Case Study

AIR POLLUTION
University of Mindanao Digos College
GE15 - Environmental Science
Submitted to:
Nelly Joy Bulonos
Submitted by:
Mayville A. Encallado
A Case Analysis of Air Pollution in Cavite City

Background
New laws and regulations have lately been created in response to the steadily rising
levels of air pollution and the growing understanding of the dangers posed by air pollutants.
Despite the fact that this subject has been the subject of a lot of study, bibliometric data is
still lacking. Therefore, this research offers a scientometric perspective on the information
previously published on this issue.
The release of hazardous particulate matter into the atmosphere due to artificial or
natural causes is known as air pollution. These sources may also be divided into fixed and
mobile sources. With the systematic use of fire by humans, anthropogenic air pollution first
appeared. Its historical growth has been marked by continuously rising overall emissions,
the creation of new sources of pollution, and the release of contaminants that weren't
previously released by man-made sources. The burning of fuels, increased manufacturing
emissions, and motorised street traffic, particularly exhaust gases and tire abrasion, are
today's main drivers of man-made air pollution. Depending on the size of the pollution
particles, they may travel for thousands of kilometres. They may penetrate more delicate
lung structures as their diameter decreases.
Introduction
Over the last millions of years, the composition of the atmosphere has been
progressively changing; however, it has only been in the last two to three hundred years,
since the start of the industrial revolution in Europe and North America, that man has started
to influence this shift. Over the past 50 years, the process has quickened as more nations
have started to experience high economic growth. This chapter examines some key
developments in regional air quality issues, local issues including haze and acid rain, as well
as the regional impacts of global climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion. The
responses and policies that the Asian and Pacific Region is developing or putting into
practice to deal with these issues.
The City of Cavite, more formally known as Cavite City, is a component city of the
Philippines' 4th class. Located in Manila Bay, it serves as a major maritime hub for the
Philippines. The population of Cavite was estimated to be at 100 674 in a census taken that
year.
On January 1, 2022, the US Air Quality Index for Cavite City was 57, placing it in the
"Moderate" category of air quality. The United States Air Quality Index is part of a set of
measures supported by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that is used to assess air
quality in different places throughout the world using consistent criteria. In order to determine
this, the concentrations of the six most prevalent air pollutants are included in: nitrogen
dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter of both PM2.5 and
PM10 sizes. For cases where it is not possible to obtain all six digits, a level can be
determined by using the information that is available. It was found that PM2.5 levels in
Cavite City, Philippines, were 15 g/m3, which was the only pollutant that was really
quantified.
Due to the wide variety of factors that might alter air quality, variations in atmospheric
composition are commonplace and can occur suddenly. According to data from IQAir.com
from 2020, Cavite City had "Moderate" air quality throughout the year. The range for
acceptable values is 12.1–35.4 ng/m3. As measured in micrograms per cubic metre, April
was the cleanest month, with a level of 14.9, while September was the worst at 24.4.
Case Evaluation
Due to the wide variety of factors that might alter air quality, variations in atmospheric
composition are commonplace and can occur suddenly. According to data from IQAir.com
from 2020, Cavite City had "Moderate" air quality throughout the year. The range for
acceptable values is 12.1–35.4 ng/m3. As measured in micrograms per cubic metre, April
was the cleanest month, with a level of 14.9, while September was the worst at 24.4.
In 2019, the annual average for air quality was 26.2 g/m3, but in 2020, the average
dropped to 19.6 g/m3. This decrease was almost expected, as it would have been affected
by the COVID-19 pandemic, as many vehicles were no longer in daily use as a result of the
closure of offices and the encouragement of staff to work from home in an effort to halt the
spread of the virus. The temporary removal of their emissions occurred because of the
temporary closure of several industries and non-essential manufacturing units. Air quality
improved greatly in cities throughout the globe as a result of the pandemic's impact on
traffic.
The generation of electricity is the largest single contributor to pollution levels in the
environment. Power stations that burn coal or diesel are two of the most common and
damaging pollution sources. Similar to the aforementioned factors, industrial operations and
the use of solvents in chemical industries contribute to air pollution and global warming, but
to a smaller level.
Cars and trucks are responsible for around a quarter of the world's total carbon
dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels. Annually, thousands of people lose their lives
owing to poor air quality caused by these pollutants. Emissions of nitrogen oxides from
diesel fuel are responsible for half of them. Transport as it is is inefficient, costly, and
unsustainable since it cannot be maintained at the present pace without jeopardising future
generations.
Around forty percent of all garbage and organic waste is thought to be burnt openly,
sending dangerous dioxins, furans, methane, and black carbon into the air. A difficulty that is
exacerbated in emerging nations and rapidly urbanising regions.
Proposed Solutions
How to help, lessen and even air pollution in your community?
The one most important thing you can do is to drive less. Car emissions are one of the
biggest causes of air pollution. Come up with alternatives to driving a car with your
neighbours, including riding a bike or taking public transportation. If you must drive, consider
switching to electric vehicles.
● Conserve energy everywhere you are—at work, at home, etc.

● When purchasing equipment for your home or workplace, look for the ENERGY
STAR designation.
● When feasible, carpool, take the bus, bike, or walk there.
● For effective vapour recovery, follow the directions for refilling with gasoline. Be
cautious not to spill any fuel, and make sure the gas cap is properly tightened.
● Where available, think about buying portable fuel canisters marked "spill-proof."
● Keep the engines of your car, boat, and other vehicles tuned.
● Make sure your tires are filled appropriately.
● wherever feasible, use paints and cleaning supplies that are safe for the
environment.
● Compost or mulch your yard debris.
● Think about switching to gas logs from wood.
Take these Extra Steps to Reduce Pollution on Days with Expected High Particle Levels:
● Reduce the amount of automobile journeys you make.

● Reduce or stop using wood stoves and fireplaces.
● Do not burn rubbish, leaves, or other items.
● Use electric or battery-powered lawn and garden tools instead.
Recommendation
● Join in any environmental groups (Clean and Green Project).
● Each of us should clearly understand the importance of fresh air (human, animals,
plants, trees, flowers) and in order to save the earth.
● Reduced the use of things that might affect our environment.
● Planting new trees in gardens, parks and along the roads
● Burning smokeless fuel
● Rainforest Protection
References
Unesco. (2021) INTRODUCTION AIR POLLUTION from

https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/CH06.PDF
IQAir,(2022)Cavite City Air Quality from: https://www.iqair.com/philippines/calabarzon/cavite-

city
EPA, (2022) Actions You Can Take to Reduce Air Pollution: from
https://www3.epa.gov/region1/airquality/reducepollution.html#:~:text=Reduce%20the
%20number%20of%20trips,powered%20lawn%20and%20garden%20equipment.
Science Direct, (2022) Air Pollution: from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/air-
pollution#:~:text=CONCLUSION,general%20public%20is%20exposed%20to.

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AIR POLLUTION

University of Mindanao Digos College

GE15 - Environmental Science

Nelly Joy Bulonos

A Case Analysis of Air Pollution in Cavite City

● Conserve energy everywhere you are—at work, at home, etc.

● Reduce the amount of automobile journeys you make.

Unesco. (2021) INTRODUCTION AIR POLLUTION from

IQAir,(2022)Cavite City Air Quality from: https://www.iqair.com/philippines/calabarzon/cavite-

Science Direct, (2022) Air Pollution: from

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