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IS 19008 : 2023
भारतीय मानक
Indian Standard

िबटुिमनस फ़शर् िमश्रण में िबटुमेन सामग्री


का िनधार्रण

Determination of Bitumen Content


in Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ICS 91.100.50; 93.080.20

BIS 2023

भारतीय मानक ब्यरू ो


BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मागर्, नई िदल्ली - 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI - 110002
www.bis.gov.in www.standardsbis.in

February 2023 Price Group 6


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Bitumen, Tar and Related Products Sectional Committee, PCD 06

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards after the draft finalized by the Bitumen, Tar and
Related Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Product Division Council.

Quantitative determination of bitumen in bituminous paving mixtures and pavement samples is useful for specification
compliance; quality control; service evaluation; investigation; and research. Aggregate obtained by this method may be
used for sieve analysis.

The composition of the committee, responsible for formulation of this standard is listed in Annex A.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value, observed
or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 2022 ‘Rules for
rounding off numerical values (second revision)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value
should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 19008 : 2023

Indian Standard
DETRMINATION OF BITUMEN CONTENT IN BITUMINOUS
PAVING MIXTURES

1 SCOPE 3 TERMINOLOGY
1.1 This standard prescribes two methods of test for
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions
determination of bitumen content in bituminous paving
given in IS 334 shall apply.
mixtures, namely, Solvent Extraction Method
(Method A) and Ignition Method (Method B). 4 METHOD A — SOLVENT EXTRACTION
METHOD
1.2 Method A covers the extraction of bituminous
component from paving mixture using 4.1 Apparatus
trichloroethylene solvent. Then the bitumen content is
4.1.1 Oven, capable of maintaining the temperature at
calculated by difference from the mass of the extracted
(110 ± 5) °C.
aggregate, moisture content, and mineral matter in the
extract and expressed as masspercent of moisture-free 4.1.2 Flat Pan — 305 mm (12 inch) long, 203 mm
mixture. (8 inch) wide, and 25 mm (1 inch) deep.
1.3 In Method B, bituminous paving mixture is ignited 4.1.3 Balance
in a furnace at 540 °C to burn off all the bitumen. The
4.1.4 Hot Plate — Electric, 700-W continuous or low,
bitumen content is then calculated by difference
medium, and high settings.
between the mass of the total specimen and the mass of
the residual aggregate and moisture content and 4.1.5 Small-Mouth Graduate — 1 000 ml or 2 000 ml
expressed as mass percent of moisture-free mixtures. capacity. Optional small-mouth graduate, 100 ml
capacity.
2 REFERENCES
4.1.6 Ignition Dish — 125 ml capacity.
The following standard contain provisions which
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of 4.1.7 Desiccator
this standard. At the time of publication, the edition
indicated was valid. All standardsare subject to revision 4.1.8 Extraction Apparatus
and parties to agreement based on the standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying It consists of a bowl approximating (see Fig. 1) and an
the most recent edition of the standard listed below: apparatus in which the bowl may be revolved at
controlled variable speeds up to 3 600 rpm. The speed
may be controlled manually or with a preset speed
IS No. Title
control. The apparatus should be provided with a
IS 245 : 2020 Specification for trichloroethylene, container for catching the solvent thrown from the
technical (fourth revision) bowl and a drain for removing the solvent. The
apparatus preferably shall be provided with explosion-
IS 334 : 2002 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen
proof features and installed in a hood or an effective
and tar (third revision) surface exhaust system to provide ventilation.

1
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IS 19008 : 2023

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IS 19008 : 2023

4.1.9 Filter Rings — Felt or paper, to fit the rim of the NOTE — Benzene shall not be used because of its high
toxicity.
bowl. Low-ash paper filter rings may be usedin place of
the felt filter ring. Such filter rings shall consist of low
ash filter paper stock with (0.05 ± 0.005) inch or 4.3 Preparation of Test Specimen
(1.27 ± 0.127) mm thickness. The nominal base
weight of the paper shall be (330 ± 30) lb or 4.3.1 If the mixture is not sufficiently soft to separate
(149.685 ± 13.608) kg for a ream. The ash content of with a spatula or trowel, place it in a large, flat pan and
the paper should not exceed 0.2 percent warm to (110 ± 5) °C only until it can be handled or
(approximately 0.034 g per ring). mixed. Split or quarter the material until the mass of
NOTE — There is no international standard designation for material required for test is obtained.
large- size sheets of filter paper from which theround filters are
cut out. These round filter papers are sold by the test equipment 4.3.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by
supplier. the nominal maximum aggregate size of the mixture
4.2 Reagent and shall conform to the mass requirement shown in
Table 1.
4.2.1 Trichloroethylene, technical grade conforming to
IS 245.

Table 1 Size of Sample Required for Method A


(Clause 4.3.2)
________________________________________
Sl No. Nominal Maximum Sieve Size Minimum Mass of
Aggregate Size, Sample,
mm kg
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) 4.75 No. 4 0.5
ii) 9.5 3/8 in 1.0
iii) 12.5 ½ in 1.5
iv) 19.0 ¾ in 2.0
v) 25.0 1 in 3.0
vi) 37.5 1 ½ in 4.0
______________________________________

NOTES
1 When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity of 3 If recovery of bitumen from the solution obtained from the
the extraction equipment, the test specimen may be divided in extraction test is not required, the entire test specimen may be dried to
suitable increments, tested, and results appropriately combined constant mass in an oven at a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C prior to
for calculation of bitumen content. extraction instead of determining the moisture content.
2 In addition, a test specimen is required for the determination
of moisture in the mixtures. Take this test specimen from the
remaining sample of the mixture immediately after obtaining
the extraction test specimen.

3
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IS 19008 : 2023

4.4 Procedure 𝑉1 = total volume, in ml, of liquid extract; and


4.4.1 Determine the moisture content of the sample from 𝑉2 = volume, in ml, after removing aliquot.
the test specimen taken separately. A weighed amount of
sample is dried in an oven at (110 ± 5) °C to constant 4.5 Calculation
(𝑊1−𝑊2)−(𝑊3−𝑊4)
mass and its moisture content is determined. Bitumen Content, percent = ( ) × 100
(𝑊1−𝑊2)
4.4.2 Place a 650 g to 2 500 g test portion (W1) into a where
bowl. Cover it with trichloroethylene and allow sufficient
time (not more than 1 h) for the solvent to disintegrate the W1 = mass, in g, of test portion taken;
test portion. Place the bowl containing the test portion and W2 = mass, in g, of water in the test portion;
the solvent in the extraction apparatus. Dry and determine W3 = mass, in g, of the extracted aggregate; and
the mass of the filter ring and fit it around the edge of the
W4 = mass, in g, of the mineral matter in the total
bowl. Clamp the cover on the bowl tightly and place a
volume of extract.
beaker under the drain to collect the extract.
4.6 Report
4.4.3 Start the centrifuge revolving slowly and gradually
increase the speed to a maximum of 3 600 rpm or until Report the bitumen content up to two decimal places
solvent ceases to flow from the drain. Allow the machine (nearest 0.01 percent). Also report mass of bituminous
to stop, add 200 ml of trichloroethylene and repeat the mixture taken for testing (nearest 0.1 g).
procedure. Use sufficient 200 ml solvent additions so that
the extract is not darker than a light straw color. Collect the 5 METHOD B — IGNITION METHOD
extract and the washings in a suitable graduate. 5.1 Apparatus
4.4.4 Remove the filter ring from the bowl and dry in air. 5.1.1 Ignition Furnace
If felt filter rings are used, brush off mineral matter
adhering to the surface of the ring and add to the extracted A forced-air ignition furnace that heats the specimens by
aggregate. Dry the ring to constant mass in an oven at either the convection or direct irradiation method. The
(110 ± 5) °C. Carefully remove all the contents of the convection-type furnace must have a minimum
bowl into a metal pan and dry to constant mass in an oven temperature capability of 580 °C. The furnace shall have
or on a hot plate at (110 ± 5) °C. an internal weighing system capable of weighing sample
size of at least 2 500 g. A data collection system shall
4.4.5 The mass of the extracted aggregate, W3, is equal to also be included so that the sample mass loss can be
the mass of the aggregate in the pan plus the increase in determined to an accuracy of 0.1 g and displayed during
mass of the filter rings. the test. The test is deemed complete when the difference
NOTE — Since dry aggregate absorbs moisture when exposed to
between consecutive mass losses does not exceed
air containing moisture, determine the mass of the extracted 0.01 percent of the sample mass for three consecutive
aggregate immediately after cooling to a suitable temperature. 1 minute intervals. The equipment shall provide a print
out of the test results.
4.4.6 Record the volume of the total extract liquid in the
graduate. The furnace door shall be equipped so that it cannot be
opened during the ignition test. A method for reducing
4.4.7 Determine the mass of an ignition dish. Agitate the furnace emissions shall be provided and the furnace shall
extract thoroughly and immediately measure be vented so that no emissions escape into the
approximately 100 mL into the ignition dish. Evaporate to laboratory. The furnace shall have a fan to pull air
dryness on a hot plate. Ash residue at a dull red heat through the furnace to expedite the test and to eliminate
(500 °C to 600 °C), cool, and add 5 ml of saturated the escape of smoke into the laboratory.
ammonium carbonate solution per gram of ash. Digest at
room temperature for 1h. Dry in an oven at 100 °C to NOTE — The temperature of furnace, sample, sample trays(s),
constant mass, cool in a desiccator, and determine the and catch pan is extremely high. Therefore, caution should be
always exercised while handling these items otherwise serious
mass (G). injuries may result. These very hot items should not be placed for
4.4.8 Calculate the mass of mineral matter in the total cooling near other things which may ignite. The manufacturer’s
instruction manual should be followed to take all safety
volume of extract liquid, W4, as follows precautions.
𝑾𝟒 = 𝑮 × [𝑽𝟏⁄(𝑽𝟏 – 𝑽𝟐)] 5.1.2 Sample Basket Assembly
where
It consists of sample basket(s), catch pan, and basket
𝑊4 = mass, in g, of mineral matter in the total guards. Sample basket(s) will be of appropriate size
volume of extract; allowing samples to be thinly spread and allowing air to
G = ash, in g, in aliquot;

4
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IS 19008 : 2023

flow through and around the sample particles. Sets of and catch pan to nearest 0.1 g. Calculate and record the
two or more baskets shall be nested. A catch pan of initial mass of the sample (WI). Heat the calibration
sufficient size to hold the sample basket(s) so that sample in the furnace at (540 ± 5) °C until the change in
aggregate particles and melting binder falling through the the mass of sample during three consecutive intervals of
screen mesh are caught. Basket guards will completely 1 min does not exceed 0.01 percent of the sample mass
enclose the basket and be made of screen mesh, (WI). Measure and record the mass loss (WL) of the
perforated stainless steel plate, or other suitable material. sample after ignition to the nearest 0.1 g.This mass shall
5.1.3 Thermometer, or other temperature measuring be shown in the print out and display also Calculate the
device, with a temperature range of 10 °C to 260 °C calibration factor (CF) as follows:
and readable to 0.1 °C . 𝑊𝑊𝐼𝐼 −𝑊𝑊𝐿𝐿
CF = � × 100� − 𝑃𝑃
𝑊𝑊𝐼𝐼
5.1.4 Oven, capable of maintaining (110 ± 5) °C.
where
5.1.5 Balance, with accuracy of 0.1 g and capacity W𝐼𝐼 = total mass, in g, of the mixture calibration
sufficient for measuring the mass of the specimen, sample sample prior to ignition;
trays, and catch pan. W𝐿𝐿 = total mass, in g, of the mixture calibration
5.2 Calibration sample after ignition; and
𝑃𝑃 = percentage of actual bitumen content in the
5.2.1 Since different types of aggregates lose mass to mix by mass of the total mix expressed as a
varying degrees on ignition, the results of this test may be percentage.
affected. Also, presence of modifiers and additives can
affect the test results. Therefore, a calibration factor shall 5.2.3 Repeat the preceding steps for the remaining two
be established by three calibration mixture samples additional calibration samples. Then calculate the average
prepared with known bitumen content and aggregate calibration factor (CFavg) for this specific mix by taking
gradation to be used on the project. average of three CF values.

5.2.2 The calibration sample shall be approximately of the 5.2.4 The temperature for testing bituminous mixtures
same mass and gradation as of test sample. In case of later for this project shall be the same as used in this
convection-type furnace, set the furnace temperature to calibration process.
(540 ± 5) °C for calibration mixtures. In case of direct- 5.3 Procedure
irradiation type furnace, set the burn profile to the
DEFAULT mode. Prepare the three calibration mix 5.3.1 Obtain samples of bituminous mixture.
samples at the design bitumen content (P). Include any 5.3.2 If the mixture is not sufficiently soft to separate with
modifiersor additives to be used on the project. Determine a spatula or trowel, place it in a large flat pan in an oven
the mass of the sample tray(s) and catch pan to the nearest at (110 ± 5) °C until soft enough.
0.1 g. Distribute the loose mix evenly in the sample
tray(s). Determine the mass of thesample, sample tray(s), 5.3.3 Test sample size shall conform to the mass
requirement shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Size of Sample Required for Method B


(Clause 5.3.3)
______________________________________________
Sl No. Nominal Maximum Aggregate Minimum Mass of Maximum Mass of
Size, Sample, Sample,
mm kg kg
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) 37.5 4.0 4.5
ii) 25.0 3.0 3.5
iii) 19.0 2.0 2.5
iv) 12.5 1.5 2.0
v) 9.5 1.2 1.7
vi) 4.75 1.2 1.7
______________________________________________

5
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IS 19008 : 2023

5.3.4 Obtain the sample of the bituminous mixture for 5.3.11 The furnace’s data collection system shall
testing, its mass should be about the same as that used measure and record the mass of the sample after ignition
in the calibration process. (WA) to the nearest 0.1 g. This will be determined by the
furnace data collection system.
5.3.5 Dry the sample in an oven at (110 ± 5) °C to
constant mass so that its moisture content can be 5.4 Calculation
determined.
5.3.6 Set the furnace temperature or burn profile in The corrected bitumen content shall be calculated
accordance with the instructions of the furnace automatically by the furnace’s data collectionsystem
manufacturer. Mix sample to be placed in the furnace as follows:
can be at any temperature because the furnace will heat Bitumen Content, percent
it up quickly.
5.3.7 Determine the mass of the sample tray(s) and =
catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. Note that all these and
subsequent measurements will be made by the built-in
weighing system. where
WA = total mass, in g, of the aggregate remaining
5.3.8 Place the loose sample mix evenly in the sample
tray(s). after ignition;
WB = total mass, in g, of the bituminous mixture
5.3.9 Determine the mass of the mix sample, sample prior to ignition; and
tray(s) and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. Calculate and
CFavg = calibration factor obtained (5.2.3) and
record the initial mass of the sample (WB).
entered into the furnace’s data
5.3.10 Heat the sample in the ignition oven at the collection system for this specific mix
specified temperature until the difference between
consecutive measured mass loss does not exceed 5.5 Report
0.01 percent of the sample mass (WB) for three Report the bitumen content up to two decimal places
consecutive 1-minute time intervals. This point shall be (nearest 0.01 percent). Also report calibration factor
determined by the automated furnace data collection and mass of bituminous mixture before and after
system. ignition (nearest 0.1 g).

6
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IS 19008 : 2023

ANNEX A
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Bitumen, Tar and Related Products Sectional Committee, PCD 06

Organization Representative(s)
CSIR - Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi DR AMBIKA BEHL (Chairperson)
Airports Authority of India, New Delhi SHRI VINOD KUMAR SHARMA
SHRI SUPRIO GOSH (Alternate)
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai SHRI C. SHANMUGANATHAN
MS SONAL MAHESHWARI (Alternate)
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani SHRI SRIDHAR RAJU
CSIR - Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi DR SIKSHA SWAROOP KAR
CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat DR SHASHI D. BARUAH
DR B. P. BARUAH (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SHRI DIVAKAR AGRAWAL
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chennai DR V. SELVAVATHI
SHRI H. RAMAKRISHNAN (Alternate)
Dilip Buildcon Limited, Bhopal SHRI B. B. KAMESWARA RAO
SHRI ANUSH K. C. (Alternate)
Directorate General Border Roads, New Delhi LT COL NITIN CHANDRA JOSHI
SHRI ARNAB CHAKRABORTY (Alternate)
Directorate General of Quality Assurance, Ministry of Defence, SHRI VIVEKANAND
New Delhi SHRI ANIL KUMBHARE (Alternate I)
SHRI SACHIN VINAYAK ZOPE (Alternate II)
Engineer in Chief Branch, New Delhi SHRI R. JAYAPRASAD
SHRI O. P. SRIVATAVA (Alternate)
G R Infra-Projects Limited, Gurugram SHRI U. C. GUPTA
GP Global Asphalt Private Limited, New Delhi SHRI RAJESH KUMAR JAIN
Highways Research Station, Chennai MS ER S. USHA DEVI
SHRI ER S. YAMINI (Alternate)
Hindalco Industries Limited, Mumbai SHRI HARSHAD KUMAR PANDIT
Hindustan Colas Private Limited, Mumbai SHRI T. K. SUBHAASH
SHRI K. G. RANGANATHA (Alternate)
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HP Green R & D Center), SHRI B. RAVI
Bengaluru SHRI K. RAGHAVA KRISHNA (Alternate)
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai SHRI SANTOSH DHAKU BHOGALE
IRB Infrastructure Developers Limited, Mumbai SHRI SUDHIR HOSHING
SHRI JITENDER CHAUHAN (Alternate I)
MS SONALI SARKAR (Alternate II)
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun SHRI MANOJ SRIVASTAVA
DR KAMAL KUMAR (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai DR DHARAMVEER SINGH

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IS 19008 : 2023

Organization Representative(s)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi SHRI ARAVIND SWAMY
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai DR J. MURALI KRISHNAN
DR A. VEERARAGHAVAN (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee SHRI SHAM SUNDAR RAVINDRANATH
Indian Oil Corporation Limited - Refineries and Pipelines Division, SHRI S. SARKA
New Delhi SHRI K. MEDHI (Alternate I)
DR MONIKA (Alternate II)
Indian Oil Corporation Limited, New Delhi DR N. S. RAMAN
Indian Road Congress, New Delhi SHRI S. K. NIRMAL
SHRI R. V. PATIL (Alternate)
Indian Oil Total Private Limited, Mumbai SHRI PANKAJ KUMAR JAIN
SHRI GAURAV GOGNE (Alternate)
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi SHRI SANJEEV KUMAR
SHRI VARUN AGGARWAL (Alternate)
National Institute of Technology, Warangal SHRI VENKAIAH CHOWDARY
DR S. SHANKAR (Alternate)
National Rural Roads Development Agency, New Delhi SHRI B. C. PRADHAN
National Test House, Kolkata SHRI VINAY KUMAR
Nayara Energy Limited, Mumbai SHRI MRIGANKA TARAFDAR
SHRI DHIRAJ GONDALIA (Alternate)
Om Infracon Private Limited, Guwahati SHRI A. N. DAS
Ooms Polymer Modified Bitumen Private Limited, Gurugram SHRI B. R. TYAGI
SHRI PALASH KATHAL (Alternate)
Shell Bitumen India Private Limited, Gurgaon SHRI NILANJAN SARKER
ZYDEX Industries Limited SHRI AJAY RANKA
SHRI VISHAL SALUJA (Alternate I)
SHRI HIMANSHU AGARWAL (Alternate II)
BIS Directorate General SHRIMATI MEENAL PASSI SCIENTIST ‘E’/DIRECTOR
AND HEAD (PETROLEUM, COAL AND RELATED
PRODUCTS) [REPRESENTING DIRECTOR GENERAL
(Ex-officio)]

Member Secretary
SHRI HARI MOHAN MEENA
SCIENTIST ‘C’/DEPUTY DIRECTOR
(PETROLEUM, COAL AND RELATED PRODUCTS), BIS

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BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.

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the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Head (Publication & Sales), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the website-
www.bis.gov.in or www.standardsbis.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: PCD 06 (15414).

Amendments Issued Since Publication


Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS


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