

Reviewers: MICHELLE H. GUADAMOR

WELIMEN C. OSEO
MA. CHARLENE D. DIPAD

Layout Artists: JERIEL G. MARTIREZ

Editors: CHRISTINA G. GUAÑIZO-BENTIC

MA. CHARLENE D. DIPAD

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