This document describes the structure and function of the heart and circulatory system, including the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries in transporting blood throughout the body. Key details include the definition of systole and diastole, the pathway of blood flow through the heart's chambers and valves, and how the heart maintains its rhythm through the sinoatrial node and electrical conduction system. The circulatory system works to deliver oxygenated blood to tissues and remove deoxygenated blood, aided by the pumping action of the heart and properties of blood vessels.
This document describes the structure and function of the heart and circulatory system, including the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries in transporting blood throughout the body. Key details include the definition of systole and diastole, the pathway of blood flow through the heart's chambers and valves, and how the heart maintains its rhythm through the sinoatrial node and electrical conduction system. The circulatory system works to deliver oxygenated blood to tissues and remove deoxygenated blood, aided by the pumping action of the heart and properties of blood vessels.
This document describes the structure and function of the heart and circulatory system, including the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries in transporting blood throughout the body. Key details include the definition of systole and diastole, the pathway of blood flow through the heart's chambers and valves, and how the heart maintains its rhythm through the sinoatrial node and electrical conduction system. The circulatory system works to deliver oxygenated blood to tissues and remove deoxygenated blood, aided by the pumping action of the heart and properties of blood vessels.
This document describes the structure and function of the heart and circulatory system, including the roles of arteries, veins, and capillaries in transporting blood throughout the body. Key details include the definition of systole and diastole, the pathway of blood flow through the heart's chambers and valves, and how the heart maintains its rhythm through the sinoatrial node and electrical conduction system. The circulatory system works to deliver oxygenated blood to tissues and remove deoxygenated blood, aided by the pumping action of the heart and properties of blood vessels.
Simplified on Page 319 Veins Vs. Arteries Veins Arteries -Thin Walls -Thick walls -One way valves -Elastic tissue
-Low blood pressure -High blood pressure
-Blood towards heart -Blood away from heart
http://www.science.nelson.com/ABbio20- 30/teacher/protect/media/vessels.html Your Pulse Artery Capillaries
The advantage of capillaries being composed of a
single cell layer is that there is a small distance for gases, nutrients, and wastes to diffuse across. One disadvantage is that they can easily be damaged or destroyed. Ex. Bruising Vasoconstriction & Dilation • Autonomic nervous system = controls the motor nerves (Involuntary). – regulates the diameter of the arterioles based on blood flow requirements.
• Vasoconstriction = narrowing of blood vessels
- decreases blood flow to area (not in use).
• Vasodilation = widening of blood vessels
- increases blood flow to area (in use). - remove excess heat Vasoconstriction & Dilation
Ex. Fight or Flight
Ex. Nervous Blood’s Return to the Heart Skeletal muscles massage blood back to the heart.
Body movements such
as stretching help the massaging action. Blood’s Return to the Heart In addition, the veins have a series of one-way valves, which prevent the backflow of blood in the veins.
Problems with these
valves can cause backflow and pooling.
Ex. Varicose Veins
Aneurysm Aneurysm - Bulge that forms in the wall of a weakened blood vessel, usually an artery, often due to atherosclerosis. Increased blood pressure in the artery over time with less structural support can cause eventual rupture. The Heart Blood Flow In and Out of the Heart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rj_qD0SEGGk Heart - 2 systems Two pumps - separated by a wall of muscle called the septum
Pulmonary circulatory system
Systemic circulatory system
Pulmonary Circulatory System • carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart Blood Vessels 1. Pulmonary Artery 2. Pulmonary vein Systemic Circulatory System • carries oxygenated blood Head & Upper Extremities to the tissues of the body S.V.C and deoxygenated blood back to the heart Aorta Blood Vessels 1. Aorta 2. Superior & Inferior Vena Cava I.V.C Abdomen & Lower Extremities Heart - structures • Atria - thin walled heart chambers that receive blood from veins
• Ventricles - muscular; thick-walled
chambers that pump blood through the arteries
Human heart is 4 chambered - two atria,
two ventricles (pg. 320 – fig 2) Heart - structures
Which Ventricle would have the
thickest wall?
Why?? The Strong Muscle of the Left Ventricle… Valves... • Atrioventricular (AV) valves - valves that separate the atria from the ventricles, prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria
• Right atrium has the
tri-cuspid valve and the left has the bi-cuspid or (mitral) valve
• AV valves supported by connective tissue called chordae tendonae Valves… • A second set of valves separates the blood vessels and the ventricles they are called semilunar valves (half-moon shaped) One-Way Blood Flow
• Venae Cavae - the veins that carry
blood back to the heart – Superior vena cava - blood from the head – Inferior vena cava - blood from the tissues of the body – both feed into the right atrium One-way... • So blood that is in the pulmonary veins has oxygen in it. • The blood from all the other veins in your body does not have oxygen in it How does it all work together? Coronary Arteries
Branch off aorta and supply the cardiac muscle
with oxygen and other nutrients Blocked Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis = Lipids or fatty substances (cholesterol and triglycerides) build up along the inner lining of the artery and causes a narrowing or blockage.
Without oxygen and
nutrients, the patient suffers from a heart attack and the involved heart muscle can get permanently damaged. Choice #1 - Catheterization
Choice #2 - Coronary Bypass Surgery
Setting the Heart’s Tempo • Heart made of Myogenic Muscle - tissue can contract without external nerve stimulation. Sinoatrial (SA) Node ➔Heart’s Pacemaker
– located where venae cavae
enter the right atrium Atrioventricular (AV) Node – impulses travel to other muscle cells by modified muscle tissue Impulses travel to Atrioventricular (AV) node (in atrium) delayed here for about 0.1 seconds
Impulses transferred the
through the septum to the Purkinje Fibres Purkinje Fibres in the ventricles which then contract http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3b-YhZmQu8 Nerve Transmission
SA Node
AV Node
Purkinje Fibers Pacemaker Heart’s tempo... • The impulses can be detected by an Electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG), which measures the electrical activity of the heart
• P. 324 Diastole 1. Contraction of the atria pushes blood through the AV valves into the ventricles
2. After the atria push out the
blood, they relax and fill up with blood again
…this relaxation is called Diastole
Diastole
Atria contract pushing blood through the AV valves
into the ventricles. Diastole
Atria relax and refill with blood after the AV valves
close (caused by increase in ventricular pressure), causing a “lubb” sound. Systole... As the ventricles contract, the increased pressure causes the AV valves to close.
This also forces blood through
the SL valves.
… this contraction of the heart
tissue is referred to as Systole Systole
Ventricles contract, the increased pressure causes the
AV valves to close, causing a “lubb” sound. Systole
• The ventricles relax after the contraction and
the SL valves close, making the “dubb” sound Heart Murmur - caused by faulty heart valves, backflow of blood into one of the heart chambers
When the doctor listens to the heart and
heard a lubb-hiss instead of a lubb-dubb
Body can compensate in two ways:
– beating faster – atrium driving blood into ventricle with greater force Homework: (check Edmodo) 1) Chap 10/11 Vocab. (Wed.)
