EnviScie Module

OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Tugas, Balangasan Dist. Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines

Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Course Code GE Elec 1
Descriptive Title Environmental Science
Units 3
Pre-Requisite -
Academic Year A.Y. 2020-2021
Semester/Summer Summer 2020
Course Description The environmental science subject aims to make the students
competent to do scientific work and to find out practical solutions to
current environmental problems. The students acquire the ability to
analyze the environmental parameters like the aquatic, terrestrial
and atmospheric systems and their interactions with the biosphere
and astrosphere.
Course Learning On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Outcomes 1. Create awareness among, the students to know about various
renewable and non-renewable resources of the regions. The
endowment or potential, patterns of utilization and the
balance of various resources available for future use in the
state of a country are analyzed in the study.
2. Provide necessary information about biodiversity richness and

the potential dangers to the species of plants, animals and
microorganisms in the environment.
3. Understand the causes and consequences due to natural and

main induced disasters (flood, earthquake, landslide, cyclones
etc.,) and pollutions and measures to minimize the effects.
4. Evaluate alternative responses to environmental issues before

deciding an alternative course of action.
5. Environmentally literate citizens (by knowing the

environmental acts, rights, rules, legislations, etc.) to make
appropriate judgments and decisions for the protection and
improvement of the earth.
6. Identify and develop appropriate and indigenous eco-friendly

skills and technologies to various environmental issues.
7. Teach the students the need for sustainable utilization of

resources as these resources are inherited from our ancestors
to the younger generating without deteriorating their quality.
Page 1 of 16
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
Instructor Janemae V. Solis
Email Address Jane.maesolis@gmail.com
Facebook
Contact Number 09563056700
Module Topics Coverage

1 1. Introduction to Environmental Science Midterm
2. Natural Resources: Renewable and Non-
Renewable resources land and water natural
resources
2 3. Global Warning and climate change Final
4. Environmental issues: Cause and effects
5. Disaster management, foods, earthquakes,
cyclones and landslide
Grading System
Grade Equivalent Interpretation
1.0 95-100% Excellent

1.1 94%
1.2 93%
1.3 92% Very Good
1.4 91%
1.5 90%
1.6 89%
1.7 88%
1.8 87% Good
1.9 86%
2.0 85%
2.1 84%
2.2 83%
2.3 82%
2.4 81%
2.5 80%
2.6 79% Fair
2.7 78%
2.8 77%
2.9 76%
3.0 75% Passed
5.0 below 75% Failed
Dr Dropped Dropped
This course shall adopt this grade distribution guide as follows:

Quizzes, Assignment – 30%
Oral Recitation, Portfolio, – 30%
Examination/Major Quiz – 40%
100%
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
MODULE 1
TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
Learning Outcomes:
1. Recognize the importance of environmental science in the society
2. Identify the importance of environmental science
3. Locate all the resources both land and water
Overview/Introduction:
Good day everyone!
Our subject for the summer 2019-2020 is all about Environmental Science. If we are
going to go deeper to this subject, the duration of summer class is not enough. So, I’m going
to pick essentials topic only.
Understanding Environmental Science:
What is environment?
- Environment is derived from the French word Environner, which means encircle
or surrounding.
- Environment is a complex of many variables, which surrounds man as well as the
living organisms. Environmental studies describe the interrelationships among
organisms, the environment and all the factors, which influence life on earth,
including atmospheric conditions, food chains, the water cycle, etc. It is a basic
science about our earth and its daily activities, and therefore, this science is
important for one and all.
Read and Understand:
Man and nature have lived together and as long as man‘s wants were in conformity
with nature, there was no problem. But unfortunately, man‘s ambition for limitless
enjoyment and comfort has led him towards the exploitation of nature‘s wealth so
indiscriminately as to reduce nature‘s capacity for self-stabilization. The indiscriminate
exploitation of nature over centuries has created numerous environmental problems. Man‘s
voracious appetite for resources and his desire to conquer nature has put him on collision
course with environment. The demands of his explosive technological society impose intense
stress on the state of equilibrium with the environment. Major environmental issues
threatening mankind are Global warming, water pollution, pesticide pollution, Hazardous
waste, biomedical wastes, e waste, and loss of biodiversity. Today we have a lot of factories.
What has come out of these?
Pesticides, detergents, plastics, solvents, paints, dyes, food additives etc. Due to progress in
atomic energy, there are also been an increase in radioactivity in the biosphere. Besides
these there are a number of industrial effluent and emissions particularly poisonous gases in
the atmosphere. Mining activities also added to this problem particularly as solid waste.
Such activities of man had adverse effect on all forms of living organisms in the biosphere.
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
The earth planet along with the atmosphere (air, land, water) that sustains life is called the
Biosphere. Due to lack of development of a culture of pollution control, there has resulted a
heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid and solid pollution in our country. The solid wastes which
causes pollution are Hazardous waste, pesticides, medical waste etc. they are become the
major environmental issues in addition to automobile pollution, climate change, water
pollution, pesticide pollution and biodiversity loss in our country and worldwide.
Activity 1.0
Reflection:
Imagine if we continue to destruct our environment, what will happen to the next
generation?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Natural Resources: Renewable and Nonrenewable resources

Resources
- Is anything needed by an organism or group of organisms.
- Any material which can be transformed in a way that it becomes more valuable
and useful.
- In the case of human, is any form of energy of matter essential for the fulfillment of
physiological, socio-economic and cultural needs, both at the individual level and
that of the community.
Environment
-The sum of all physical, chemical, biological and social factors, which compose the
surroundings of man.
- Each element of these surroundings constitutes a resource on which man draws in
order to develop a better life.
Non-renewable resources
- Resources which are not reproducible and are obtained from the fenite non-living
Ex: coal and metals
Natural resources
- It can be utilize by a man to promote the welfare.
- Can be used for economic gain.
- Materials or substances such as minerals, land, air, forest, rangeland, wildlife water, fish or even
human that occur in nature.
- The five basic ecological variables – energy, matters, space, time and diversity are sometimes
combined called natural resources.
Solar Energy
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
Soil Oil
Coal Fish
Birds Trees
Plants Water
Oceans Timber
Energy Metals
Flowers Animals
Minerals Oxygen
Natural Gas Fossil Fuel
Atmosphere
Illustration 1.0
The above illustration shows all the resources that are needed in the environment.
Renewable resources
- Are those which are reproducible and are obtained from biomass of living
organism.
- For Example: Forest, potentially renewable can become nonrenewable resources, if
used for a prolonged time at a faster rate than it is renewed by natural resources.
Illustration 1.1
Shows the relationship between the different types of resources.
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
ACTIVITY 1.2
REFLECTION
Instruction: Answer comprehensively as possible. You will be graded base on the criteria
below.
1. In your own opinion, what is the condition of our environment today?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. How far did you know about the environment?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. What can you contribute to preserve the environment?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
NAME: _________________________________________________
Score
Page 6 of 16
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
TOPIC 2: NATURAL RESOURCES: FOREST, WILDLIFE, ENERGY AND
FOOD RESOURCES
Learning Outcomes:
1. Discover and learn the Forest life and wildlife
2. Distinguish the sources of energy.
3. Evaluate the cause and effect of the environmental issues to the forest and wilflife.
Overview/Introduction:
Good morning everyone!
Today we are going to talk about the continuation of the Natural Resources. We are
going to focus in Forest, Wildlife, Energy and Food resources.
Forest it is a natural ecosystem having multispecies.
es and multiage trees as dominant community.

- It covers about 1/3rd of the earth’s land surface of which about 50% is
occupied by tropical forest.
- Forest are important in two ways ecologically and economically.
Let me ask you, what is deforestation?
Deforestation is a consequence of over-exploitation of our natural ecosystems for
space, energy and materials.
- Or simply cutting of trees without replacing it.
Deforestation causes can either be Direct or Indirect
Natural causes as Hurricanes, fires, and floods
Human activities as
 Expansion of Agriculture
- Expanding agriculture is one of the most important causes of deforestation.
- As demands on agriculture products rise more and more land is brought under
cultivation for which forest are cleared, grass-lands prolonged, uneven grounds
leveled, marshes drained and even land underwater is reclaimed.
 Cattle Ranching
- Large areas of tropical forest in North Eastern States have been cleared for use
as grazing land to raise cattle and agricultural purpose.
- The soil degenerates within a short span of time due to over-grazing and
massive soil erosion occurs.
 Timber Harvesting
- Centuries old tree are cut down to make timber or cellulose for the furniture or
paper industry. Any system employed for wood cutting causes serious damage
to the ecosystem and these damages are amplified by construction of roads
required for vehicle and to transport chopped timber to its destination. For this
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
reason, also many other economically unattractive trees which have an
important biological and ecological value are cut down.
 Firewood Collection
- This activity is undertaken especially by native populations, which due to
recent population growth, must provide energy sources for their survival. This
phenomenon adds to large-scale industrial timber exploitation
 Road Construction
 Besides the construction of roads to transport timber, also Dam construction and
industrial exploitation of mines contribute to massive deforestation.
Indirect Causes of Deforestation
 Insufficient political and governance failure as inadequate land tenure system,
corruption, wrong public administration and investment.
 Political and socio-economic causes as population growth military conflicts and
climatic changes.
Consequences of Deforestation
ACTIVITY 1.3
CONTEMPLATE: Share your thoughts about the following:
What will happen if (we) people continue to cut trees?
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
WILDLIFE
- traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include
all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by
humans.
- It is undomesticated species of vertebrae animals.
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Mollusk, insects and plants are all now represented on national and
international lists of threatened and endangered species.
Reasons to value wildlife:
1. Aesthetic value – everyone appreciates the natural beauty or artistic appeal present in
animal life.
Example:
 Giant Pandas
 Bald eagles
 Infant harp seals
2. Recreational Value – wild species offer recreational value
Example:
 Sport Hunting
 Bird watching
3. Ecological Value – every species plays an important role within the ecosystem.
Example:
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
 Alligators – create depressions in swamps and marshes. During periods of
drought, these alligators holes offer critical refuge to water-dependent-life-
forms.
4. Educational and scientific value – are those that serve in teaching and learning about
biology and scientific principles.
5. Utilitarian Value – from its practical uses
Example:
 Genetic reservoir for crops and livestock improvement to diverse biomedical and
pharmaceutical uses.
6. Commercial value - related to utilitarian value
Example:
 Sale of furs
 Hunting leases
The uncultivated Flora and the undomesticated fauna amongst the plants and animals or
any form existing in natural surroundings. Flora and Fauna provides aesthetic, recreational
and economic benefits.
- For maintaining the balance of nature, wildlife plays an integral part.
Flora – plant life occurring in a particular region or time
- The term flora in Latin means “Goddess of the Flower.”
- is a collective term for a group of plant life found in a particular region. The
whole plant kingdom is represented by this name.
- is classified and differentiated based on many factors. The best one among them is the
area in which they grow or are found. Some grow in desert regions or in water, some
are found in hilly areas while some are endemic to a specific geographic location.
- According to the place at which they grow, they have adaptations also.
- For example, Cactus plants are naturally seen in deserts. They have adaptations like
modified leaves or prickles to preserve water and protect themselves from predators.
- The agricultural flora consists of plants cultivated by men for their use.
Horticulture - is the practice of growing ornamental and decorative flowers which are also
known as garden flora.
Fauna – is all of the animal life in any particular region or time.
- represents the animal life indigenous to a region. There are many explanations
regarding the origin of the word.
- As per Roman mythology, Fauna or “Faunus” is the name of the goddess of fertility.
- “Fauns” which means “Forest spirits.“
Animal kingdom comprises of a variety of animal life forms. Hence the classification of fauna
is much more complex than the floral division. Therefore, for ease of classification;
 Birds are categorized in the name Avifauna

 Fishes under Pisci Fauna.
 Microorganisms including bacteria and virus are generally considered under animal
kingdom, they are known as Microfauna.
 All unknown and undiscovered animals are named as cryptofauna.
Since time immemorial, there have been accounts of animals that have been thought to exist
but have eluded the scientific community, thereby classifying them as cryptofauna or
cryptids.
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
Today, wildlife species are gradually dis appearing and number is becoming reduced.
Basic reasons for the disappearance of wildlife:
1. Destruction of their natural habitat due to expanding agriculture, urbanization and
industrialization.
2. Overgrazing by domestic animals that convert the area into dessert.
3. Hunting/poaching on a large scale for meat, fur, ivory for commercial exploitation
4. Export of some species.
5. An unbalanced sex ratio
ENERGY RESOURCES
Fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil represent the principal source of energy and supply
about eighty per cent of the commercial energy requirement.
Fossil fuels – are types of sedimentary organic materials
-often loosely called bitumens with asphalt, a solid and petroleum, the
liquid form.
- Natural gas is an abundant fossil fuel that consists largely of methane and ethane,
although traces of higher alkanes are present.
Fossil evidence shows that coal is mostly derived from the burial of terrestrial
vegetation with high proportion of lignin and cellulose.
Nuclear power – is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels and considered as “the clear
energy alternative”
Hydroelectric power - from damming the river - spinning the water turbines has the
attraction providing a low-cost, renewable, air pollution-free energy sources.
Several sustainable, environmentally benign energy sources that should be developed.
Among these are:
 Wind power
 Biomass ( burning renewable energy crops such as fast-growing trees or
shrubs)
 Small-scale hydropower (low head or run-of the river turbine’s)
 Passive-solar space heating
 Active-solar water heaters
 Photovoltaic energy ( direct conversion of sunlight to electricity)
 Ocean tidal or wave power
CONVENTIONAL EXHAUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES
 Fire wood:
Man has been logging down the trees for various purposes including to get firewood as
an important one. This lead to thinning of woodland that had serious consideration
from both ecological and economic viewpoint. The only way out to the problem is
making available to the village the cheaper non-conventional energy source such as
biogas and solar energy in reusable form.
 Fossil fuel:
Are the most extensively used sources of energy to-day. Increase in population and
per capital energy demand coupled with the industrialization at a faster rate are
factors responsible for depletion of fossil fuel. Petroleum and natural gas today fulfill
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
60% of the world’s total energy requirements. If the exploitation and consumption of
these resources continues at the present incredible rate, there supply may lost only for
a few more decades.
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY AND IN-EXHAUSTIBLE ENERGY RESOURCES
 Solar Energy:
This resource can especially be tapped more effectively in the regions where there are
long run shine hours. It is specially drawn attention for its practically free steady
supply and pollution free.
 Wind Power
Is being used in running mills, irrigation of fields and carrying out other farm
activities.
 Hydro power
Is considered to the cheapest source of electricity
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
 Atomic Power
Atomic power appears to be the only hope for large-scale energy requirement. When
fossil fuels are exhausted. Atomic energy has its application not only in generation of
electricity but has successfully been used in chemical and food processing industry.
The important constraints and maintenance of plants and also disposal of radioactive
waste.
Nuclear power plants heat water to produce steam. The steam is used to spin large
turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear power plants use heat produced during
nuclear fission to heat water.
 Bio-Energy
renewable energy produced by living organisms.
Bioenergy comes from trees and crops grown for their energy content and from by-
products such as sewage, straw, manure, animal and vegetable fat and rubbish.
These energy sources are referred to as biomass feedstocks. Biomass can be burned
to produce heat. This heat can be used directly or used to generate electricity.
Organic wastes provides an important renewable source of energy. It is considered to

be advantageous in view of its relatively cheaper supply, and are of organic wastes in
its generation reduces the impending threat of pollution due to their release in
environment.
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
FOOD RESOURCES
The main food resource include wheat, rice, maize, potato, barley, oats, cassava, sugarcane,
pulses, cereals, about 20 or 50 common fruits and vegetables, milk, meat, fish, and sea
foods.
76% of the world food is produced from croplands and most of it produced grains. About 17%
of world food obtained from rangeland ( meat etc) and 7% of world food supplied by oceanic
fisheries. About 30,000 plant species are eatable. 2/3 of the people used traditional grains
(rice, wheat etc.,). People consume more beef, pork, chicken; egg etc., Fish and sea food are
the important sources of food. Milk product are also widely used.
World food Problems:
 The world population increases and cultivate land area decreases

 Due to inadequate rainfall, the productivity of food reduced by every year.
 Environmental degradation like soil erosion, water logging, water pollution, salinity
affects agricultural lands.
 Urbanization is another problem for the reduction of agricultural lands.
- The Philippines, located in the middle of the Pacific, has experienced several threats to
food security over the past few years. Food supply has been gravely affected by a string
of natural calamities that have rendered farmer crops unusable, while problems
caused by the lack of adequate infrastructure have posed an unnecessary and
formidable challenge to farmers .
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Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
Assessment 1.0
Instructions: Identify what is being asked. SCORE
Name: ___________________________________________
_______1. The earth planet along with the atmosphere that sustained life is called?
_______2. It means encircle or surrounding.
_______3. It is any form of energy of matter essential for the fulfillment of physiological,
socio- economic and cultural needs, both at the individual level and that of the
community.
_______4. Resources which are not reproducible and are obtained from finite non-living.
_______5. It can be utilize by a man to promote the welfare.
_______6. Those resources which are reproducible and are obtained from biomass of living
organism.
_______7. It is a natural ecosystem having multispecies.
_______10. It refers to undomesticated animal species and all organism.
_______11. Every species plays an important role within the ecosystem.
_______12. It is the practice of growing ornamental and decorative flowers which are also
known as garden flora.
_______13. The term flora in Latin means?
_______14. It is a type of sedimentary organic materials.
________15 – 20. Non-conventional energy resources.
Name: Course & Year:

Important Reminder:
 For Category 1 students: Answer this assessment sheet and submit personally to OLT
during your next visit for consultation.
 For Category 2 students: Answer this assessment sheet and submit either personally to
OLT during your next visit for consultation or to the instructor’s email address.
 For Category 3 students: Answer this assessment sheet and submit it to the instructor’s
email address or through your Schoology account.
Page 15 of 16
Document Title:
ISO 9001:2015
COURSE MODULE IN
ASSIGNMENT:
Please read related article about environmental issues and problems
Note: Your output activity No. 1, 2 and 3 will be compiled and put it to a brown
Envelope with your name at the back of it.
Deadline of submission: To be arranged.
You will be rated according to the criteria below.
References:
Books:
Caughley, G. Analysis of Vertebrate Populations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977.
Kellert, S. Trends in Animal Use and Perception in 20th Century America. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1981.
Matthiessen, P. Wildlife in America. 2nd ed. New York: Viking Books, 1987.
McCullough, D. The George Reserve Deer Herd. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1979.
Electronics:
Agri.com
https://www.ephotozine.com/article/10-top-examples-of-wildlife---nature-photography-21080
https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-power-plant/npp/
https://www.borgenmagazine.com/causes-food-insecurity-in-the-philippines/#:~:text=Food%20supply%20has
%20been%20gravely,and%20formidable%20challenge%20to%20farmers.&text=The%20economy%20of%20the
%20Philippines%20is%20heavily%20dependent%20on%20agriculture.
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OUR LADY OF TRIUMPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Tugas, Balangasan Dist. Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines

Descriptive Title Environmental Science

Academic Year A.Y. 2020-2021

Semester/Summer Summer 2020

2. Provide necessary information about biodiversity richness and

3. Understand the causes and consequences due to natural and

4. Evaluate alternative responses to environmental issues before

5. Environmentally literate citizens (by knowing the

6. Identify and develop appropriate and indigenous eco-friendly

7. Teach the students the need for sustainable utilization of

Email Address Jane.maesolis@gmail.com

Contact Number 09563056700

Module Topics Coverage

1.0 95-100% Excellent

This course shall adopt this grade distribution guide as follows:

Natural Resources: Renewable and Nonrenewable resources

1. In your own opinion, what is the condition of our environment today?

es and multiage trees as dominant community.

 Birds are categorized in the name Avifauna

CONVENTIONAL EXHAUSTIBLE ENERGY SOURCES

NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY AND IN-EXHAUSTIBLE ENERGY RESOURCES

Is considered to the cheapest source of electricity

renewable energy produced by living organisms.

Organic wastes provides an important renewable source of energy. It is considered to

World food Problems:

 The world population increases and cultivate land area decreases

Instructions: Identify what is being asked. SCORE

Name: Course & Year:

Please read related article about environmental issues and problems

Deadline of submission: To be arranged.

You will be rated according to the criteria below.

Matthiessen, P. Wildlife in America. 2nd ed. New York: Viking Books, 1987.

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