Vinit Report

Chapter 1: SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON SITE
Construction is one of the most dangerous industry sectors.Millions of construction industry

accidents occur in the world causing damages and injuries to workers and consequently
economic losses in every year. Construction sites are dynamic and complicated systems.
Safety equipment used in site:
1) Helmet
2) Safety glass
3) Safety shoes
4) Gloves
5) Earmuff
6) Construction vest
7) Safety belt
8) First aid kit
9) Insurance
SAFETY MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION
A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of the
soil when the desired ground elevation exceeds the angle of repose of the soil and these walls
are used to support the soil laterally so that it can maintain different levels on both sides.
Here we will learn about retaining wall, types of retaining walls & their application.
Introduction to Retaining Wall :

A retaining wall is a structure that holds or retains soil behind it.
There are various materials used to construct retaining walls such as concrete
blocks,concrete treated lumber, rocks or boulders.The material held or supported by a
retaining wall is known as a backfill, its top surface may be horizontal or inclined.The
position of the backfill above the horizontal plane at the wall top is called surcharge
and its inclination to the horizontal is called surcharge angle.
Function of Retaining wall:

 This wall prevents the soil or other material at places with sudden elevation changes.
 Earth retaining structures are used to hold back the earth and maintain the difference
in the ground surface height.
 Retaining structures are designed to withstand the grounds or backfill, other externally
exerted loads transmit these forces safely to a foundation.
Types Of Retaining Walls:

1. Gravity Retaining Wall
2. Cradle Retaining Wall
3. Gabion Retaining Wall
4. Cantilever Retaining Wall
5. Counterfort Retaining Wall
6. Anchored Retaining Wall
7. Pile Retaining Wall
8. Hybrid Retaining Wall
Advantages of Retaining Wall:
Protective structure: Retaining walls are used to counteract the forces of gravity to
protect the structure.In other words, they are used to hold the soil.
Functional production: Retaining walls serve as a functional product to prevent

sinkholes from destroying your landscape structure. They are used to stabilize the
sloping landscapes and provides level surfaces on slopes.
Best run-off solution: If your property is not prevented from infiltrating, then
rainwater runoff can completely damage your land. This can protect your landscape
design, also prevent floods from inflowing the area.
Reduce maintenance: Retaining walls can protect your landscape design and help
you in the long run. As a protective feature it reduce maintenance and prevents
erosion.
Decorative feature: Retaining walls additionally give your landscape an aesthetically

pleasing design.
Disadvantages of retaining wall:

Vertical cracks: Some retaining walls develop vertical cracks in poured concrete due
to extreme pressure or extensive changes in temperature.
Failing Foundation: Some retaining walls are not able to sustain high pressure from
the soil such as the brick walls, often resulting in brick breakage or foundation failure.
Termites: Retaining walls can attract termites to your property when the wood is
used as a retaining wall.
CHAPTER 3: PILE RETAINING WALL
1. Leveling:
First of all to survey from road level and fix boundary point on the site After that 2m
excavation is done on the site according to the plan.
2. Surveying:
After the excavation work completed, again survey was done on the site after which
fixed final boundary point was given. After that survey through outer guide wall point
was given. Then from the point which was given outer point survey through marking
the dimension of guide wall.
3. Marking & Excavation:

We marked the point with the help of lime. As pr the given plan data we add the
60mm for machine bucket width. Then excavation work done according to marking
the depth of 1m with the help of jcb. After the Excavation work done. The level is
checked by supervisor . After that same process continue .
MARKING EXCAVATION
4. Guide wall:
Guide walls are two temporary parallel beams constructed along the side of the
wall in order to guide the excavation tool and stabilise the top portion. The
implementation of guide walls prior to diaphragm-wall construction helps to maintain
the horizontal alignment and continuity of the diaphragm walls construer.
GUIDE WALL SECTION PLAN

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Chapter 1: SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON SITE

Construction is one of the most dangerous industry sectors.Millions of construction industry

Introduction to Retaining Wall :

Function of Retaining wall:

Types Of Retaining Walls:

Functional production: Retaining walls serve as a functional product to prevent

Decorative feature: Retaining walls additionally give your landscape an aesthetically

Disadvantages of retaining wall:

3. Marking & Excavation:

GUIDE WALL SECTION PLAN

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