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Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction Midsem Question PDF

The document discusses rules for simplifying block diagrams, which involve reducing complex diagrams with many blocks, summing points, and take-off points into a single equivalent block. It provides 6 rules for simplifying series, parallel, and feedback blocks. An example applies the rules to reduce a sample block diagram into a single transfer function in 6 steps. The process can be lengthy for complicated systems, so signal flow graphs are introduced as an alternative representation.

Uploaded by

Anthonio Makafui
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
99 views

Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction Midsem Question PDF

The document discusses rules for simplifying block diagrams, which involve reducing complex diagrams with many blocks, summing points, and take-off points into a single equivalent block. It provides 6 rules for simplifying series, parallel, and feedback blocks. An example applies the rules to reduce a sample block diagram into a single transfer function in 6 steps. The process can be lengthy for complicated systems, so signal flow graphs are introduced as an alternative representation.

Uploaded by

Anthonio Makafui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/15/23, 5:06 AM Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction

Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction

The concepts discussed in the previous chapter are helpful for reducing (simplifying) the block
diagrams.

Block Diagram Reduction Rules


Follow these rules for simplifying (reducing) the block diagram, which is having many blocks,
summing points and take-off points.

Rule 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.

Rule 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.


Rule 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.

Rule 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it towards right.

Rule 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it towards left.

Rule 6 − Repeat the above steps till you get the simplified form, i.e., single block.

Note − The transfer function present in this single block is the transfer function of the overall
block diagram.

Example
Consider the block diagram shown in the following figure. Let us simplify (reduce) this block
diagram using the block diagram reduction rules.

Step 1 − Use Rule 1 for blocks G1 and G2 . Use Rule 2 for blocks G3 and G4 . The
modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.

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3/15/23, 5:06 AM Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction

Step 2 − Use Rule 3 for blocks G1 G2 and H1 . Use Rule 4 for shifting take-off point after

the block G5 . The modified block diagram is shown in the following figure.

Step 3 − Use Rule 1 for blocks (G3 + G4 ) and G5 . The modified block diagram is shown

in the following figure.

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3/15/23, 5:06 AM Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction

Step 4 − Use Rule 3 for blocks (G3 + G4 )G5 and H3 . The modified block diagram is

shown in the following figure.

Step 5 − Use Rule 1 for blocks connected in series. The modified block diagram is shown in the
following figure.

Step 6 − Use Rule 3 for blocks connected in feedback loop. The modified block diagram is
shown in the following figure. This is the simplified block diagram.

Therefore, the transfer function of the system is

2
Y (s) G1 G2 G (G3 + G4 )
5
=
R(s) (1 + G1 G2 H1 ){1 + (G3 + G4 )G5 H3 }G5 − G1 G2 G5 (G3 + G4 )H2

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3/15/23, 5:06 AM Control Systems - Block Diagram Reduction

Note − Follow these steps in order to calculate the transfer function of the block diagram having
multiple inputs.

Step 1 − Find the transfer function of block diagram by considering one input at a time and
make the remaining inputs as zero.

Step 2 − Repeat step 1 for remaining inputs.

Step 3 − Get the overall transfer function by adding all those transfer functions.

The block diagram reduction process takes more time for complicated systems. Because, we
have to draw the (partially simplified) block diagram after each step. So, to overcome this
drawback, use signal flow graphs (representation).

In the next two chapters, we will discuss about the concepts related to signal flow graphs, i.e.,
how to represent signal flow graph from a given block diagram and calculation of transfer
function just by using a gain formula without doing any reduction process.

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