A children's guide to

Python programming

By Yoseph Wondafrash
 1. Printing text and creating variables

Open the Python app and tap .

Press and start a program.

Type a name for your program and select a folder to save it in.

Type these commands into the 'script' window:

print("Hello world.")
print("\n")
print("I am learning Python.")

Press and watch the 'interpreter' window.

Program - A sequence of What does the print command do?

commands that are followed
in order to carry out a task.
What does printing \n do?
Run - Carrying out the What happens if you make a mistake in
commands in a program. your commands?
Also known as execute.

Press and start a program.

Type a name for your program and select a folder to save it in.

Type these commands in and then them:

What does the input

forename = input("What is your forename? ")
print("Hello",forename) command do?

Does it matter if you

Variable – A value that can be type in text other than
stored and used in a program. your name?

Edit and ฀Add a variable to store a surname. Then change the

improve: print command so it prints their full name.

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 2. Calculations and random numbers

Open the Python app and tap .

Press and start a program.

Type a name for your program and select a folder to save it in.

Type these commands in and then them:

print(100+10) Is the calculation still solved if

you use a negative number or
a decimal number?

Edit and ฀Change the commands to do a different calculation,

improve: such as a: take away -, multiplication * or division /.

Testing - Trying out a program to check if it works as expected.

Debugging - Finding and correcting mistakes in a program's source code.

Press and start a program.

Type a name for your program and select a folder to save it in.

Type these commands in and then them:

import random What does the .randrange

number = random.randrange(10,20,1) command do?
print(number)

฀ Change the number 10 to a smaller number

and the number 20 to a bigger number to see
Edit and what effect this has on the program.

improve: ฀ Add some commands to do calculations with the
random number. e.g.
print(number+10)

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 3. Number variables and adding comments

Open the Python app and start a program.

Type these commands in and then them:

number = int(input("Type a whole number: "))

answer = number * 8
print(number,"multiplied by 8 is",answer)

What happens if you type in a decimal number

instead of an integer (whole number)?

฀ Find out what changing int to float lets you do.

(Remember to change it back to int afterwards!)

฀ Add commands so the answer to an addition is
printed as well. You will need to use another variable
Edit and called answer2:
improve: answer2 = number + 6
print(number,"add 6 is",answer2)

฀ Change the program so you have to type in two

numbers at the start to use in each calculation.
You will need to use another variable called
number2. Remember to print it on the screen
before you show the answer!

Add these commands to your program:

# This is a comment. Does text on a line starting with a hash then a

space (# ) do anything when the program is run?

Comments - Notes in a program's code which explain

what commands do to remind you. They are not run.

Edit and ฀Type some comments beside some commands to

improve: explain what they do.

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 4. If statements

Open the Python app and start a program.

Type these commands in and then them:

answer = input("Do cats bark? ") What does this program do?
if answer = = "no":
print("Correct") Why do you think two equals
else:
print("Wrong") signs are used and not just one?

IF statement - Decides which commands to run depending

on whether certain things (conditions) are true or false.

Edit and ฀Change the question being asked (and the answer
improve: too, if needed).

Start a program.

Type these commands in and then them:

mark = int(input("Score: "))
if mark > 80: What does this program do?
print("Outstanding")
elif mark > 40: What does the elif command
print("Great")
else:
let you do?
print("Good")

Edit and ฀ Add another elif command in the middle so that a

improve: score of more than 60 is rated as "Super".

Programming challenge:
Create a program that asks a maths calculation and prints if
the user answers it right or wrong. Can you change one of
the numbers in it to a random number?

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 5. Arrays

Open the Python app and start a program.

Type these commands in and then them:
Use copy and paste to help
import random you quickly copy this!
vegarray = ["broccoli","beans"]

veg = random.choice(vegarray)
print("Mashed",veg," on the ceiling.") What does this program do?
veg = random.choice(vegarray)
print("Boiled",veg," on the floor.") What is the purpose of the
veg = random.choice(vegarray) vegarray?
print("Stewed",veg," in the corner.")
veg = random.choice(vegarray)
print(veg," upon the door.")
Array - A list of values.

Edit and
฀ Put more items in the array to make the poem more interesting.
improve:

Start a program, type these commands in and then them:

vehicles = ["bus","car","train"]

print(vehicles[0])
print(vehicles[1])
print(vehicles[2]) Can you see what the:
vehicles.append("plane") .append, .pop,
print(vehicles) .insert and .remove
vehicles.pop(2) commands do?
vehicles.insert(2,"boat")
print(vehicles)

vehicles.remove("car")
print(vehicles)

Programming challenge:
Create an array to store a list of names. Add commands to: .append, .pop,
.insert and .remove names. Find out what the .sort() command does.

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 6. Functions

Open the Python app and start a program.

Type these commands in and then them:

Function - A sub-program which

import random
is placed at the start of a bigger
def cointoss(): program and can be called (run)
options = ["heads","tails"] later using its name.
result = random.choice(options)
print(result)

cointoss() What does this program do?

cointoss()
cointoss() Why is better to call the
cointoss() function five times than to
cointoss()
copy all of its commands five
times?

Change
the program so it shows the results of rolling
Edit and a six-sided dice instead. You don't need to put ""
improve: around the options because they are numbers.

Programming challenge:
Create a program that tells a user's fortune by calling (running) a
function two times which randomly picks a prediction from an array:
e.g. You will be given money.
You will become famous.
You will see an alien.
You will find a lost item.
You will score well in a test.

Can you ask the user to input their name so that it is

included in the predictions (e.g. Tom will be given money)?

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 7. Iteration (looping)

Open the Python app and start a program.

Type these commands in and then them:

for i in range(4): What happens if you change

print("Hello world") 4 to a different number?

Iteration - A way of repeating or looping commands multiple times.

Start a program, type these commands in and then them:

for i in range(1,10): What happens if you change 4

print(i*10)
and 10 to different numbers?

Start a program, type these commands in and then them:

password = "fish"
guess = ""
If = = means 'equal to',
while (password != guess"): what does != mean?
guess = input("Enter password: ")
if password = = guess: What does a while loop do?
print("Correct")
else:
print("Try again")

Programming challenge:
Create a program in which the computer sets the password as a
random integer from 1 to 100 and user has to correctly guess it.
Can you use: if, elif and else commands to give the user clue
(e.g. "Too high" or "Too low")? Can you add a variable which
counts the number of guesses (count = count + 1)?

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 8. Parameters and validation

Open the Python app and start a program.

Type these commands in and then them:

def timestable(multiple): Parameter - A way of

for i in range(1,11):
print(i,"* ",multiple," =",i*multiple) passing a value from
the main program to a
multiple = int(input("Type a number: "))
print("\n") function when it is
timestable(multiple) called (run).

Programming challenge:
Create a function that prints the biggest of two values. In the main
program below it, the user will input two integers and they will
be passed to the function as parameters.

Start a program, type these commands in and then them:

def validation():
number = 0
while True: What is the
try: purpose of
number = int(input("Type a whole number: ")) this function?
except ValueError:
print("Not a whole number!) How could it
else:
return(number) be useful?
x = validation()

Validation - Automatic checking by a computer to ensure that an entered value is sensible.

Programming challenge:

Create a function which prints whether a if side1 == side2 == side3:

print("Equilateral")
triangle is: equilateral, scalene or elif side1 == side2:
isosceles. In the main program below it, print("Isosceles")
elif side2 == side3:
the user will input the triangle's three side print("Isosceles")
elif side1 == side3:
lengths as integers (checked with the print("Isosceles")
validation function above) and they will else:
print("Scalene")
be passed to the function as parameters.

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 9. Algorithms
Algorithm - An explanation of a the processes or instructions a program
carries out, usually described in a flowchart.

Programming challenge:
Create a simple version of a Snakes and Ladders game:

move function

Start Main program

Start
Press the
keyboard to roll
Set position = 0

Set dicenumber as a
random number Is
between 1 and 6. position yes Print a "Well
done" message
> 100?

position = no
position +
dicenumber Run move function Stop

Is position yes Change the position so

on a snake or it is more or less (use: if,
ladder number? elif and else)

no

Stop

฀ Can you add more print commands to display what is happening on screen?
฀ Can you make the game print the player's name at the end?

฀ Can you add another player to the game whose position is stored in a variable
called position2? You will need to make the game let each player move in
turns. You could create a variable called finished which is set to 0 at the
start and changes to 1 when a player wins, forcing the game to stop.

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