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LESSON MODULE
Lesson Number 6

Lesson Title NCR NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Introduction/Discussion of Content
I. Introduction
Its name probably derived from the Yamstick Mangrove, whose local name was nila or nilad. In 1571,
Spanish conquistador Manuel Lopez de Legazpi founded Manila and it became the capital of the Philippines. In the
late 1800s, the Filipinos fought Spanish colonization and declared independence in 1898.
Manila, capital and chief city of the Philippines. The city is the centre of the country’s economic, political,
social, and cultural activity. It is located on the island of Luzon and spreads along the eastern shore of Manila Bay at
the mouth of the Pasig River. The city’s name, originally Maynilad, is derived from that of the nilad plant, a flowering
shrub adapted to marshy conditions, which once grew profusely along the banks of the river; the name was
shortened first to Maynila and then to its present form. In 1975, by presidential decree, Manila and
its contiguous cities and municipalities were integrated to function as a single administrative region, known
as Metropolitan Manila (also called the National Capital Region); the Manila city proper encompasses only a small
proportion of that area.
Administrative Divisions

City/Municipalities

Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñ as, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas,
Parañ aque, Pasay, Pasig, Pateros Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig and Valenzuela.

II. History
NCR or Metro Manila, is the capital and chief city of the
Philippines. The city is the centre of the country’s economic, political,
social, and cultural activity. It is located on the island of Luzon and
spreads along the eastern shore of Manila Bay at the mouth of the Pasig
River. The city’s name, originally Maynilad, is derived from that of the
nilad plant (Figure 1), a flowering shrub adapted to marshy conditions,
which once grew profusely along the banks of the river; the name was
shortened first to Maynila and then to its present form. In 1975, by
presidential decree, Manila and its contiguous cities and municipalities
were integrated to function as a single administrative region, known as
Metropolitan Manila (also called the National Capital Region); the Manila
Figure 1. Nilad Plant
city proper encompasses only a small proportion of that area.
Manila has been the principal city of the Philippines for four
centuries and is the centre of its industrial development as well as the international port of entry. It is situated on
one of the finest sheltered harbours of the Pacific region, about 700 miles (1,100 km) southeast of Hong Kong. The
city has undergone rapid economic development since its destruction in World War II and its subsequent
rebuilding; it is now plagued with the familiar urban problems of pollution, traffic congestion, and overpopulation.
Measures have been taken, however, to ameliorate those problems.
A historical province known as Manila encompasses the former pre-Hispanic kingdoms of Tondo and
Maynila. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines, with Manila (Intramuros) serving as the center of colonial
power. In 1898, it included the City of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from
1898-1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States. The province was
dissolved and most of it was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal in 1901.
Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the original global cities. The Manila
galleon was the first known commercially traveled trade route that sail the Pacific for 250 years, bringing to Spain
their cargoes of luxury goods, economic benefits, and cultural exchange.
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During the American period, at the time of the Philippine Commonwealth, American architect and urban
designer Daniel Burnham was commissioned to create the grand Plan of Manila to be approved by the Philippine
Government. The creation of Manila in 1901 is composed of the places and parishes of Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros,
Malate, Manila, Pandacan, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Fernando de Dilao, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana
de Sapa, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo. Meanwhile, the towns and parishes of Caloocan, Las Piñ as, Mariquina,
Pasig, Parañ aque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan del Monte, San Pedro de Macati, San Felipe Neri, Muntinlupa and the
Taguig-Pateros area were incorporated into the province of Rizal. Pasig serves as its provincial capital.
In 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the
country. A masterplan for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant demise of the grand
Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further
resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, the loss of more than
100,000 lives at the Battle of Manila in 1945. Later on, Quezon City eventually served as the national capital from
1948-1976. It was reinstated back to Manila through Presidential Decree No. 940 owing to its historical significance
as the seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. Presidential Decree No. 940 states
that Manila has always been to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines
being the center of trade, commerce, education and culture.
During the war, President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure,
merging the cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan, Las Piñ as, Mariquina, Pasig,
Parañ aque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan del Monte, San Pedro de Macati, San Felipe Neri, Muntinlupa and the Taguig-
Pateros area. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of
Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezon’s principal
lieutenant for administrative matters, would have a position of authority recognized under international military
law. The City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive
Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the
present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established
during the Marcos administration.
On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The
Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region. On June 2, 1978, through Presidential
Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines. When Metro
Manila was established, there were four cities, Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Pasay and the thirteen municipalities
of Las Piñ as, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañ aque, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig,
Valenzuela and Pateros. At present, all of these municipalities except for one have become an independent charted
city, only Pateros remains as a municipality.
President Ferdinand Marcos appointed his wife Imelda Marcos as the first governor of Metro Manila. She
launched the City of Man campaign. The Cultural Center of the Philippines, Metropolitan Folk Arts Theater,
Philippine International Convention Center, the Lung Center of the Philippines, Philippine Heart Center, the Kidney
Center of the Philippines and the Coconut Palace are all constructed precisely for this purpose. The City of Man
campaign was discontinued when the Marcos were ousted from power after the People Power Revolution.
After the 8 years of dictatorship, President Marcos was overthrown by the people at a peaceful revolution in
EDSA in February 1986, where they stayed there for three days. The movement was known as the People Power
Revolution and made headlines such as “the revolution that surprised the world”.
In 1986, President Corazon Aquino issued Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing the
structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. Mayors in
the metropolis choose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995
through Republic Act 7924, creating the present-day Metropolitan Manila Development Authority. The chairperson
of the agency will be appointed by the President and should not have a concurrent elected position such as mayor.
III. Physical Geography
a. Size of the Region
The region encompasses an area of 244 square miles (633 square km) and the cities with a range of, 15
square miles (38 square km)
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B. Famous People
Andrés Bonifacio (1863–1897): Filipino revolutionary. (Tondo) Philippine patriot,
founder and leader of the nationalist Katipunan society, who instigated the revolt of
August 1896 against the Spanish. Bonifacio was born of poor parents in Manila and had
little formal education, working as a messenger and warehouse keeper before becoming
involved in revolutionary activity. He was, however, well-read. Unlike the nationalist poet
and novelist José Rizal, who wanted to reform Spanish rule in the Philippines, Bonifacio
advocated complete independence from Spain. In 1892 he founded the Katipunan in
Manila, modelling its organization and ceremony on that of the Masonic order. The
Katipunan at first grew slowly, but by 1896 it had an estimated 100,000 members and
branches not only in Manila but also in central Luzon and on the islands of Panay, Mindoro,
and Mindanao. Its members were mostly workers and peasants; the urban middle class
supported reform rather than revolution. In August 1896 Bonifacio led the long-planned
insurrection on Luzon; but his forces were defeated by Spanish troops, and he was forced to
retreat to Montalban in the north, while Emilio Aguinaldo, one of his lieutenants, carried on resistance. As the
Spanish systematically routed the insurrectos, it became increasingly clear that
Bonifacio was an ineffective military leader. In March 1897 a convention at Tejeros
named Aguinaldo, rather than Bonifacio, president of a new Philippine republic.
Refusing to recognize the convention, Bonifacio tried to establish his own rebel
government. In April 1897 Aguinaldo had Bonifacio
arrested and tried for treason; he was executed by a
firing squad.
b. Ethnic Groups

Filipino (the National Language that is based on Manileñ o Tagalog) and

English are both official languages, and virtually all Metro Manileñ os understand
them. Other languages spoken by regional immigrants include Tagalog, Cebuano, Bicolano, Waray, Kapampangan,
Ilocano, and Maranao, though there are also more than 86 different dialects in the Philippines. Foreign languages
other than English spoken by a limited number of people, mostly immigrant communities, include Spanish, Sindhi,
Punjabi, Japanese, Bahasa Indonesia, Korean, and several other European
languages. However, being the capital of the nation, Metro Manila has also
attracted great migrations of other Filipino ethnolinguistic groups from around
the country, especially those of Ilocano, Bicolano, Cebuano, Waray, and
Maranao descent. Manila is the main hub of the Spanish mestizo minority. Small
foreign communities include the Chinese, Americans, South Asians, Spaniards,
Indonesians, Japanese, Koreans, Arabs, and various others.
c. Religion

The NCR proudly boasts to be the only Christian nation in Asia. More than 86 percent of the population is
Roman Catholic, 6 percent belong to various nationalized Christian cults, and another 2 percent belong to well over
100 Protestant denominations. In addition to the Christian majority, there is a vigorous 4 percent Muslim minority,
concentrated on the southern islands of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan. Scattered in isolated mountainous regions,
the remaining 2 percent follow non-Western, indigenous beliefs and practices. The
Chinese minority, although statistically insignificant, has been culturally
influential in coloring Filipino Catholicism with many of the beliefs and practices
of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.
V. Economy

Metro Manila is the financial, commercial and industrial center of the Philippines. Makati is the largest
financial and economic hub of the metropolitan area and the country. regarded as the metropolis' central business
district (CBD), it is the base of many Philippines' largest corporations including the Ayala group of Companies, as
well as the nation's major banks. The Makati area is built around the former Nielsen Air Base, an American
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installation during World War IIm and its runways now form the district's main roads, which cross each other at
the Makati Triangle, home of the nation's stock exchange. Disserent well-known skyscrapers in Metro Manila are
here like PBCom Tower and G. T. International Tower. Foreign corporations also have their main Philippine hubs
here.
New developments seeking to become vibrant centers of their own are Bonifacio Global City in Taguig; Eastwood
City in Quezon City; the Manila Bay City Reclamation Area in the cities of Pasay, Paranaque and Las Piñ as; and
Alabang Estates, madrigal Business Park, and Fillinvest Corporate City in Muntinlupa. triangle park in Quezon City is
the latest addition to the list. Ortigas Center is the second most important business district in Metro Manila. Situated
in Mandaluyong and Pasig, it is home to the headquarters of several major Philippine companies such as San Miguel
Corporation and Meralco, and hosts many shopping malls and hotels. The Asian Development Bank, also has its
headquarters here.

VI. Transportation
a. Land Transport

The metropolis has an extensive system of highways connecting the various cities
and municipality. The major roads include ten radial roads, which branch out from central
Manila and five circumferencial roads which from a series of cencentric semi-conductors
arcs around downtown Manila. Most of these roads are very important transportation
arteries. One is the C4 (Circumferencial Road 4), also called Epifanio de los Avenue or more
popularly as EDSA. It is the major thoroughfare in Metro Manila connecting five cities in
Metro Manila, namely Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City Caloocan.

The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly and informally known as the LRT, is a
metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines. Although
referred to as a light rail system because it originally used light rail vehicles, it has
characteristics of a rapid transit (metro) system, such
as high passenger throughput, exclusive right-of-way
and later use of full metro rolling stock. The system is operated by the Light Rail
Transit Authority (LRTA), a government corporation attached to the Department of
Transportation (DOTr). Along with the Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3
(Line 3, also called the new Yellow Line), and Philippine National Railways's
commuter line, the system makes up Metro Manila's rail infrastructure.

b. Water Transport and Seaports

The Port of Manila refers to the collectives facilities and

terminals that process maritime trade function in harbours that serve the
Metro Manila Area. It is located in the Port Area and at Tondo area of Manila,
Philippines facing the Manila Bay. It is the largest and the premier international
shipping gateaway to the country. The Phillipine Ports Authority, a
government-owned corporation, manages the Port of Manila and most the
public ports in the country.

c. Air Transport and Airports

There are currently three airports in the Greater Manila Area with scheduled passenger service. However,
the majority of passenger traffic goes through Metro Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), which is
the Philippines' busiest airport and major hub.
Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport is named after Senator Benigno
"Ninoy" Aquino Jr., assassinated at the airport in 1983. Officially, NAIA is the only
airport serving the Manila area. However, in practice, NAIA and Clark International
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Airport as well -located in the Clark Freeport Zone, in Pampanga- serve the Manila area. Clark caters mostly to low-
cost carriers that avail themselves of the lower landing fees than those charged at NAIA. In 2017 the airport served
42 million passengers.

VIII. Festivals

Feast of the Black Nazarene (On the 9th of January) A grand Fiesta, this
festival centers on the image of the Black Nazarene which was transported by
galleon from Mexico to Manila in the 17th century. The festival is marked by a
day-long procession by thousands of devotees around Quiapo district from the
Rizal Park area. Every year, millions of Filipinos participate newspaper reports
say as many as 10 million1 that gather in Manila for a procession of the Black
Nazarene, or Poong itim na Nazareno, a life-sized statue of a suffering Jesus fallen under the weight of the cross,
along a 6.5 km route from Rizal (Luneta) Park to the minor basilica in Quiapo. Few religious celebrations anywhere
in the world can match this feast in terms of the number and fervor of devotees surrounding the procession.
Attendance has grown remarkably in the last 20 years, and the route has been stretched to accommodate growing
crowds. If newspaper accounts are correct, the number of Catholics attending the Nazarene feast equals, or perhaps
even doubles that attending recent papal Masses in the same locale. Most Filipino Catholics consider the Nazarene
statue to be miraculous, able to heal terminal cancers and other sicknesses, to grant petitions, and to help those in
need.
Bamboo Organ Festival (February 17 to 23)
The Bamboo Organ Festival features musical and cultural presentations
showcasing the instrument's unique qualities and best attributes. As wide-eyed
elementary students, most Pinoys were taught about the prized instrument of Las Pias
and how it was one of a kind. It's very likely though that only a few people north of Las
Pinas have bothered to really visit the church to check it out. The bamboo organ is
housed in St. Joseph's Parish where it has been used to grace most of the masses and services for nearly two
centuries. Aside from being a marvel from a musical standpoint, the rich history of the still-functioning-relic as a
silent witness to the changing of the times is also awe-inspiring.
The Feast Day of San Juan (On the 24 th of June) - June 24 marks the feast day of
Saint John the Baptist and people from the city named after the saint take all the
liberty to baptize just about everyone in sight during this day. It is not a highly
organized event like other festivals but other people sure participate by bringing the
buckets, basins and garden hoses!

Products
a. Delicacies with Sampling
Bibingka in Pasay
This is a type of cake made with coconut milk and baked in a banana leaf. I
guess the idea is it’s supposed to end up tasting like coconut and banana, which it
kinda does. You’re supposed to eat it hot, but not before lathering it with butter and
coconut.
b.Famous Street foods in Manila, Philippines

Kikiam
Kikiam or was originally taken from Chinese cuisine, and authentically consists of
minced meat and vegetables. The kikiam used by street food vendors in the Philippines
however, are a more scrimped version, sometimes containing fish meat instead and a lot
of fillers. They are brown in color and about the size of a finger.
Isaw
Isaw is a street food from the Philippines, made from barbecued pig or chicken
intestines. The intestines are cleaned, turned inside out, and cleaned again, repeating the
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process several times; they are then either boiled, then grilled, or immediately grilled on sticks.
Kwek-Kwek
 Kwek-Kwek is a famous Filipino street food made by deep-frying hard-boiled quail
eggs that are covered with orange batter. This is usually served with a spiced vinegar-based
dip and chopped cucumber on the side. Another street food similar to this is called
Tokneneng which uses chicken or duck eggs instead.
Betamax (Dugo)

Betamax Barbeque is chicken blood that has been dried up and shaped into
cube like pieces which are grilled. Its shape is similar to huge chocolate cubes. It
doesn’t have a foul smell or very gamy taste. It is very chewy that is best eaten with a
sauce such as vinegar or chili mix. It is best eaten if before
drinking outside with friends or as a snack in the middle of the day or midnight.

Adidas Adidas are chicken feet that are declawed and marinated in a vinegar and
soy sauce based marinade, then skewered and grilled

Fish Ball
Fish balls in the Philippines are sold by street vendors pushing wooden deep-frying carts.
The balls are served skewered, offered with three kinds of dipping sauces: spicy
(white/orange coloured) – vinegar, water, diced onions and garlic; sweet (brown gravy
coloured) – corn starch, banana ketchup, sugar and salt; and sweet/sour (amber or deeper
orange coloured) – the sweet variety with lots of small hot chilis added. Dark sauces are rare, as these are soy sauce-
based and soy sauce is expensive for street food.
Banana cue
Made with deep fried bananas coated in caramelized brown sugar. The bananas
used for this recipe are Saba bananas, which are very commonly used for cooking in the
Philippines. It is usually skewered on a bamboo stick, and sold on the streets. The
skewer stick is just for ease of serving and eating, but is not cooked on the skewed.
Lumpiang Shanghai
Is a Filipino deep-fried appetizer consisting of a mixture of giniling wrapped in a
thin egg crêpe. Lumpiang Shanghai is regarded as the most basic type of lumpia in
Filipino cuisine, and it is usually smaller and thinner than other lumpia variants.

Pansit
In Filipino cuisine, pancit are noodles. Noodles were introduced into the
Philippines early on by Chinese Filipino settlers in the archipelago, and over the centuries
have been fully adopted into local cuisine, of which there are now numerous variants and
types.

Turon
Turon, also known as lumpiyang saging, is a Philippine snack made of thinly
sliced bananas and a slice of jackfruit, dusted with brown sugar, rolled in a spring roll
wrapper and fried. Other fillings can also be used, including sweet potato, mango,
cheddar cheese and coconut.

a. Crafts and Pasalubong

Abanico fan
It is made from tropical plant native to the Philippines grown for its textile and papermaking
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fibre textilis) also called Manila hemp.

Bakya
The Bakyâ or wooden clogs were once the most commonly used footwear in
the Philippines before the introduction of rubber sandals. This footwear is made from local
light wood like santol and laniti. It is cut to the desired foot size before being shaven until
smooth. The side of the bakyâ is thick enough to be carved with floral, geometric or
landscape designs, a unique method in Southeast Asia for the artist's application of oneself
towards the clog. Afterwards, the bakyâ could then be painted or varnished, traditionally, on the specification of the
person who would wear it. Uppers of traditional rattan or tight cloth (or modern plastic or rubber) will then be
fastened using clavitos (tiny nails). The finished product has been a symbol of the masses since its popularity.
However, since the early 21st century, the usage of the bakyâ has been revived by the upper classes of society,
effectuvely changing the symbolism of the footwear from mass representation to holistic societal representation. A
bill in the Philippine Congress described the bakyâ as having 'reference to the Filipinos' humble beginnings'. It has
been proposed as the National Slipper of the Philippines since 2014.

A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal

handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and
decorative objects are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools. It is a
traditional main sector of craft, and applies to a wide range of creative and design activities
that are related to making things with one's hands and skill, including work with textiles,
moldable and rigid materials, paper, plant fibers, etc. One of the world's oldest handicraft is  Dhokra; this is a sort of
metal casting that has been used in India for over 4,000 years and is still used. Usually the term is applied to
traditional techniques of creating items (whether for personal use or as products) that are both practical and
aesthetic. Handicraft industries are those that produces things with hands to meet the needs of the people in their
locality. Machines are not used.

Handicrafting has its roots in the rural crafts—the material-goods necessities of ancient civilizations, and
many specific crafts have been practiced for centuries, while others are modern inventions, or popularizations of
crafts which were originally practiced in a limited geographic area.

Many handicrafters use natural, even entirely indigenous, materials while others may prefer modern, non-
traditional materials, and even upcycle industrial materials. The individual artisanship of a handicrafted item is the
paramount criterion; those made by mass production or machines are not handicraft goods.

XI. Tourist Attractions

A. Religious Sites

Names and Location Description Photos

The Minor Basilica The Cathedral was initially built as a simple parish
and Metropolitan in Manila in 1571 by Juan de Vivero, a
Cathedral of the secular priest, and was dedicated to Our Lady of
Immaculate the Immaculate Conception. Back then, it was
Conception (Manila simply made of nipa and bamboo. On December 21,
Cathedral) in 1581, its status was elevated to a cathedral by
Intramuros, Metro Bishop Domingo Salazar.
Manila
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The National
Names and Location
Shrine Description Photos
The church enshrines the icon of Our Mother of
of Our Mother of
Perpetual Help, and is one of the largest Marian
Perpetual Help
churches in the Philippines. Devotion to Our Mother
(Redemptorist
of Perpetual Help is popular amongst Filipino
Church) in Baclaran,
Catholics, and gave rise to the throngs of devotees
Parañaque  City
who flood the church every Wednesday to
attend Mass and pray the Novena to Our Mother of
Perpetual Help.

St. Joseph Parish Is a parish church in Las Piñ as, just south of the city
(Bamboo Organ of Manila in the Philippines. The church is
Church) in Las Piñas renowned to house the Bamboo Organ, a pipe
City organ made mostly with bamboo pipes. To the right
of the church is an old Spanish convent converted
into a gift shop and the entrance for observing the
Intramuros (Manila’s Intramuros by far is still one of the man-made
organ up close.
Walled City) in spectacles that figures in much of Philippine
Manila history. Dating back to the Spanish colonial era,
C. Man made
the story goes that it was built by Filipino and
Chinese workers, has more or less stood the test
of time, bombings during WW2, and man-made
disasters and was restored in the 1980s.
Bamboo Organ in Las The bamboo organ was built by a Spanish native
Piñas Fray Diego de la Carmen between 1817 and
1824, whose family had been organ builders in
Spain, but normally used wood.

The Ayala Triangle in It is a triangular public garden and courtyard in

Makati City the center of the Makati Central Business District.
It was named after its owner and developer
Ayala Land, and opened to the public in
November 2009.

The Mind Museum in This exhibition takes off from a narrative that
Taguig City, Metro presents science in over 250 interactive exhibits
Manila through five interconnected stories. The galleries
span nature in scale, from the smallest of things
to the largest, and everything in between.

Art in Island in Using optical illusions or Illusion Art, Art in

Cubao, Quezon City Island has paintings on the walls and floors that
deceive and mislead the mind giving them a 3-
dimensional effect. Playing around with
shadows, they encourage visitors to participate
in the art itself as taking photographs are highly
encouraged.
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D. Historical

Names and Location Description Historical

Edsa Shrine in The Edsa Shrine was built in 1989 originally to

Quezon City commemorate the People Power Revolution
which, put a halt to former President and dictator
Ferdinand Marcos regime in 1986. The said
People Power Revolution was called EDSA 1,
which began in 1933 first as a series of non-
violent demonstration which culminated on
February 22 to 25 1986.

Luneta Park in Roxas It is recognized as one of the largest urban parks

Boulevard in all of Asia and features some of the most
important events in the history of the Philippines,
one of which was the execution of national hero,
Dr. Jose Rizal on December 30, 1896.

Pinaglabanan Shrine Pinaglabanan Shrine is a Filipino national shrine

in San Juan and park along Pinaglabanan Street in the city of
San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines. Pominent
within the shrine is a statue of elongated.

Heroes Cemetery in A large portion of Libingan ng mga Bayani is

Taguig City, Metro dedicated to over 32,000 bodies of military
Manila officials who were involved in the historic “Death
March,” The infamous forced walk of soldiers
from Bataan to Capas, Tarlac during the World
War II.

San Juan Del Monte This iconic San Juan bridge was the exact, literal
Bridge in Sta. Mesa, site where the “first shot” of the revolution
Manila happened. It was American soldier Willie Grayson
who fired the first gunshot to a Filipino soldier,
which sparked the Battled of Manila.

E. Cultural

Names and Description Cultural

Location
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Manila Hotel in It is a historic five-star hotel located along Manila
Manila Bay in Manila. The hotel is the oldest premiere hotel
in the Philippines built in 1909 to rival Malacañ ang
Palace, the official residence of the President of the
Philippines and was opened on the commemoration
of American Independence on July 4, 1912.

The National The National Museum of the Philippines is

Museum of the the repository and guardian of the Philippines'
Philippines in Rizal natural and cultural heritage. As one of the lead
Park, Metro Manila government cultural agencies, it is tasked to achieve
the goals of instilling cultural consciousness and a
sense of pride and nationalism among Filipino
citizens through its activities covering the sciences,
education and culture. 

Cultural Center of The Cultural Center of the Philippines is a

the Philippines in government owned and controlled corporation
Pasay City established to preserve, develop and promote arts
and culture in the Philippines.