Qo HW 1 2023
Qo HW 1 2023
Qo HW 1 2023
Ray-Kuang Lee1
1
Room 911, Delta Hall, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Tel: +886-3-5742439; E-mail: rklee@ee.nthu.edu.tw∗
(Dated: Spring, 2023)
Syllabus:
Feb. 17th Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO) classical trajectory Gaussian wave-package
(Fri.) phase space inverted SHO
quantum chaos
week 2 Quantum SHO Fock states, |ni single-photon detection
(2/23, 3/2, 3/3) creation operator, ↠wave-particle duality
annihilation operator, â phase operator
number operator, N̂
vacuum state shot noise limit
quantum fluctuations Casimir force
∂L d ∂L
− =0 (3)
∂q dt ∂ q̇
(b) Based on 1.(a), show that the Lagrangian of a SHO gives the same equation of motions, i.e.,
d2
q(t) + ω 2 q = 0. (4)
dt2
2
d2 d
q(t) + γ q + ω 2 q = 0. (5)
dt2 dt
Note that the following Hamilton equations of motion should also give the same form as Eq. (5),
∂H
q̇ = , (6)
∂p
∂H
ṗ = − , (7)
∂q
(b) Plot the trajectories in the phase space when this damped SHO is critically damped, and Explain in your words
what is critical in the phase space ?
3. (30%) p-representation:
(a) Find the eigen-state of SHO Hamiltonian in p-representation, i.e., Ψ(p)
1 p̂2 1
Ĥ = + k x̂2 . (8)
2m 2
(b) Show that the p-representation Ψ(p) and the x-representation ψ(x) are Fourier transform pairs.
(c) Explicitly, find the Fourier transform Hermite-Gaussian solutions, i.e.,
hn|p̂|ni = 0, (12)
hn|∆p̂2 |ni = ~mω − m2 ω 2 hn|x̂2 |ni, (13)
here, the variance is defined as h: |∆p̂2 | :i ≡ h∆p̂2 i = h(p̂ − hp̂i)2 i = hp̂2 i − hp̂i2
(c) Use the operator method to calculate the expectation values hp̂2 i and hx̂2 i in the energy eigenstate |ni. Hence prove
the quantum analog of the virital theorem:
hV i = hT i = hHi/2, (14)
the equal partition of the total energy H, divided into the kinetic and potential energies, T and V , respectively.