EARTH AND

SCIENCE
Module 9

Name: Ashley Rae Piandong

Section : Hiruko
Campus : Plaridel
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
MODULE 9 ................................................................... 1

LESSON 2 .................................................................... 1
LESSON 3 .................................................................... 2
LESSON
4………………………………………………………………….3

LESSON
5…………………………………………………………………

LESSON
6………………………………………………………………..

LESSON
7……………………………………………………………….
MODULE9
LESSON 1

C:PRE-TEST

1. D
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. B

D. ACTIVITY 1

A. BREAK
B. WEATHER
C. SOIL
D. *concept map*

WEATHER SOIL
BREAK

BREAK
EXPLANATION : Soil develop because of the weathering of
materials on earth’s surface, including the mechanical break up
of rocks

ACTIVITY 2 : HOW THE SOIL FORMED

Observation Process involve Agent of the

process
(evidence gather
from the site)

Example: sand on Breaking rocks into Water

the sea shore small fragments

Elaborate

Activity 3

Directions: Convert the concept map to meaningful

sentences.

1. Weathering BREAKS ROCKS INTO SMALLER PIECES IT IS

THE EFFECT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON THE
ROCKS WEATHERING O CURE IN SITU
________________________________________________
__
2. Physical weathering _CAUSES ROCKS TO DISINTEGRATE
_______________________________________
3. Chemical weathering THEY CAUSE ROCKS TO DECOMPOSE
__________________________________________

2
_______________________________________

Evaluate

Direction: Write a sentence idea about the following words

based on what you have learned from this module.

I learned that weathering is __IMPORTANT FOR MAKING A

SOIL THAT WE
NEED______________________________________________
________

Agents of mechanical weathering are PHYSICAL AGENT AND

FREEZE THAW ___________________

Chemical agents are involved when THERE IS RAIN WATER

AND WARM TEMPERATURE
_____________________________________

Soil is produced through _THE PROCESS OF WEATHERING AND

NATURAL EROSION
__________________________________________________
_____

E. Reflection

Based on the lesson, draw a figure that shows the importance

of weathering.

3
Posttest

Directions: Identify the agent of weathering based on the

given pictures. Write A if the pictures show physical agent of
weathering, B for chemical agent and C for biological agent.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. C

4
LESSON 2
C:PRE-TEST

1. C
2. F
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. E
7. B

D. SLK Proper

I. Learning Experience

Engage

Activity 1. Picture Analysis

In chemistry, you have learned how a physical or a chemical

change occurs. A physical change in a substance does
not change what the substance is. In a chemical change where

5
there is a chemical reaction, a new substance is formed and
energy is either given off or absorbed.

Directions: Analyze the picture and identify the process of

change it shows. Write your answer on the space provided.

a. Breaking of glass CHEMICAL CHANGE

b. Melting of ice _CHEMICAL CHANGE

_____________________

c. Slicing a banana _PHYSICAL CHANGE

___________________

d. Burning of wood _CHEMICAL CHANGE

__________________

e. Frying of egg CHEMICAL CHANGE

_____________________

Explore

Activity 2 Rock Breaking Challenge

Procedure: Get a sample of rock. Break the sample
with the use of a hammer. Observe what happens
to the rock after the action.

6
 Describe the rock before and after the hammering
action.

Guide Questions:

How would you relate this to weathering process?

How does nature do the process of breaking rocks?

What do you think are the reasons why rocks are

broken into pieces?

7
 Elaborate

Activity 3 Differentiating the Types of

Weathering
Direction: Fill in the table with the needed
information using the guide
GUIDED PHYSICAL CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL
QUESTION WEATHERING WEATHERING WEATHERING
How it is It’s defined It’s defined It’s defined
defined physical chemical biological
weathering weathering weathering
because of because of because it
the effect of rain water cause by
changing reacting with plants and
temperature the mineral animals
causing the grains in rocks
rock to break to form
apart. minerals and
soluble salts.
What are the The process The process
process involved in involved in
involved? physical chemical
weathering is weathering is
EXFOLIATION, OXIDATION
FREEZE- HYDROLYSIS
THAW, AND
ABRASION, CARBONATION
AND WET DRY
CYCLE
Where does In a place
it happen? where there is
little soil and
few plants
What are the
example?

8
In your community, what is the most common type of
weathering that occurs? Elaborate your answer.

The most common type of weathering that occurs in my

community is wedging, wedging is the most common type
under physical weathering because wedging occur when a
substance find its way into rocks or holes and expand outward.

Evaluate

Direction: Write a sentence idea about the following words

based on what you have learned from this module.

I learned that weathering is classified as __weathering

classified as physical and chemical weathering.
__________________________________________________
___

Physical weathering (also called as

__mechanical___________) happens when_ there are changes
in temperature in short period of time.
_____________________________________________

9
 Chemical weathering occurs when __These chemical
processes need water, and occur more rapidly at higher
temperature, so warm, damp climates are best. Chemical
weathering (especially hydrolysis and oxidation) is the first
stage in the production of soils.

__________________________________________________
____

F. Reflection

Direction: Based on the lesson, write a tagline about

weathering. (It could also be a hugot line or a Pick up line)

10
 G. Posttest

Directions: Decide if the following descriptions are examples of

mechanical weathering or chemical weathering. Write P
(physical or mechanical) or C (chemical) on the space before
each statement to indicate which kind of weathering is being
described.

____P_1. Mosses growing on the surface of rocks, producing

pits in the rocks

___P__2. The wedging of tree roots along natural joints in

granite outcrops

____C_3. Limestone dissolved by carbonic acid

____C_4. The oxidation of minerals that contain iron

____P_5. Repeated freezing and thawing of water creating

larger cracks in rock

__C___6. The action of water, salt, and air on iron in rocks

___C__7. Acids from plant roots which dissolves minerals

causing rocks to break down

___P__8. Formation of potholes in streets during severe

winters

___P__9. Lifted sections of sidewalk along tree-lined streets

11
__C___10. A large rock falling from a cliff and then breaking

__C___11. Feldspar mixed with water, producing clay minerals

___P__12. Rocks that have been carried by streams and have

become smaller and more rounded

___P__13. Decaying plants dissolving some of the minerals in

rocks

___P__14. Tree roots cracking the concrete foundation of a

house

LESSON 3
C:PRE-TEST

1. D
2. A

12
 3. A
4. C
5. C

H. Learning Experience

Engage

Situation:

Two rivers run into the ocean. One river is very long,
the other is very short. Which river probably drops the
smallest rock pieces near the ocean? Explain your
answer. The long river probably drops the smallest
rock pieces near the ocean. Because of the length of
the river.

Explore

Activity 1 “Go with the Flow!”

Directions: To model waterfalls, raindrops, and

dripping water from rock faces

13
Or cave ceilings, you will pour water from a jar held at
different heights above

The rock. To model the rocks, you will use a pan full of
packed sand.

Analysis:

How do raindrops and waterfalls affect the

rocks they fall onto?

Elaborate

Directions: Answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors that affect the process of

weathering?

14
 2. Which of the processes causes the faster rate of
weathering? Why?

3. Which of the processes causes the slower rate of

weathering? Why?

4. What is the role of chemical reaction in the

process of weathering?

5. How do pollution speeds up weathering?

Evaluate

Directions: Fill in the blank to complete each

statement.

_____________________ is the movement of rock

particles by wind, water or ice.

15
2. The process that breaks down rock and other
materials on earth’s surface is called
______________________.

E. Reflection

After knowing this topic I realized that

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_______________

F. Post-Test

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions.

Blacken the circle of the letter that best answers each
question.

1. C

16
 2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D

LESSON 4
C:Pre-test

1. B
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. C

D. SLK Proper

I. Learning Experience

Engage

Activity 1

17
 Direction: Refer to Figures A, B and C below to
answer the questions that follow:

Questions:

In Figure A, what happens to the ball placed on top of

the table? What happens to the ball placed on a
slanted surface as shown in Figure B?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
______________

How about the ball placed on top of the hill?

__________________________________________

___________________________________________

Figure C

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How do you think gravity causes erosion and
deposition? How can gravity transport earth materials
and drop them somewhere else?

___________________________________________
__________

Explore

Activity 2. Mountain Building

Directions: This activity will teach you how to build a

mountain.

Guide Questions:

How does the water cause the mountain to be

destroyed?

___________________________________________
_________________
_______________________________________
_____________________
_______________________________________
_____________________

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In both the rainfall and the earthquake simulations,
what happens to the particles that move down as the
mountain is destroyed?

Why do these particles move downward?

___________________________________________
_____

Elaborate

Read the situation below.

CALABARZON areas have experienced various

landslide incidents for the past years due to strong
earthquakes combined and heavy rainfalls. Such
incidents caused heavy damage to the land areas,
infrastructures, residences, properties and even left a
high record of casualties. As a student, how would you
apply what you’ve learned in Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction in disseminating information
necessary for such geomorphic activities?

Explain

Guide Question:

20
From the previous activity that you have made
(Mountain Building), in which type of mass movement
can you categorize the process that was observed
during the activity? Why do you think so?
_______________________________________

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________.

Evaluate

How are mass movements classified?

___________________________________________
_________________
_______________________________________
_____________________
_______________________________________
_____________________

What are the different types of mass movements?

How does each type differ from the other?

21
E. Reflection

Give your thoughts on the quotation below:

“Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising

every time we fall.”

Confucius

I think confucius want us to realize that not just

because you fail or fall in a situation it doesn’t mean
that, that’s the end of your journey, coz every day is
chance to raise up and try a thousands times until you
succeed.

F:POST-TEST

1. A
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. D

22
 LESSON 5
C:PRE-TEST

1. A
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. B

SLK Proper

I. Learning Experience

Engage

Activity 1 Layers of the Earth

Direction: Observe Figure 1 and answer the

questions below.

1.Label the layers of the Earth.

Crust, Mantle, Core

23
2. Describe each layer in one word.

Crust- is the thinnest and the outer most layer of the

earth that extends from the surface to about 32
kilometers below.

Mantle-The mantle lies between Earth’s dense, super-

heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust.

Core-Earth’s core is the very hot, very dense center of

our planet.

3.In two sentences, give your idea why the Earth’s

interior is hot.

___________________________________________
_______________The interior of earth is hot because
of a process called radioactive decay. Certain
elements found in Earth are
unstable.____________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________

Activity 2 “Let’s Dig It!”

Directions: Read the situation below.

24
Situation

Nowadays, many projects are being undertaken by the

Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
going on in your place. If you do not find any, you can
ask someone who has experienced digging deep into
the ground. One of these is the installation of
manholes and drainage pipes under the ground. This
is one of the solutions for flooding during rainy days.

Now try to interview a person who works along this

line and ask him the following questions:

What did you feel while you are digging the soil?

As you go deeper and deeper to the ground, have you

noticed any change in the temperature? What
happened to the temperature? Does it increase or
decrease?

Then answer these questions yourself.

Why do you think the worker feels the change in

temperature as he digs deeper to the ground?

What do you think are the factors that make the

Earth’s interior hot?

25
What do you think are the factors that make the
temperature hot as you go deeper in the ground?

Elaborate

Activity 3

Directions: Read the scenario below.

Situation:

In school, students do a lot of activities, researches

and assignments in all the subjects. Once the deadline
is near, they tend to work UNDER PRESSURE. They get
easily mad and complain about everything. Why do
you think this happens? How will you relate this
scenario to the Earth’s interior that is also under
pressure?

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

26
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
______________.

Evaluate

What do you think will happen to the pressure when

the earth’s temperature increases?

Why does the density increase towards the center of

the earth?

What makes the inner and the outer core hot?

E. Reflection

If you will be given the chance to be a

geothermal engineer, how would you appreciate the
work of the miners?

_______________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
______________________________

27
F:POST TEST

1. D
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. B

LESSON 6
C:PRE-TEST

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A

J. Learning Experience

Engage

Activity 1

28
 Directions: Study figures A and B and answer the
questions below.

1. How does the release of trapped gases in

magma cause a volcano to
erupt?______________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________________

29
 2. You live on a large volcanic island not far
from an active volcano. Besides damage from lava,
what other hazards might affect your town and the
people?

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________________

3. What kind of eruption is likely to occur in a

volcano having magma that is low in silica? Explain
your answer.

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________.

Explore

Activity 2

Directions: Imagine looking at the Lava Canyon.

You’re mission (purpose) is to use your inferential

30
skills, and the “case facts” to determine if one or two
separate lava flows entered Lava Canyon.

Possible Explanations: (hypothesis)

#1: The black rock formation was deposited by a

single andesite lava flow. The two parts look different,
because they cooled at different rates.

#2: The black rock formation was deposited by two

separate andesite lava flows. You can determine this,
because there are two parts of the rock formation that
look different.

Case Facts (record data) and Evidence Evaluation

(procedure)

A. Observe the black lava flow before you. To

determine if the lava flow was thick or runny,
consider the following true statements about
andesite lava flows. Mark an X beside the
statement you think is more correct about
the canyon before you.

____The cooled surface of runny andesite lava

forms a hardened crust or cap that insulates the lava
beneath it.

31
 ____ The cooled surface of thick pasty andesite
lava is covered with larges rocks and looks like a field
of boulders.

B. Observe the black lava flow before you. To

determine if the lava flow cooled quickly or
slowly, consider the following true
statements about andesite lava flows. Mark
an X beside the statement you think is more
correct in the canyon before you.

____ Lava flows that cool very slowly can form

four, five and eight sided columns.

____ Lava flows that cool quickly do not form

columns.

C. Observe the black lava flow before you. To

determine if there were one or two separate
lava flows consider the following true
statements about the color of volcanic rocks.
Mark an X beside the statement you think is
more correct about the canyon before you.

____ A thin red layer of re-melted lava is formed

when new lava flows over another already hardened
lava flow.

32
____ Ancient volcanic rocks can weather to bright
orange and yellow colors.

Conclusion:

a) I think that explanation # _______ is

the best.

b) I have reached a different conclusion

(Using complete sentence, explain the evidence you

used to support your conclusion.)

___________________________________________
_______________________.

Elaborate

Activity 3

Directions: Imagine looking through metal fence to

examine a specific type of lava flow. Explain that all
magma, molten rock beneath the surface of the earth,
are composed of the same basic elements, but the

33
proportions vary from one magma to another. When
it erupts onto the Earth’s surface it becomes “lava”.

How are these three types of magma formed?

A) Basalt _formed through dry partial

melting pf the mantle
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________

B) Rhyolite
_____formed as a result
of wet melting of continental crust.
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
_______________

34
 D. Andesite formed through wet partial melting
of the mantle.

Evaluate

Direction: Give the correct answer for each statement

below.

1. A mass of rock that forms when a large body of

magma cools inside the crust is called a _______.

2. Hardened magma in a volcano’s pipe that remains

when softer rock around it has worn away is called a
_______.

3. A huge hole, or _______, is left when the roof of a

volcanic mountain’s magma chamber collapses.

4. A liquid with little _______ among its particles will

have low viscosity.

5. A _______ is an area where material from deep

within the mantle rises and then melts, forming
magma.

6. Groundwater heated by a nearby body of magma

can spray from the ground under pressure, forming a
_______.

7. An energy source called _______ energy is

provided by water heated by magma.

35
8. Magma flows easily when it is low in _______, a
material made of oxygen and silicon.

9. Sometimes rising magma is blocked by horizontal

layers of rock. The magma forces the layers of rock
to bend upward into a landform called a(n) _______.

10. An eruption of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases

from a volcano is called a(n) _______.

E. Reflection:

If you will relate the formation of magma to

friendship what element of magma best suits
friendship? Explain

_______________________________________
________________________

___________________________________________
________________________.

F:POST TEST

1. A
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. B

36
LESSON 7
C:PRE-TEST

1. E
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. C

D. SLK Proper

I. Learning Experience:

Engage

Activity 1 Let’s do this…

Directions: Perform the following activity.

Answer the questions that follow.

37
 1. What do you notice with the ice cube and salt
after two hours?

2. In terms of the Earth’s structure, what does the

ice cube represent? How about the salt?

38
 3. Base on the result of the activity, state the
connection of the container’s heat with the inner
part of the Earth.

Explore

I can do this…

Directions: Analyze the picture below. How do you

think magma forms? What happens to the magma
after it is formed in the magma chamber?

Elaborate

Let us do more…

Read the following scenario.

39
 A person who is very emotional tends to burst out
his or her feelings especially during hard times and
when they are under pressure. What is the reason
why this happens? Relate this to how magma forms
beneath the Earth’s interior and how this is brought
outside the Earth’s surface.

Evaluate

I can do more…

Directions: Complete the paragraph below. Choose

your answer from the words written in the table
provided below.

40
The three layers of the Earth are the crust , the
Mantle , and the core . The principal contributors
to the heat of the Earth’s core are the decay of radio
active elements and the heat of the molten
outer core near the inner core . Mantle
convection is the movement of the mantle as heat
is transferred from the core to the crust. Earth’s heat
budget drives most of the geological process on
Earth.

magma Are rocks that melted when subjected

to high temperature and pressure. Magmatism
Is the activity or the motion of magma. Plutonism
Is the formation of intrusive igneous rocks through
the solidification of magma beneath the Earth’s
surface. Volcanism Is the phenomenon of an
eruption of magma onto the surface of the Earth.
volcano Is the opening on the Earth’s crust
where magma, gases, and hot vapor are being ejected
or released. Is the cooled and solidified magma
upon reaching the Earth’s surface .

core

F. Reflection

41
 Reflect on how destructive a volcanic eruption
can become. Relate this to how damaging negative
emotions can be to oneself and to others.

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
____________________

F: POST TEST

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. A

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43