Module in NSTP 1

UNIT I
HISTORY OF NSTP AND NEUST

Overview
This unit gives you an idea of the importance of the National Service Training Program
(NSTP). This unit will orient the students in RA 9163 or the law on the National Service Training
Program.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson I will be able to:
1. Know the history and importance of NSTP Program.;
2. Cite and understand the legal basis of NSTP, and
3. Relate or apply the concepts discussed to the different real-life situations.
Setting Up
Name: ______________________________
Course/Year and Section: ______________
In a separate piece of paper, answer the following
1. If the government’s prime duty is to serve and protect its citizens, what is our responsibility to
the state in return?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Why is it that the government recognizes the important role of the youth in the nation building?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson Proper
HISTORY OF NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)
Service is rendered in many ways. It is the act of doing something with someone or for any
cause without expecting anything in return. In the National Service Training Program (NSTP),
service is done either through military ways or non-military ways. Service by applying military
science is done through Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) while non –military service is done
through the Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) and Literacy Training Service (LTS).
The National Service Training Program (NSTP) started when Commonwealth Act No. 1,
otherwise known as the “National Defense Act”, was passed into a law. It is an act to provide for the
national defense of the Philippines penalizing certain violations thereof, appropriating funds
therefore, and for other purposes under the government of President Manuel L. Quezon (1935).
Commonwealth Act No. 1 required the male college students, to render 2 years (4 semesters) of
Military Training to be reserved cadets for the national defense of the Philippines.
On August 8, 1980, the amendment of Commonwealth Act No. 1 gave existence to

Presidential Decree No. 1706, also known as the “National Service Law”. It mandates compulsory
national service from all the citizens of the Philippines. It is divided into three main component
programs namely: Civic Welfare Service (CWTS), Law Enforcement Service (LES) and Military
Service (MS). Since it was a requirement in tertiary education, male college students were given the
option to choose from the components mentioned.
The implementation of the National Service law was suspended by the Presidential
Memorandum Order No. 1 of Late President Corazon C. Aquino briefly after the ouster of Marcos.
They changed it to Basic Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), effective school year 1986-
1987.
In the year 1991, the Basic ROTC Course was modified to Expanded ROTC Program
through the Implementing Rules and Regulation of Republic Act No 7077. They modified it so
college students will take military subjects in the first curriculum year and choose among the
following components (Military Training Service, Civic Welfare Service, and Law Enforcement
Service) in the second-year curriculum.
On March 18, 2001, a floating corpse wrapped in a carpet was found on the Pasig River.
Their hands were bound and the face was wrapped with packing tape. That body was identified as
Mark Welson Chua. He was 19-year-old engineering student of University of Santo Tomas (UST).
The death of this cadet, who was reported to be a victim of illegal ROTC practices, led to an
unexpected massive protest among college students together with their concerned parents who are
against the ROTC Program. The scandals and controversies led them to a proposal to change the
Expanded ROTC Program into “National Service Program”. However, another proposal was created
before the National Service Program was able to prosper. The proposal is what we know now as the
National Service Training Program (NSTP).
A new and latest amendment was brought for creating the Republic Act9163,which is also
known as the “National Service Training Program” (
http://www.vnseameo.org/InternationalConference2010/Full%20Papers/English/Amparo_Talag.doc )
- (NSTP) it is signed into law on January 23, 2002, and the implementation of this Act commenced
in the school year of 2002-2003. NSTP comprises three program components namely: Civic Welfare
Training Service (CWTS), Literacy Training Service (LTS), and Reserve Officer Training Corps
(ROTC). ( https://www.coursehero.com/file/p2trb7a9/appropriating-funds-therefore-and-for-other-
purposes-under-the-government-of/ )
REPUBLIC ACT NO.9163 (January 23, 2002)
 This Act shall be known as the "National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001"
 an act establishing the NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP) for tertiary level
students, amending for the purpose republic act no. 7077 and presidential decree no. 1706, and
for other purposes.
The National Service Training Program is a program designed to develop and enhance
civic consciousness and defense preparedness among the Filipino youth by developing ethics of
service, nationalism, and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three program
components. ( https://www.slideshare.net/JohnAdrianCA/introduction-to-nstp )
COMPONENTS OF NSTP
For those courses involving military services though optional, it is highly recommended to
take the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC). All incoming freshmen students in the Tertiary
Level are required and may choose from the three components to wit:
1. Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC). A program tailored to provide military training
for tertiary level students to motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national
preparedness. The year 2019 is significant in Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) as
President Rodrigo Duterte announced his desire to make the Reserve Officer Training Corps
mandatory in senior high school.
2. Literacy Training Service (LTS). A program tailored to develop students to become

educators of literacy and numeracy skills to the school children, less privileged out of school
youth, and other segments of our society in need of their service.
3. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS). Program activity is contributory to the general
welfare and the betterment of life of the members of the community, the upgrading of its
facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, quality of education, environment
protection, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and the morals of the citizenry.
Constitutional Basis of NSTP:
Art 2, 1987 Philippine Constitution
Section 4. The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. The Government
may call upon the people to defend the state and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service.
Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and
promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings
of democracy.
Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and
protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the
youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.
GUIDELINES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAM (NSP) AT THE

HIGHER EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
1. All entering tertiary level of students, male and female starting AY 2002-2003, undertake
training in any of the three (3) components (MS, CWS, ES) of the National Service Program
(NSP) of their choice as a requirement for graduation in any baccalaureate degree.
2. For the second semester foray 2001-2002 students who passed MS 11 under the Expanded
Reserve Officers Training Corps (E-ROTC), may either continue or opt to enroll in any of the
two (2) components.
3. All male non-freshmen tertiary level students who have not taken the E-ROTC Program
shall be covered by Guideline Number 1.
4. Students shall follow the policies and guidelines governing the program they opt to
undergo, as may be required by the lead agencies DND, CHED, and DILG.
5. All Freshmen student trainees shall initially undertake 5 common Basic Training Module
(CBTM), to a semester for a total of 51 hours. Those who have taken MS 1 in AY 2001-2002
or earlier shall be considered to have complied with the CBTM requirements.
6. A preference Survey shall be administered to student trainees towards the end of CBTM.
7. The office of student services (OSS) of CHED shall serve as the National Secretariat for the
NSP in higher education.
8. CHED Regional Offices (CHEDRos) shall designate a Regional Coordinator who will monitor
the implementation in Higher Educational Institution (HEIs) under the jurisdiction, in
coordination with the Regional DND and DILG offices. He/she shall render periodic progress
reports as may be required and necessary to the CHEDRO in the area.
9. Each HEI shall similarly designate a Program Coordinator who will monitor the
implementation of the NSP in their prospective colleges/universities and shall render
periodic reports as may be required and necessary to the CHEDRO in their area.
10. Establishment of National Service Program Office (NSPO) in HEIs and designation of its
Over-all Coordinator Commandant shall have the approval of the DND, through the AFP
Chief of Staff.
11. The current DMST Facilities of HEIs, which shall henceforth be called the National Service
Program Office (NSPO), shall be made available for use in the implementation of the NSP
Program.
12. Trainors, Coordinators, and implementors of the NSP, MS, CWS, and LES shall undergo
training for the uniform interpretation and implementation of the programs to be
conducted by DND, CHED, and DILG in collaboration with other concerned agencies.
13. Orientation and Information campaign shall be conducted by the CHEDROs and HEIs for the
school administration and other concerned program stakeholders, in coordination with
OSS-CHED.
14. Coordination with the Philippine Nation a Police (PNP) and the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP) on the matter concerning Les and MS implementation respectively shall
be done by HEIs whenever necessary
15. All schools may charge and collect an NSP from each student trainee equivalent to 1.5
units/semester.
16. Fees collected shall form part of the Trust Fund, which shall be managed by the school,
exclusively for the operation of the NSP and as per its accredited curriculum/POI.
17. Seventy percent (70%) of the NSP fee collected shall be proportionally allocated to the three
(3) programs according to its number of enrollees; the remaining thirty percent (30%) shall
be used to cover unprogrammed expenses related to NSP implementation.
18. Each coordinator shall prepare a Program of Expenses (POE) of their respective NSP
component, to be consolidated by the Over-all Project Coordinator (Commandant), and
submitted to the school head of the HEI for the approval.
19. Certificate of completion shall be issued by the Over-all coordinator (Commandant) to
student trainees who have successfully complied with the program requirements upon the
recommendation of the respective Program Coordinators.
20. HEIS shall provide group insurance coverage chargeable to the NSP trust fund for all
student trainees. Parent’s consent/waivers shall be required when undertaking off-campus
activities.
21. Cross enrolment shall be allowed if the program component chosen by the students is not
offered in the HEI where he/she is enrolled in.
22. DND shall remain the Overall lead agency in the implementation of the NSP.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1j8au0/All-freshmen-students-trainee-shall-initially-undertake-5-
common-basics/)
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

H I S T O R I C A L B A C K G R O U N D
The Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) started in June 1908as a
vocational course at the Wright Institute in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija where young Filipinos were
trained in woodworking and basic telegraphy. Said vocational course lasted until SY 1927-1928
when the general secondary school was transferred to Cabanatuan City.
However, on June 9, 1929, the school continued its operation in San Isidro, under a new
name, Nueva Ecija Trade School (NETS) with woodworking as the vocational course offered in
addition to the existing secondary curriculum inherited from the Wright Institute.
To meet the increasing demand for vocational education in the whole province, the trade
school was transferred on June 7, 1931, to Cabanatuan City. Enrolment increased; however, the
program was interrupted in December 1941 by the outbreak of the Second World War in the
Pacific.
Immediately after the war, the trade school was reopened on September 6, 1945,
Rehabilitation program took place. The trade school continued with its mission of meeting the
vocational and manpower needs of students coming from both Nueva Ecija and the nearby
provinces. On June 8, 1948, a course in dressmaking was opened and female students were
admitted to the School. A few years later, food trades and cosmetology courses were also offered.
On May 8, 1953, the NETS was converted into the Central Luzon School of Arts and Trades
(CLSAT) under Republic Act No. 845. CLSAT was recognized as a center of manpower/vocational
training for both youths and adults not only in the province but also in the whole Region III.
Series of developments continued until the CLSAT was converted into the Central Luzon
Polytechnic College (CLPC) under Republic Act No. 3998 which was signed on June 18, 1964, by
then-President Diosdado Macapagal.
Thirty-four years later, the CLPC, under the leadership of President Gemiliano C. Calling,
was converted into a specialized university, the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
under the Republic Act. No 8612.
The Bill converting CLPC into NEUST was signed on February 19, 1998, by Speaker Jose de
Venecia. It was forwarded to President Fidel V. Ramos on February 24, 1998, and lapsed into law on
March 27, 1998.
The University, therefore, ensures that the requirements of business, industry, services, and
other sectors as well as the needs of the local, regional and national development for high-quality
professionals and highly skilled middle-level manpower are addressed.
The leadership of Dr. Callingas the first University President ended up when he died on July
5, 2006. The baton of leadership was turned over to Dr. Hilario C. Ortiz as Acting President and
then finally, he was formally sworn into office on August 5, 2007, as the Second University
President. On August 4, 2011, Atty. Hilario C. Ortiz, Ph. D. was again given another four-year term as
University President.
Dr. Feliciana P. Jacoba was appointed as the third University President on February 10,
2016, and in 2019 she was re-appointed for her second term as university president. Dr. Jacoba
already made a mark on the history of NEUST as the First Woman President of the University.
Mission and Vision
MISSION
To develop new knowledge and technologies and transform human resources into productive
citizenry to bring about development impact to local and international communities
VISION
NEUST is a locally responsive and internationally relevant and recognized University of Science and
Technology

THE TAGLINE
Transforming communities through Science and Technology

CORE VALUES
Nationalism
Excellence
Unity
Spiritually
Transparency
Considering the state of S and T education in the Philippines, the following are possible
areas of assistance and cooperation for SUCs:
 Conduct of research and development projects;

 Scholarship grants for undergraduate, masters, and doctoral, degree on science and
technology;
 Library books grant;
 Laboratory equipment grant;
 Continuing Education Program from Science and Technology teachers;
 Provision of employment opportunities for science graduates;
 Maintenance and upgrading of Science and Technology programs and R and D centers;
and
 Faculty Exchange Program.
References:
Espinas, Arnold L., Ferrer, Melchor P., Dalanagin. Propecasio D., Santos, Miguel R., De Jesus Marilyn
T., Cabasag, Julius F. (2011) Reference test in NSTP. Mutya Publishing
Handbook on Community Training Programs for Participatory, ISF. Manila; Central for Rural
Technology Development, Philippine Business for Social Progress,1999
Sonia Gasilla, Ed.d. Edeliza Dela Cruz-Lazo, Palino M. Mapue, NSTP (Literacy Training Service 1)
Study Guide in NSTP 1 for NEUST students (2019)
Online References:
http://www.vnseameo.org/InternationalConference2010/Full%20Papers/English/Amparo_Talag.doc )
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p2trb7a9/appropriating-funds-therefore-and-for-other-purposes-
under-the-government-of/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1j8au0/All-freshmen-students-trainee-shall-initially-undertake-5-
common-basics/
Assessing Learning
Activity 1
Name: ____________________________________________________________ Student Number: _________________

Facilitator: _______________________________________________________ Year & Section: ___________________
I. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING:

___________ 1. This is a law created on August 8, 1980, amending
Commonwealth Act No. 1 to give existence to Presidential
Decree No. 1706.
___________ 2. This was suspended by the Presidential Memorandum
Order No. 1 of President Corazon C. Aquino in 1986.
___________ 3. This is the act was signed into law on January 23, 2002, also
known as the National Service Training Program
___________ 4. It comprises three program components namely: CWTS,
LTS, and ROTC.
___________ 5. The first name of NEUST which started in San Isidro, Nueva
Ecija in 1908 as a vocational course.
___________ 6. It was converted into CLPC under RA 3998.
___________ 7. The first woman President of NEUST.
___________ 8. The first President of NEUST.
__________ 9. In the core values of NEUST, what is the meaning of “N”.
__________ 10. Also, in the core values of NEUST, “E” means…
II. In a sheet of paper, tell something about the following.
1. 1. Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

2. 2. National Service Training Program
3. 3. Civic Welfare Training Service
4. Literacy Training Service
4. 5. Reserve Officer Training Corps
5. 6. Commission on Higher Education
6. 7. Non-Government Organization
7. 8. Department of National Defense
8. 9. State Universities and Colleges
9. 10. Central Luzon Polytechnic College
III. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. If the government has the prime duty to serve and protect its citizens, in return, what is also
our responsibility to the state?
2. Why is that the government recognizes the important role of the youth in nation-building?
3. What do you think is the reason why female students are now required to take NSTP?
4. Why are foreigners not required to take up NSTP?
IV. Recitation (Submission through e-mail or messenger)
1. NEUST March, Vision, Mission, Taglines

2. NEUST Administrative Council members
UNIT II
CITIZENSHIP TRAINING
Overview
This unit shall orient you on the definition and importance of citizenship training. Likewise,
the unit will show us the difference between nationalism and patriotism. This also introduces us to
the idea of suffrage, citizenship, and the duties of our government officials to its citizens.
Lesson Objectives
1. define citizenship training;
2. identify current issues, events, and concerns on Politico, socio-economic, and cultural
situations;
3. appreciate nationalism and patriotism; and
4. define and analyze selected lessons from the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
Setting Up
Name:
Course/Section:
In a separate sheet yellow paper, answer the following:
1. What does it mean to be a nationalist?

2. As a Filipino citizen, what is your responsibility to your country?
3. Make a proposed project or program to help reduce the pain or suffering of people in your
barangay during this time of the pandemic.
Lesson Proper
Citizenship Training
Citizenship Training is a program wherein it develops our characters to become more mindful of
our responsibilities, rights, and roles in society.
Volunteer Act of 2007 (RA9418)
An act institutionalizing strategy for rural development strengthening volunteerism and for
other purposes.
Volunteer Act of 2007
 Legislation that recognizes volunteerism or “bayanihan”;

 Let’s the government partnership achieve the desired transformation development through
volunteerism;
 this Act recognizes different roles in the different sectors; and
 encourage academic institutions to continuously teach and practice volunteerism
The three main objectives of the Volunteer Act of 2007
1. To provide a policy framework on volunteerism that shall underscore the fundamental
principles necessary to harness and harmonize the broad and diverse efforts of the
voluntary sector in the country into an integrative and effective partnership for local and
national development as well as international cooperation and understanding.
2. To provide a conducive and enabling environment for volunteers and volunteer service
organizations by a setting mechanism to protect volunteers’ rights and privileges and give
due recognition to highlight their roles and contributions to society; and
3. To provide an effective institutional mechanism to strengthen the role of the Philippine
National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency PNVSCA) to perform its mandates and to
oversee the implementation of this Act.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2007/04/10/republic-act-no-9418/
Nation Building and Community Service: Finding our Role in Nation Building
The term nation building or national development is usually used to refer to a constructive
process of engaging all citizens in building social cohesion, economic prosperity, and political
stability in a nation inclusively and democratically. Going by the definition, it is seen that all citizens
are to be involved in building or developing a nation. Thus, the involvement of youth in national
development is a must. Youths play one of the most important roles in nation-building.
(https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Role-Of-Youth-In-National-Development-PKFRXYA57KUEZ )
Sec. 13, Art II of the 1987 Philippine Constitution declares that “ the State recognizes
the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral,
spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and
nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs”.
One of the resources of the state is the youth. As our national hero once declared “ang
kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan”, the vital role of the youth in nation-building is indeed
indispensable for they are the leaders of tomorrow. Unlike the previous generations, today’s
younger citizenry is better educated and far more well-informed and articulate and politically
conscious, mainly due to easier access to information, particularly through the internet and other
forms of technology.
As a student, what can you contribute to the transformation of the Philippines?
1. Study hard and finish your course.
2. Attend to your personal and filial responsibilities.
3. Respect/obey the laws and rules of the land.
4. Be an active citizen within the bounds of the law.
5. Join organizations or associations created for the betterment of our society.
6. Learn more about our historical /cultural heritage.
7. Love your country, your culture, traditions, and your people.
8. Be a human person that is acting within the bounds of morality.
9. Follow and respect your parents.
10. Take part in any activities or organizations that take part in the nation-building.
11. Be a good ambassador wherever you go because it will reflect your nationality.
12. Always do what is right in the eyes of man and in God’s eyes
13. Vote wisely during elections.
We can do our share in nation-building by helping improve a lot of people around who is in
need. Even merely helping improve our domestic helper’s lives is already doing something. To help
someone who feels worthless to feel worthy again and even only to have empathy and compassion
for another is to contribute to the building of a just and humane society. We can transform our
country from below by earning an honest living, treating one another as brothers and sisters giving
everyone his/her due and living, and working together in harmony. By dint of many small efforts on
the part of many people, starting with ourselves, we can do something good for others and our
country too. We can find heroes among the ordinary people, those who help build our nation by the
truly heroic act of being good and responsible citizens.
As a Filipino Citizen, you can help by/through:
1. Do not buy smuggled goods.
2. Follow traffic rules.
3. Whenever you buy or pay for anything, always ask for an official receipt.
4. When you talk to others, especially to foreigners, speak positively about our race and our
country.
5. Do not litter. Dispose of your garbage properly. Segregate, recycle, conserve.
6. Support your church or charitable or civic organizations.
7. Adopt a scholar.
8. Be a good parent. Teach your kids to abide by the law and to love our country.
9. Pay your taxes.
10. Have faith in the Divine Providence.
11. Safeguard the purity of suffrage and abide by the decisions of the majority.
12. Lead and respect your parents.
13. Honor the memory of our heroes.
14. Lead a clean and frugal life.
Filipino Bayanihan, Nationalism and Patriotism
BAYANIHAN
Mutual assistance, group liability, or social group work are some terms used to signify a
sense of belongingness, teamwork, social responsibility, and unity of purpose among the people in a
community. The Filipino word for it is bayanihan, from the root word bayani, which means hero.
Thus, bayanihan would translate to doing a selfless heroic act of helping others without expecting
something in return. From this heroic concept of support, the idea of communal action and
cooperation in pursuit of a common task sprang up.
Bayanihan is commonly manifested in a neighborhood effort in helping a family move their
nipa hut to a new location. Imagine a throng of people carrying a ‘straw and wooden’ house on their
shoulders and transporting it in a closely synchronized undertaking with cheers and singing along
the way.
Bayanihan is manifested in various communal actions. Farmers ask their fellow farmers to
help in planting and harvesting and reciprocate the favor when asked in turn. This Filipino trait is
likewise observed during emergencies, such as earthquakes, typhoons, fore, and other calamities, as
well as in times of sickness and deaths of community members where helping others becomes a
given.
The concept of bayanihan has come a long way. The internationally-acclaimed national folk-
dance group Bayanihan Dance Company showcases the best of the Filipino traditional culture
through dance. In the field of information technology, a group of Filipinos developed Bayanihan
Linux, a volunteer effort at developing a local version of the Linux operating system and was coined
by Luis Sarmenta. The Harvard Business Review has featured the term referring to an appeal for
global efforts in corporate social responsibility. In local banking, a savings window has been named
the Bayanihan Savings Program to underscore the Filipino value of pooling common resources to
help one another. Truly, the bayanihan spirit remains very alive in every Filipino.
(https://www.studymode.com/essays/Filipino-Pride-Lite-Version-64473769.html )
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

The words ‘nationalism’ and ‘patriotism’ are often used interchangeably, meaning one for
the other. There is, however, a wide distinction between nationalism and patriotism as political
concepts. Let us consider the following.
Nationalism, etymologically, means love, are for, preservation and patronage of one’s native
land and everything in it – the country of birth of a national, whether it be Filipino or otherwise. To
be a Filipino nationalist, therefore, the ethnological ramifications of nationalism must all be present
in one’s being. This implies a heartfelt dedication for the love, care, and preservation of the
Philippine territory, the inhabitants, Philippine sovereignty, its government, all things that
represent and symbolize the country; the aspirations, hopes, dreams, and needs of the Filipino
people.
On the other hand, patriotism is taken from the Latin term pater, which literally means
“father”. Patriotism is the willingness and determination to lay down one’s life for the fatherland –
the constant resolve to sacrifice one’s life and limb for the preservation of the State. It is the total
realization of that love for the country, which is nationalism. In other words, to be patriotic is to be
nationalistic. Conversely, one cannot be patriotic without being nationalistic.
In the Philippines, today, we are lacking in patriots largely due to the diffusion of Filipino
values, culture, the influence of conquistadores, and the confluence of historical bad governance.
The Philippine State is in dire need of statesmen who truly understand the basics of politics –
politics being defines as the systematic study of the state – the state is defined as having four basic
elements: territory (the Philippine archipelago, its waters, subterranean shelves, etc.), people (the
Filipino people who are nationalistic and patriotic), sovereignty (freedom from foreign dictates),
and government (a body politic composed of delegates who are considered to be representatives of
the people to stand and fight for Filipino interests, dreams, aspirations, and hopes).
(https://wwwesiscar.blogspot.com/2010/09/philippine-nationalism-and-patriotism.html )
For as long as our political leaders hiding us about things, for as long as the Filipino people
refuse to learn, for as long as we remain mediocre, for as long as we could not help to change our
self inwardly, for as long as we continue to refuse to have change, nationalism, and patriotism will
only be words in the dictionary.
Do you consider yourself a patriot or a nationalist? How?
 Do you know the symbol of your country and explain every part that makes it?
 Do you know the lyrics of your National Anthem?
 What is the history of your country?
 Who were the loyal generals of President Emilio Aguinaldo?
 Can you name the presidents of the Philippines from Aguinaldo to Duterte?
 Why do malls play the “Lupang Hinirang” in their movie theaters?
 In a formal program, why does the national anthem come first before the prayer?
 What does it take to be a Filipino? To be a truly Filipino citizen?
(https://www.slideshare.net/100000861051472/patriotism-and-nationalism )
What does Nationalism mean?

From the Philippines, its stronghold, nationalism is a devotion of love for one’s country.
Nationalism means to give more importance to unity by way of cultural background, including
language and heritage. It implies to a person that his country is the most superior among other
countries and he will defend it no matter what.
What does Patriotism mean?
Patriotism is a devotion to one’s country for no other reason than being a citizen of that
country. It is a common virtue that pertains to the love for a nation, with more emphasis on values
and beliefs. Patriotic one will be ready to make any sacrifice for his country. He will never live
selfishly for himself alone. A soldier for instance makes the supreme sacrifice of his life for the sake
of his country.
You may call yourself a patriot if you consider these:
1. Respect the flag and value Filipino identity.
2. Know your nation’s history and be able to share it to others
3. Be a productive citizen.
4. Be aware of the issues in our country.
5. Stand proud of every Filipino achievement.
6. Patronize and support our products.
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions.
8. Speak out our language and not hesitate to tell us where you came from.
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country.
10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our compatriots.
(https://www.slideshare.net/100000861051472/patriotism-and-nationalism )
Selected lessons from 1987 Constitution: Citizenship, Suffrage, and Accountability of Public
Officers
The Philippines, a democratic and republican state.
The above declaration is a re-statement of the democratic character of our government. A
republican government is a democratic government by representatives chosen by the people at
large. The essence- therefore, of a republican state is an indirect rule. The people have established
the government to govern themselves. Its officers from the highest to lowest are servants of the
people and not their masters. They can only exercise the powers delegated to them by the people
who remain as the ultimate source of political power and authority.
Section 1 adds the word “democratic” because the government, while essentially a
republican democracy, embodies some features of a pure or direct democracy such as initiative,
referendum, and recall.
CITIZENSHIP
One of the elements of the state is people/citizenship, along with the territory, government,
and sovereignty, they made up a state.
Citizenship is membership in a political community which implies reciprocally, a duty of
allegiance on the part of the member and duty of protection on the part of the state.
The following are the citizens of the Philippines as provided in the1987 Philippine
Constitution:
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority;
4. Those who are naturalized under the law
(https://filipinolawgroup.com/dual-citizenship-philippines/ )
GENERAL WAYS OF ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP

1. Involuntary method – by birth, because of blood relationship or place of birth; and
2. Voluntary method – by naturalization
Citizens by birth
1. Jus sanguinis. Blood relationship is the basis for the acquisition of citizenship under this
rule. The children follow the citizenship of the parents or one of them. This is the principle
followed in the Philippines.
2. Jus soli. Place of birth serves as the basis for acquiring citizenship under this rule. A person
becomes a citizen of the state where he is born irrespective of the citizenship of the parents.
This principle prevails in the United States.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p37lasm/Citizens-by-birth-1-Jus-sanguinis-Blood-relationship-is-
the-basis-for-the/)
Citizen, Subject, Alien, Dual Citizenship and Dual Allegiance

Citizen is any person having the title of citizenship. He is a member of a democratic
community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is accorded protection inside and outside
the territory of the state. In a monarchial state, he is often called a subject. An alien/foreigner, on
the other hand, is a citizen of a country who is residing or passing through another country.
Dual citizenship is the possession of two citizens' original citizenship of an
individual, that of his original citizenship and that of the country where he became naturalized
while dual allegiance is the continued allegiance of naturalized nationals to their mother country
even after they have acquired Filipino citizenship. It is declared inimical to the national interest.
SUFFRAGE
Suffrages the right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in the elevation of certain
national and local officers of the government and the decision of public questions submitted to the
people.
Nature of Suffrage
It is a mere privilege and should be granted to individuals only upon the fulfillment of
certain minimum conditions deemed essential for the welfare of society
Scope of Suffrage
1. Election. It is how the people choose their officials for definite and fixed periods.
2. A plebiscite is a name given to a vote of the people expressing their choice for or against a
proposed law. Likewise, it is used to secure the approval of the people directly affected
before certain proposed changes affecting local government units may be implemented.
3. Referendum. it is the submission of law or part passed by the national or local legislative
body to the voting citizens of a country for their ratification or rejection.
4. Initiative. It is the process whereby the people directly propose and enact laws.
5. Recall. It is a method by which a public officer may be removed from office during his tenure
or before the expiration of his term by a vote of the people.
(https://www.slideshare.net/KeytBLUE20/article-4-and-article-5)
Qualification of Voters
1. Citizen of the Philippines;
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law;
3. At least 18 years of age; and
4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place wherein he
proposes to vote at for at least six (6) months preceding the election.
(http://dotr.gov.ph/images/front/GAD/issuances/1987constitution.pdf )
Persons disqualified to vote

1. Any person sentenced by final judgment for not less than 1 year, such disability not having
been removed by plenary pardon or granted amnesty. But such a person shall automatically
regain his right to vote upon expiration of five (5) years after service of sentence.
2. Any person sentenced by final judgment for crimes involving disloyalty such as rebellion,
sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and firearms laws, or any crime against national
security. Such a person shall automatically regain his right to vote upon expiration of five
(5) years after service of sentence.
3. An insane or incompetent person as declared by a competent authority.
(https://edoc.pub/81011330-textbook-on-the-philippine-constitution-1pdf-4-pdf-free.html )
ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

The Constitution states that “Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees
must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity,
loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.”
(http://dotr.gov.ph/images/front/GAD/issuances/1987constitution.pdf)
The constitutional provision sets down in unequivocal terms the mandate that
all government officials and employees whether they be the highest in the land or
the lowliest public servants shall at all times be answerable for their misconduct to the
people from whom the government derives its powers.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7aokkp9/standards-of-conduct-demanded-from-judges-are-
designed-to-promote-public/)
Mechanism of Accountability
Impeachment is a method of national inquest into the conduct of public men. It is
essentially like criminal prosecution before a quasi-political court instituted by a written accusation
called articles of impeachment upon a charge of the commission of the crime or some official
misconduct or neglect.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p66s22ng/IMPEACHMENT-1-IMPEACHMENT-DEFINED-
Impeachment-is-a-method-of-national-inquest/)
Impeachable Officials
1. The President and Vice President
2. Members of the Supreme Court
3. Members of the Constitutional Commission
4. Ombudsman
All other public officers not mentioned may be removed from office as provided by law but not by
impeachment.
Ground for Impeachment
1. Culpable violation of the constitution
2. Treason – the act of betraying one’s country
3. Bribery – giving of a bribe
4. Graft and Corruption
5. Other high crimes
OBLIGATIONS OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN AS PROVIDED IN THE 1987 PHILIPPINE

CONSTITUTION
1. To be loyal to the Republic
2. To love and defend the country
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the state
4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws
5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities
6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others
7. To engage in gainful work
8. To register and vote
References:
Book:
Online Resources:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/patriotism-vs-nationalism
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-
philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-v/#:~:text=Suffrage
%20may%20be%20exercised%20by,months%20immediately%20preceding%20the%20election.
philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iv/
http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
https://correctphilippines.org/wiki/proposed-philippine-constitution/article-4-bill-of-
duties/
https://www.slideshare.net/maria_teresa23/filipino-citizens-and-their-rights?
next_slideshow=1
https://blog.ivolunteer.com.ph/2010/06/30/strengthening-volunteerism-through-the-
volunteer-act-of-2007-republic-act-9418/
https://www.studymode.com/essays/Filipino-Pride-Lite-Version-64473769.html
https://wwwesiscar.blogspot.com/2010/09/philippine-nationalism-and-patriotism.html
https://www.slideshare.net/100000861051472/patriotism-and-nationalism
https://filipinolawgroup.com/dual-citizenship-philippines/
https://edoc.pub/81011330-textbook-on-the-philippine-constitution-1pdf-4-pdf-free.html
http://dotr.gov.ph/images/front/GAD/issuances/1987constitution.pdf
Assessing Learning
1. Explain, the Philippines as a Republican and democratic state.

2. What is the difference between nationalism and patriotism?
3. What are your obligations as a citizen under the 1987 Philippine Constitution?
4. As student how can you contribute in nation-building?
5. In this difficult time brought by pandemic, how do you defined bayanihan and how can you
practice or share such spirit of bayanihan as student.
UNIT III.
DRUG EDUCATION
Overview
This unit gives you an idea of the importance of Drug Education and Human rights. This unit
gives you the idea of the causes and effects of drug addiction.
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the nature and effects of drug abuse and substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and others
in personal health and social relationship.
2. Distinguish accurate information on the health, legal, and social consequences of drugs and
substance abuse and examine how this negatively impacts the person who uses the drug, and his or
her family, friends and community.
3. Make a personal commitment to remain drug-free and develop a plan to address drug and
substance abuse
Setting Up
Name: ______________________________
Course/Year and Section: ______________
1.Is there a need for separate court to hear drug related cases?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson Proper
DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
Definition and Concept
DRUG - is any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional, and behavioral changes
when used.
DRUG ABUSE - is the continuous misuse of any substance, licit, illicit which results in changes in an
individual’s physical, mental, or behavioral condition.
DRUG ADDICTION - The state of chronic intoxication caused by repeated and improper
consumption of any regulated or prohibited substance.
It is characterized by:
b. An overpowering desire to take the substance.
c. A tendency to increase the dosage.
d. The psychological and physical dependence on the substance.
DRUG DEPENDENCE - The state of an uncontrollable drive to take a particular substance to achieve
physical and psychological stability following a continuous but improper use of the same substance.
DRUG TOLERANCE - A condition in which the body builds up a resistance to the effects of a drug so
that larger quantities are needed to obtain the same effect. An uncontrolled increase in the amount
of substance taken may lead to an overdose which can result in death.
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME - The condition in which the user becomes uncomfortable and very
irritable as an aftereffect of the drug taken. In this stage, the user tends to lose control of himself
and become hysterical or violent.
WHY DO PEOPLE TURN TO DRUGS?
 Peer pressure
 Curiosity
 Adventure
 Feel good
 Escape from reality
 Easy access to drugs
HISTORY AND COMMONLYABUSED DRUGS IN THE PHILIPPINES
A. PRE-MARTIAL LAW ERA
a. Hallucinogens – drugs which affect sensation, thinking and emotion
Example: Marijuana, Hashish, LSD
b. Sedatives – drugs which reduces anxiety and excitement

Example: Barbiturates, Tranquilizers, Alcohol
c. Narcotics – drugs that relieve pain and induce sleep
Example: Opium and derivatives like Heroin, Morphine, Codeine
B. MARTIAL LAW ERA
a. Cough Syrups – with narcotic and non-narcotic cough suppressants
Example: Corex, Endotussin, Robitussin AC, etc.
b. Inhalants – chemicals used by manufacturing industries
Example: Rugby, Glue, Thinner
C. AFTER EDSA REVOLUTION
a. Stimulants – drugs which increase alertness
Example: Amphetamine, Derivatives, Cocaine
HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A PERSON IS ON DRUGS?
Changes in…
1. Appearance
2. Mood
3. Behavior
4. Interest
ILL EFFECTS OF DRUGS
These are several effects of drugs:
A. MENTAL HEALTH/PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
a. Disturbance in Perception – auditory and visual hallucination

b. Disturbance in Orientation – paranoia, psychosis
c. Disturbance in Memory
d. Disturbance in Judgement – a depression that may lead to suicide
B. PHYSICAL HEALTH/PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
a. Systemic
1. Cardiac (HEART) Pathology – irregularity of heartbeat, elevated or lowered blood
pressure, chest pain, convulsions or death from cardiac arrest
2. Pulmonary (LUNG) Illnesses
3. Hepatic (LIVER) Problems
4. Renal (KIDNEY) Diseases
b. General Health
 Malnutrition or weight loss
 Infections
 Accidents
 Blood Transmitted Disease
C. BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS
Substance seeking behavior can lead to various criminal and anti-social acts.
COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE
The following are the profile of a drug dependent or a substance abuser:
 Changes in attendance in school or work

 Changes in the usual capabilities in school/work
 Abrupt changes in overall attitude
 Generally lazy, irritable, discourteous, aggressive
 Usually untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence
 Manipulative
 Have a distorted view of reality
 Low frustration tolerance
 Con-game player
 Lacks interest in his/her studies/work (withdrawal from responsibilities)
 Blames everybody but himself (blame tosser)
 No respect for the rights of others
 Prefers to stay with peers (barkada)
 May frequently go to odd places (to take drugs)
 Poor physical appearance (unconcerned with grooming and hygiene)
 Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times
 Unusual effort to cover arms to hide needle marks (long-sleeved garments)
 Stealing items which can be readily sold
 Unexpected borrowing of money from relatives and friends
 Association with known drug abusers
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
Substance abusers can be classified according to the frequency of their substance use.
1. Experimenters – people who abuse the drug(s) for an experimental basis.
2. Occasional Users – abuse the drug occasionally/whenever there are special occasions.
They abuse the drug once in two (2) weeks to twice a week.
3. Regular Users – abuse the drug regularly approximately three (3) to four (4) times a week
or every other day.
4. Drug Dependents – people who tend to abuse the drug(s)every day (almost every day) or
about five (5) to seven (7) times a week.
5. Mentally-ill Chemical Abuser/Substance-Induced Psychosis– drug abusers who
manifest signs and symptom of psychotic disorders caused by the effects of drugs
(hallucinations, disorientation, delusions, etc.)
SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCY AND KEEPING DRUG-FREE
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR DRUG DEPENDENCY?
 Withdrawal symptoms
 Need to take drugs to overcome withdrawal symptoms
 Compulsion
 Tolerance
 Relapse
 Reduced social/occupational act
HOW CAN WE STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS?
 Devote ourselves to our studies and other productive activities at home or in school
 Stay away from people, places, and events that promote drug use
 Learn to manage feelings and cope with stress without using Drugs
 Develop a strong moral and spiritual foundation
 Educate yourself about the effects of drug abuse
 Always say NO
WHAT ARE THE COUNTER-MEASURES FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
CLASSIFICATION MANAGEMENT
Abstainer Preventive Education
Experimenters
Occasional Users Counselling
Regular Users
Drug Dependent Drug Rehabilitation
Mental Ill Chemical Abuser

(Substance-Induced Psychosis) Psychiatric Treatment
GENERAL INFORMATION ON RANDOM DRUG TESTING FOR TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS
1. Is there a legal basis for the conduct of random drug testing for tertiary students?
Article III Section36© of Republic Act No.9165, otherwise known as the
“Comprehensive dangerous Act of 2002”
2. Who is going to be arrested?

Based on the implementing guidelines, random drug testing shall apply to students
in public and private, tertiary/higher education institutions.
3. What agencies are participating in this endeavor?

The three (3) major government agencies participating in the drug testing program
and also called “supervising agencies” in the guidelines, since they supervise the school is the:
 Department of Education (DepEd)
 Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and
 Technical Education Skill Development Authority (TESDA).
4. Do these agencies have to conduct drug testing?

It is not the responsibility of the said three (3) agencies to conduct drug testing, but
they have to coordinate closely with the DOH-Accredited Testing Center/Laboratories that will
do the testing in the schools. The school, through its respective health personnel, shall assist the
Drug Testing Laboratory in the Conduct of Test.
5. What, therefore are the responsibilities of the CHED with regards to the implementation
of this program?
The three (3) major participating agencies shall:
a. Issue an appropriate CHED order informing all schools under their supervision about the
government’s actions against dangerous drugs;
b. Formulate and conduct training programs on drug counseling for guidance counselors to
enhance their skills in handling drug dependency cases.
6. Who shall be the Drug Testing Coordinator?

The Drug Testing Coordinator shall be President/Chief Executive Officer in
Tertiary/higher education institutions.
7. If found to be positive of drugs, the student may be a subject of discrimination among his
schoolmates. How will this concern be prevented?
Nobody will know the results of the drug test except the Drug Testing Coordinator.
The results of the test shall be treated with the utmost confidentiality. No school is allowed to
publish or post results whether the student is positive or negative.
8. If found to be positive of drug dependency, will the students be expelled from the school?
A positive confirmatory drug test shall not be a ground for expulsion or any
disciplinary action against the student. But in event that its determined that the student is a
drug dependent, the school may impose the appropriate sanctions against the student as
provided for in the schools’ Students Handbook of Regulations and the Manual of Regulations
for Private Schools, if the student shall then be allowed to re-enroll.
9. How is the process of rehabilitation done?

It includes after-care and follow-up treatment directed towards the physical,
emotional, psychological, vocational, social and spiritual change/enhancement of a drug
dependent to enable him/her to develop his/her capabilities and potential and render him/her
to become a law-abiding and productive member of the community.
10. Who selects the Drug Counselor of the School and what are his/her tasks?
The Drug Testing Counselor shall designate a Drug Counselor, a person trained in
the techniques of guidance and counseling particularly dealing with cases of drug dependency.
11. If after the counseling period the student shows no sign of improvement, what will be the
next step?
If the student fails the drug test the second time, the DOH-accredited facility or
physician may make a recommendation to the student, parent, and Drug Testing Coordinator to
have the student referred to a DOH-accredited facility suited to the student’s level of
dependency
12. Can it be detected if the students are using drugs for medical treatment purposes and not
for illegal use of the drugs?
Before drug testing, the selected students shall be asked to reveal the prescription
medicines, vitamins, food supplements that they had ingested within the past five (5) days. The
Drug testing Coordination shall keep the list and shall utilize this in the evaluation of the
confirmatory drug test.
13. What if a student selected for the drug testing refuses to undergo such a test? Will he be
penalized for such an act?
Students who refuse to undergo random drug testing shall be dealt with the rules
and regulations of the schools; provided that at no time shall refusal to undergo testing give rise
to the presumption of drug use or dependency, provided further that the school may impose
sanction on such refusal other than the offense of drug abuse of dependency.
14. Who pays for the Drug Test?

The government shoulders the costs of random drug testing of students.
15. Is there a penalty imposed on schools that refuse to implement the drug testing
program?
Schools that refuse to implement the random drug testing program shall be liable
under Section 32 of RA 9165 without prejudice to other administrative sanctions imposed by
the Supervising Agencies. The Supervising Agency shall report the same to the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA) and the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

(RA 9165)
Mission
As the Lead Agency in the enforcement of the anti-drug law, the PDEA:
 Suppresses the supply of dangerous drugs;
 Implements Dangerous Drugs Board policies;
 Controls and regulates the legitimate use of dangerous drug and controlled precursors and
essential chemicals;
 Supervises the anti-drug activities of the drug law enforcement agencies;
 Coordinates the participation of all stakeholders in the anti-drug campaign.
(https://pdea.gov.ph/transparency/8-transparency/89-mission)
These are some of the important provisions in the Republic Act 9165 also known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
 SEC 5 – sale, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution, and transportation of
dangerous drugs
 SEC 6 – maintenance of den, dive or resort
 SEC 11 – possession of dangerous drugs
 SEC 15 – use of dangerous drugs
 SEC 19 – unlawful prescription of dangerous drugs
 SEC 36 – authorized drug testing
 SEC 54 – voluntary submission of a drug dependent to confinement, rehabilitation
 SEC 60 – confidentiality of records under the voluntary submission
 SEC 61 – compulsory confinement of a drug dependent who refuses to apply under the
voluntary submission
References
Deleon, Hector.1987 Philippine Constitution
Online References:
https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights/universal-declaration-of-human-
rights/articles-16-30.html
https://pdea.gov.ph/transparency/8-transparency/89-mission
https://www.slideshare.net/johnver523/social-trends-and-issue-human-rights
https://intensiveenglish2.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/0/6/13061498/
preamblenosummarystatements.docx
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/114698-human-rights-philippines
https://www.livingasequals.com/2019/11/03/what-are-god-given-rights/
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/114698-human-rights-philippines
https://www.intellasia.net/things-to-know-human-rights-in-the-philippines-486128
Assessment of Learning
Activity 3
Identification: Write the correct answer before the number.
_____________1. Is any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional, and behavioral
changes when used.
_____________2. Is the continuous misuse of any substance, licit, illicit which results in changes in an
individual’s physical, mental, or behavioral condition.
_____________3. The state of chronic intoxication caused by repeated and improper consumption of
any regulated or prohibited substance.
_____________4. The state of an uncontrollable drive to take a particular substance to achieve physical
and psychological stability following a continuous but improper use of the same substance.
_____________5. A condition in which the body builds up a resistance to the effects of a drug so that
larger quantities are needed to obtain the same effect. An uncontrolled increase in the amount of
substance taken may lead to an overdose which can result in death.
_____________6. The condition in which the user becomes uncomfortable and very irritable as an
aftereffect of the drug taken. In this stage, the user tends to lose control of himself and become
hysterical or violent.
_____________7. people who abuse the drug(s) for an experimental basis.
_____________8. abuse the drug occasionally/whenever there are special occasions. They abuse the
drug once in two (2) weeks to twice a week.
_____________9. abuse the drug regularly approximately three (3) to four (4) times a week or every
other day.
_____________10. people who tend to abuse the drug(s)every day (almost every day) or about five (5)
to seven (7) times a week.
UNIT IV.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Overview
Many people today are unable to live in dignity as human beings because they cannot
acquire the necessary food, housing, health, sanitation, and education as a result of the
deterioration of the environment. The quality of life of the people cannot advance unless the living
environment is nurtured and valuable natural resources are protected and preserved.
The Constitution is aware of the continuing degradation of the Philippine Environment

which has become a matter of national concern. Consequently, the need for an environmental
protection program to prevent further injury or damage to plant and animal life and property and
more important to protect human life, health, and safety.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, I will be able to:
1. define and expound Environmental Protection and Preservation.
2. understand the Fundamentals of disaster awareness and Risk Reduction
3. appreciate the significance of the National Disaster and Risk Reduction Management Council.
Setting Up
1.In a piece of short bond paper, draw about what happens in our mother earth, and give a
short explanation.
Lesson Proper
Protection of the Environment is a Global Issue
Every nation is duty-bound to protect its place. In the face of drastic disruptions of weather
patterns around the world, global cooperation and efforts are needed to help solve the growing
hazards to the habitability of our planet for all life forms. It is not hard to foresee the kind of
political instability and social disorder that can result from climatic instability. Parenthetically, the
Philippines is located within the typhoon belt and the pacific ring of fire which makes it vulnerable
to seismic and meteorological hazards.
Environment refers to everything that surrounds us. It includes the natural world as well as
the things produced by humans. Ecology is the study of how living things interact and depend on
each other.
The ecosystem is the symbiotic relationship between organisms and species within one
particular area in which each depends on each other to support the continuance of life. It is
composed of the living and non-living components. Ecosystems are found in the various sections of
the natural environment which include: forests, deserts, grasslands, freshwater, marine areas, and
even caves.
Environmental Protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on individual,

organization controlled or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and
humans.
Environmentalism is an ideology that delves into the importance of natural resources. This
ideology speaks on the indispensability of the environment that destruction of the latter would
impede or stop development. Furthermore, the ideology claims that environmental protection is a
must for everyone’s survival. Environmentalism likewise states that environmental protection can
go hand in hand with sustainable development.
Causes of Environmental Degradation

1. Migration
2. Industrial growth
3. Population growth
4. Use of modern technology
5. Natural resources utilization
Climate Change
The build-up of carbon monoxide and other gases creates the phenomenon of the
Greenhouse effect (due to pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation) and the
ozone layer’s depletion pose the danger of warming up or overheating the earth and exposing the
coastal areas to tidal waves with the melting of the polar ice.
The carbon dioxide (also methane, nitrous oxide, perfluocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride),
greenhouse gases released primarily, traps the sun’s heat and prevents it from radiating back into
space. The earth is reacting to the weather changes as seen in the shrinking glaciers, the splitting of
chunks of the Antarctic ice sheet, and the freak weather phenomenon such as El Nino and La Nina.
https://edoc.pub/81011330-textbook-on-the-philippine-constitution-1pdf-4-pdf-free.html
Other Impacts of Climate Change
1. Water scarcity
2. Reduction in food production
3. Disease problems
4. Mass extinction of species.
5. Sea level rise
6. River flooding
Ways of Adapting to the Environment
1. Evolution by Natural Selection. The loss or acquisition of a particular trait including changes in
the genetic characteristics due primarily to the changes in the environment and unequal
survival or reproduction of certain species.
2. Co-Evolution. Two or more species evolve in response to each other
3. Extinction. The irreversible disappearance of a population or species due mostly to the

destruction of natural habitat and the loss of sources of nourishment.
Disaster is a damaging or destructive event that causes serious loss, destruction, hardship,
unhappiness, or death. It consists of the occurrence of the consequences of the event. Disasters
either brought by nature or those that can be attributed to people are everybody’s concern.
Disasters or calamities will happen anytime, anywhere, and will surely strike us irrespective of our
social standing in the society. Its inevitability is clear and can be proven by records showing its
devastating effect on the lives and properties of the people.
Yearly almost all kinds of disasters hit the Philippines as such it discloses the fact that the
Philippines is a high-risk country when it comes to disasters and calamities notwithstanding the
fact the geographical status of the Philippines being located within the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The heart-tearing scenarios after disaster and calamities were the primary reasons for the
necessity of disaster preparedness and awareness. Seeing many people crying and with faces of
uncertainties, hearing stories of hopelessness and desperateness had touched the heart of the
authors and made them realized that they or all of us are with a moral obligation of being aware
and prepared in such catastrophe.
Common Causes of Disasters
1. Flood the rising of water level in a particular area which results from a very high volume of
rainwater and the lack of an efficient drainage system or a relief system that will drain the
excess water.
2. Earthquake an earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the
surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that
creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they
cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. The
seismicity, or seismic activity, of an area, is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes
experienced over some time. The word tremor is also used for non-earthquake seismic
rumbling.
At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or

disrupting the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the
seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger
landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity.
In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether
natural or caused by humans — that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused
mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity,
landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called
its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the
hypocenter.
3. Fire. It involves the destruction of properties and loss of lives due to intense heat brought
about by fire.
4. Civil Unrest and Armed Conflict. These are armed encounters between aggressive, hostile,
and lawless elements.
5. Tropical Cyclone. A storm system that produces strong winds and torrential rain. Cyclones
feed on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor
contained in the moist air.
A storm surge, storm flood or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of
rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems (such as tropical
cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones), the severity of which is affected by the
shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, as well as the timing
of tides. Most casualties during tropical cyclones occur as a result of storm surges. It is a
measure of the rise of water beyond what would be expected by the normal movement
related to tides.
6. Volcanic Eruption. Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which lava, tephra (ash,
lapilli, volcanic bombs, and volcanic blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a
volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are often
named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some
volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity,
while others may display an entire sequence of types all in one eruptive series.
There are three different types of eruptions. The most well-observed are magmatic eruptions,
which involve the decompression of gas within magma that propels it forward.
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are another type of volcanic eruption, driven by the
compression of gas within the magma, the direct opposite of the process powering
magmatic activity. The third eruptive type is the phreatic eruption, which is driven by the
superheating of steam via contact with magma; these eruptive types often exhibit no
magmatic release, instead of causing the granulation of existing rock.
7. Tsunami. A chain of fast-moving huge waves commonly caused by the eruption of

underwater volcanoes, earthquakes, or even the impact of meteorites. A tsunami can assault
coastlines often with little or no warning.
8. Landslide. The term landslide or, less frequently, landslip refers to several forms of mass
wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated
slope failures, mudflows and debris flows. Landslides can occur underwater, in which case
they are called submarine landslides and in coastal and onshore environments. Although
the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, there are other
contributing factors affecting slope stability. Typically, pre-conditional factors build up the
specific surface or sub-surface conditions that make a slope prone to failure, whereas the
actual landslide often requires a trigger before being released.
9. Epidemic. The outbreak of diseases involving a large volume of the population in a certain
area. This unfortunate event may occur from lack of clean water, lack of or inadequate
health services, and the lack of awareness in preventing diseases.
10. Drought. This is a condition in which the soil dries up, commonly caused by intense heat
and the absence of rainfall. Drought makes it difficult for the soil to support the plants and
other living organisms that depend on it.
ABOUT FIRE
Classes of Fire
1. Class A. Originating from ordinary combustible materials which can be extinguished by

cooling commonly with the use of water.
2. Class B. Originating from a flammable and combustible liquid which can be extinguished
by removing the oxygen or fuel. Chemical agents, wet cloth, sand, and soil are usually
used for this class of fire.
3. Class C. Originating from electrically charged or mechanical devices which can only be
extinguished by removing the oxygen or fuel. Dry chemicals, sand soil, and similar
approaches are used to prevent further damage like electrocution.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
1. Arson (Sadyang pagsunog)

2. Playing with fire near flammable or combustible materials
3. Natural phenomenon like lightning and intensely warm climate
4. Smoking near flammable or combustible material or while lying on bed drunk.
5. Defective electrical/cooking devices, flat iron, and other heating materials
6. Explosion due to defective gas tank.
FIRE PREVENTION MEASURES
1. Fire prevention at all times is better than control

2. In case of fire, water or sand can be used to extinguish It.
3. Do not overload the extensions chord.
4. Avoid using substandard electrical materials.
5. Unplug all appliances when not in use.
6. Do not store flammable materials near cooking appliances or heating devices.
7. Do not make a bonfire near flammable or combustible materials.
8. Do not smoke near flammable or combustible materials.
9. Keep matches, lighters, and ignition devices out of children’s reach.
10. Keep a supply of water or fire extinguisher at home.
11. Have a periodic check-up of electrical installation.
12. Check LPG for a leak; keep its tank tightly closed when not in use.
13. Do not play with fire.
14. Keep matches and other flammable materials from children
15. Do not leave a lighted candle or any similar lighting devices unattended.
16. When sensing gas leak, open the windows and wait for several minutes before turning
on the light.
17. Check the condition of electrical appliances and devices regularly.
18. Maintain storage of flammable chemicals outside the house and in a cool place.
19. Do not leave the kitchen while cooking.
20. Be aware. Attend and listen to fire and safety seminars.
WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE
S – Sound the alarm

A – Advise the fire department (local emergency numbers)
F – Fight the fire
E – Evacuate
What Should I Do Before, During, And After An Earthquake?
What to Do Before an Earthquake

• Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight,
and extra batteries at home .
• Learn first aid.
• Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity .
• Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake .
• Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake ).
• Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or floor .
• Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace .
What to Do During an Earthquake
• Stay calm! Stay inside if you are indoors and stay outside if you’re outdoors.
• Stand against a wall near the center of the building or in a doorway, or crawl under a
heavy furniture (a desk or a table) if you are indoors. Take note to stay away from nearby
windows or outside doors.
• Stay away from power lines or buildings (items or objects inside the building or the
building itself might fall on you) or anything that may fall and just stay in the open if you
are outdoors.
• There might be a broken gas line so take care not to use matches, candles or anything that
might cause an open fire.
•If you are inside the car during the earthquake, do not leave the car. Just stop the vehicle,
stay inside and wait for the earthquake to stop.
• Don't use elevators (they'll probably get stuck anyway).
What to Do After an Earthquake
• Check yourself before you check others for injuries. If knowledgeable and you are capable
of moving, provide first aid for anyone who needs it.
• Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. Shut off the valves or source if any of them
were damaged. If you smell gas inside the house, open all windows and doors, and leave
the premises if possible, and report it to the authorities. (borrow someone else’s phone)
• Turn on the radio to keep yourself updated. Unless it’s an emergency, do not use your
phone.
• Keep out of buildings especially damaged ones.
• Take extra care around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep
yourself from cutting your feet
• Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).
• Do not go to beaches if possible. There are still possibilities of tsunamis and seiches even
after the ground stop shaking
• Stay away from damaged areas .
• Follow the emergency plan or the instruction of the person in charge if you are at school
or work or outside of your house.
• Expect aftershocks.
https://virreyexercise5.weebly.com/directive.html
What Should I Do Before, During, And After Typhoon?
Before Typhoon
1. Keep yourself updated. With lots of media platforms, it is almost impossible to not have any
update on the movement and course of the typhoon.
2. Examine and clean up the drainage system of your house. If you notice any clogging, clean
up or remove the thing that is causing the clog. Inspect your house for any damage such as
holes on the roof, damage on the door, windows or leakages on the ceiling. Make certain
that it is fixed as soon as possible
3. Store an ample amount of ready-to-eat foods and water. Make sure that the foods and water
that you will store are adequate for you and your family and will last for a few days. Ready-
to-eat foods such as canned/packed foods are especially helpful when cooking is no longer
feasible.
4. Place your electronic appliances or things that generate electricity on the second or third
floors or any part of the house that is elevated and least likely to be reached by water.
5. If the authorities advised you to evacuate, follow them. These people are more
knowledgeable that you regarding the situation. Stop being hard-headed, at least during the
time of distress.
6. Keep the emergency kits ready at all times. Emergency kits usually include supplies for first
aids, candle, flashlights, live vests, and battery-operated radio.
https://bangayan.weebly.com/what-to-do.html
During typhoon
1. Stay inside your house if there are no advice or notice to evacuate. Keep calm and
postpone or cancel any plans or schedules to travel.
2. Stay posted. Continue to watch or listen to your radio, television or internet and keep
yourself updated on the movement of the typhoon.
3. You better turn off the main source/s of electricity once you noticed any sign of the water
level rising. Keep your appliances and other electric powered items in high areas or in
places where the water will not reach them. Avoid using such tools during the flood.
4. Do not wade or play along the flooded areas. This is to keep yourself from contracting
diseases caught from dirty waters. If unavoidable, make sure to wear protective gears
such as raincoats and boots, to protect yourself. Calmly follow and comply when asked by
the authorities to evacuate.
https://virreyexercise5.weebly.com/directive.html
After the Typhoon
1.Make sure to check the radio, television or the internet (if accessible) to update yourself
regarding the progress of the typhoon.
2. Make sure to heed the advice of the authorities regarding the safety and stability of your
house, most specially if it was heavily damaged. If the authorities are uncertain of the
house's condition, do not go in yet. it your house didn’t take much damage, make sure
that you still have your house inspected and the minor damage still repaired
immediately. Just be vigilant and safe when inspecting your house and avoid the
scattered debris as much as possible.
3. Look out for live wires or any electrical outlet that may have been submerged in water. If
your knowledge on the electrical wirings are not sufficient, ask a knowledgeable person
to check and inspect the wires and appliances before you use it again.
4. Always wear protective gears like boots. Diseases like Leptospirosis and other water-
borne diseases does not only spread during the typhoon but also after. The bacteria that
is causing the disease may still linger in moist soils or scattered debris. Once the bacteria
come into contact with your open wound, the chances of contracting the disease is
increased.
5. Before drinking, boil the water first to make sure they aren’t contaminated.
6. Clean up. Dispose of things that may be a ground for mosquitoes to breed. Such pieces of
stuff may include tires, cans, or pots.
https://bangayan.weebly.com/what-to-do.html
CRIME PREVENTION
Crime is the commission or omission, by a person having capacity, of any act, which is either
prohibited or compelled by law, and the commission of which is punishable by a proceeding,
brought in the name of the government whose law has been violated.
Crime prevention is an act to be done so that a crime could not happen.
Crime prevention measures
1. Avoid walking alone especially at night.

2. Don’t accept rides from strangers and be aware when talking with them.
3. Have your keys ready so that you can open your house/car door.
4. Carry a whistle in your hand which is ready to use when sensing trouble to catch attention.
5. When arriving home by taxi, tricycle especially during night requests the driver to wait
until you have entered your house.
6. Don’t display money or credit cards.
References:
Manalang Annie C. Citizenship consciousness and involvement of the OSUCE undergraduate
students in civic and public Affairs During the Academic year, 1984-1985 PSU-CE Pangasinan
Martires, Concepcion R., and Galileo, S Fule, Management of Human behavior in Organizations,
National Bookstore, Phil,1993
http:/www.Human rights education project human rights concepts ideas and for a part the concept
of human rights
Editors note: In celebration of the Philippine 117 th Independence Day, Inquirer net is publishing
short essays submitted by our readers, Inquirer .net 12, June 2015
Bureau of Non- Formal Education, Department of Education

Assessing Learning
Activity 4
Name: _______________________________ Student Number: ________

Facilitator: ____________________________ Year. & Section: ________
I. IDENTIFICATION
___________1. Everything that surrounds us. It includes the natural world as well as the things
produced by humans.
___________2. The study of how living things interact and depend on each other.
___________3. The symbiotic relationship between organisms and species within one particular
area in which each depends on each other to support the continuance of life. It is
composed of the living and non-living components. Ecosystems are found in the
various sections of the natural environment which include: forests, deserts,
grasslands, freshwater, marine areas, and even caves.
___________4. The practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organization
controlled or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and
humans.
___________5. The ideology that focuses on the importance of natural resources. It advocated
the need for man to live in harmony with nature to prevent the life-sustaining
environment it encourages individuals to change the lifestyle that I disruptive of
the natural functioning of mother nature and to adopt programs and measures
for protecting the environment and pursue a development program that is
sustainable and environmentally friendly.
___________6. The destruction of environment.
___________7. the commission or omission, by a person having capacity, of any act, which is
either prohibited or compelled by law, and the commission of which is
punishable by a proceeding brought in the name of the government whose law
has been violated.
___________8. an act to be done in order that a crime could not happen.
___________9. The outbreak of diseases involving a large volume of the population in a certain
area. This unfortunate event may occur from lack of clean water, lack of or
inadequate health services, and the lack of awareness in preventing diseases.
__________10. This is a condition in which the soil dries up, commonly caused by intense heat
and the absence of rainfall. Drought makes it difficult for the soil to support the
plants and other living organisms that depend on it.
II. ENUMERATION
1. What are the Philippine laws enacted for the protection of the environment? Cite as many as you
can and be ready to share it in class.
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2. Research and make a brief discussion on how are you going to prevent other common causes of
disaster which are not thoroughly discuss on this chapter.
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4. What are the causes, symptoms, treatment prevention of the following diseases?
1. Leptospirosis, Dengue, Rabbis, HIV, Tuberculosis, hepatitis, SARS, and Birds flu.
UNIT V
OTHER NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS
Overview
The National Security Policy is a statement of principles that should guide national decision-
making and determine courses of action to be taken in order to attain the state or condition
wherein the national interests, the well-being of our people and institutions, and our sovereignty
and territorial integrity are protected and enhanced. The purpose of the National Security Policy is
to identify the strategic priorities to establish the correct balance in the “guns or butter” debate for
the allocation of scarce resources; and to establish the prioritization, among others, between
external and internal defense.
Learning Objectives
1. At the end of the lesson I will be able to understand what National Security means.
2. Identify the importance of National Security in the Philippines.
3. Enumerate and understand the elements of National Security.
Setting Up
Name:
Course/Section:
1. What is your understanding about National Security?
2. In your point of view, can you give some example how to achieve National Security.
Lesson Proper
The National Security Policy lays down the fundamental and comprehensive framework on
inter-related issues and concerns that may impinge on national security. This comprehensive
national security policy shall provide general guidelines for revisiting, enhancing, and formulating
our related national policies. The formulation of the National Security Policy is a task that is
reposed in the President. As Head-of-State, Head-of-Government, and Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines, the President is primarily responsible for the management of our
national security and the decision making attendant thereto.
The National Security Policy focuses on four key elements namely: (1) Governance; (2) Delivery of
Basic Services; (3) Economic Reconstruction and Sustainable Development; (4) Security Sector
Reform.
“Our quest must not only focus on ensuring stability of the State and the security of our nation. Our
ultimate goal must be the safety and well-being of our people.”
Senator Benigno S. Aquino III
Peace and Security Forum
II. FOUNDATIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
A. Constitutional Mandate
The fundamental mandate of the National Security Policy is to serve the national interests of the
Philippines. Relevant constitutional provisions assert and define various aspects of thenational
security agenda which are aimed at upholding and promoting peace, prosperity, freedom and
democracy, consistent with the values enshrined in the
Constitution, to wit:
 Pursuit of an independent foreign policy based on national sovereignty and national interest.
 Definition of national territory consistent with new international covenants.
 Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.
 Freedom from nuclear weapons.
 Right to self-determination.
 Civilian supremacy over military.
 Concept of a citizen army.
 Role of the armed forces as protector of the people and the State.
“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society and establish a government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote
the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity
the blessings of independence and democracy, under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality and peace …” Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
B. Elements of National Security
There are seven elements of our national security that amplify the national interests. All of these
elements consider the psycho-social aspects of national security such as people’s perceptions or
beliefs, social norms, and character that affect the appreciation of government’s policies and
programs. These are:
Socio-Political Stability
It is to achieve peace and harmony among all Filipinos, regardless of creed, ethnic origin, and social
status. The government and the people must engage in nation-building under the rule of law,
constitutional democracy, and the full respect for human rights. At the same time, the government
is accountable to the people and as such, must ensure sociopolitical stability through good
governance by focusing on its purpose and outcomes for its citizenry and performing efficiently and
effectively in clearly defined roles and functions.
Territorial Integrity
This means that the territory of the country is intact and under the effective control of the
government. It is to ensure the permanent inviolability of our national territory and its effective
control by the Government and the State. This includes the preservation of our Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) and its protection from illegal incursions and resource exploitation. It is this geographic
fact that the national interest is enhanced whereby, the land territories as well as bodies of water
within our Philippine maritime jurisdiction are effectively secured.
Economic Solidarity
It is to collectively pursue and build the economy to be strong, capable of supporting national
endeavors, and derives its strength from the solidarity of our people who have an organic stake in it
through participation and ownership. This is the core interest of the national vision to ensure that
Filipinos become stakeholders in economic and business enterprises so that they will collectively
defend, protect, and improve the economic system for themselves and the future generations of
Filipinos.
Ecological Balance
The national survival rests upon the effective conservation of our natural environment in the face of
industrial and agricultural expansion and population growth. This dimension of national security
seeks to support development that is environmentally sustainable for the benefit of the nation and
the people who depend on it. As the country sustains its economic growth, there is a clear
indication that the ecological balance is being threatened by natural calamities and other man-
made destructive activities. The environment, with its life support systems, is in a position to
sustain and secure development for the benefit both of the present and future Filipino generations.
Ecological balance is a shared responsibility of all Filipinos, as individuals, families, and
communities.
Cultural Cohesiveness
This element implies that the Filipinos have shown their collective sense of value to the principles
of freedom and human dignity of a person. These inherent manifestations of the Filipino values
have been shown when our forebears had fought for our freedom against their colonizers,
authoritarian rulers and oppressive powers as exemplified by the resistance of LapuLapu, Jose
Rizal, Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio and Jose Abad Santos. The most recent manifestations of
this value were the martyrdom of Senator Benigno Aquino and the courageous heroism
demonstrated by his wife, Corazon Aquino in the struggle to restore democracy. This also means
that our people is imbued by a common set of values and beliefs handed down by their forebears on
moral and ethical standards, drawn from our traditions and cultural heritage, embodying a Filipino
identity transcending socio-economic, religious, ethnic, and linguistic differences.
Moral-Spiritual Consensus
The Filipino people must be propelled by the national vision inspired and manifested in words and
deeds, by patriotism, national pride and the advancement of our national goals and interests. The
primordial element for our national survival is national unity, where the people have become proud
of their country, their culture and tradition, and their history. Consequently, there is moral and
spiritual consensus among the Filipinos on the wisdom and righteousness of our shared national
vision, as enunciated by the President. This shared vision inspires and motivates the citizens to get
involved and participate vigorously in the programs that promote the country’s security and
development goals and objectives.
Peace and Harmony
The Philippines as a democratic country is committed to world peace and the preservation of world
order. National security is engendered and sustained through harmonious relations with our
neighbors and allies. For this purpose, it is for the enduring interest of the country to forge
harmonious engagement and relationship with other nations starting with the member-countries of
the ASEAN. The country and people must pursue constructive and cordial relations with all nations
and peoples, and are free from any control, interference or threat of aggression from any of them.
C. Social Contract with the Filipino People
The National Security Policy objectives are anchored on the Social Contract with the Filipino People
of President Benigno S. Aquino III, whose 16-point agenda commits to deliver the following:
(1) A commitment to transformational leadership;
(2) A government that prioritizes jobs that empower the people and provide them with
opportunities to rise above poverty;
(3) Making education the central strategy for investing in our people, reducing poverty, and
building national competitiveness;
(4) Recognizing the advancement and protection of public health, which includes responsible
parenthood, as key measures of good governance;
(5) A truly impartial system of institutions that deliver equal justice to rich and poor;
(6) A leadership that executes all the laws of the land with impartiality and decisiveness;
(7) Achieving food security and more equitable economic growth, worthy of re-investment for
sustained productivity;
(8) Well-considered programs that build capacity and create opportunities among the poor and the
marginalized in the country;
(9) A government that creates conditions conducive to growth and competitiveness of private
businesses, big, medium and small;
(10) A government that creates jobs at home, so that working abroad will be a choice rather than a
necessity; and when its citizens do choose to become OFWs, their welfare and protection will still
be the government’s priority;
(11) Discerning selection based on integrity, competence and performance in serving the public
good;
(12) Professional, motivated, and energized bureaucracies with adequate means to perform their
public service missions;
(13) Promotion of equal gender opportunity in all spheres of public policies and programs;
(14) A broadly-supported just peace that will redress decades of neglect of the Moro and other
peoples of Mindanao;
(15) Planning alternative, inclusive urban developments where people of varying levels are
integrated in productive, healthy and safe communities; and
(16) A government that will encourage sustainable use of resources to benefit present and future
generations.
Reference:
https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/156790/Philippines%202011-2016.pdf
Assessing Learning
Name:
Course/ Section:
Answer the questions
1. What can you say about the National Security in the Philippines?
2. What are the elements of the National Security and give an example of each elements.
UNIT VI.
SELF AND FILIPINO SOCIETY
Overview
This unit introduces you to different perspectives regarding a human person. This unit also
gives you an idea about the characteristics of Filipino values and what makes Filipinos different
from other nationalities.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the unit, I can:
1.Define a person, its characteristics, essence and the stages of development of a person;
2.Define and expound on the nature of values;
3.Cite the four core values of good citizenship including their sub-values; and
4.Apply the concepts discussed to the different real-life situations.
Setting Up
Name: __________________________________________________
In a separate piece of paper, answer the following:
1. What do you think makes us human?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. As Filipinos, what do you think males us different from other nationalities?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson Proper
THE HUMAN PERSON: OVERVIEW
“Madaling maging tao, mahirap magpakatao” is a statement that requires an in-depth
discussion. To be a human person requires beyond being a biological man, a Human being is a
person but not per se a human person that can create a positive result towards society.
As far as ancient times, the question of how to be a human person had been consistently
raised and evaluated. Using a wide range of theories and observations, brilliant psychologists,
philosophers, theologians, and even natural scientists had written and made an in-depth analysis
on the matter of human nature.
Man is not simply defined using the dictionary. This viewpoint aims to revisit and challenge
our perception of human nature; and the possibility of achieving a productive society through the
actualization of a person’s highest potential.
THE HUMAN PERSON: Revisited

A human person is a combination of - physical, spiritual, emotional, and intellectual
attributes. There are several definitions of a human person based on different perspectives:
Aristotle and Boethius, philosophers, described the humans as a rational being. As a rational
or thinking being, a person can know, reason out, and apply what he knows. On the other hand,
Socrates maintains that man is a being who thinks and wills.
A substance of physical and spiritual is how the theologians describe a human person.
Spiritual in nature because man has a soul and is created by a Superior Being with divine purpose.
Physical in nature, because a person is created with body and faculty that correspond to his/her
relationship with society.
In dictionaries, they define a human person as a living, self-conscious animal, or a thing.
(https://graduateway.com/nstp-module/)
WHO AM I?
Let us re-evaluate and understand the characteristic of a person in order to fully understand
the meaning of a person:
Characteristics of a person
Eddie Babor discussed in his/her book “The Human Person, Not Real But Existing” that a
human person has several characteristics, among which are the following:
1. Rational – Every person is a rational being. This is characteristic is what differentiates us
humans from all other beings in the world. Also, as a rational being, a person has the liberty
to do what they want, to think and to reason. They can decide which is right and which is
wrong because they are intellectual being
2. Unique – every person is unique in their own way. Each person has their own identity; thus,
we can say that no two persons are the same. Generally speaking, human beings have the
same or similar characteristics and physical features, but no two persons are the same
because each of them have different opinions, perceptions, set of values and priorities in
life.
3. Free - All human beings are born free. They are free to do or not to do specific action.
However, every person must be responsible for his/her action. In other words, a person can
do whatever he/she pleased but not to the extent of harming his/her co-creatures.
4. Social being – Every person is intrinsically a social being. He/she cannot detach his/her
“being “from others and all other creatures in the universe. Human nature is characterized
by their togetherness and relationship towards other creatures; be it a thing, object, or their
fellowman.
5. Sexual – All created living things are sexual but the uniqueness of expression of a person’s
sexuality makes it all different. The person’s expression of emotions, attitudes, feelings,
actions, and thoughts in a sexual activity best exemplify their uniqueness from animals.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/baliuag-university/bs-industrial-engineering/
lecture-notes/lesson-2-lecture-notes-1-2/5537765/view)
The characteristics and their definitions above reveal that a human person is the ultimate
expression of the Supreme Being that has the freedom, the capacity and ability to reason, reflect
and relate to their co-existence
Core and Related Values
DIMENSION VALUES
PHYSICAL Health – Physical Fitness, cleanliness, harmony with the

material universe, beauty, and art
INTELLECTUAL Truth –Knowledge, creative and critical thinking

AS SELF
MORAL Love –Integrity/honesty, self-worth/self-esteem, personal

discipline
SPIRITUAL Spirituality –Faith in God
SOCIAL Social Responsibility –Mutual Love/respect, fidelity,

HUMAN PERSON
responsible parenthood, concern for others/common

Family
good, freedom/equality, social justice/respect for human
Society rights, peace/active non-violence, popular participation
INCOMMUNITY
ECONOMIC Economic Efficiency –Thrift/conservation of resources,

work ethics, self-reliance, productivity, scientific and
technological knowledge, vocational efficiency,
entrepreneurship
POLITICAL Nationalism – Common identity, national unity, the esteem

of national heroes, commitment, civic
consciousness/pride, “Bayanihan”/solidarity, loyal to the
country
Global Solidarity –International understanding and
cooperation
** Source: Values Integration and Promotion: A Civic Welfare Service Core and Related Value
The Essence of a Person
By understanding the character and definition of a person, the next question would be “how
are we going to maximize these characteristics to be able to create a positive result?”
There are similar guiding principles in realizing a person’s competence and ability. The
person as a whole is best explored in the field of humanistic psychology. This study theorized that a
person’s behavior and relationship with others is shaped by his/her inner feelings and self-image.
The theory of Abraham Maslow is one of the foundations of humanistic psychology. His
theory on hierarchy of needs is as illustrated below
SELF-
ACTUA
LIZATI
ON
Pursue
Inner
Talent
Creativ
ity
SelfFulfill
Esteem
ment Mastery
Achievement
Recognition Respect
Belonging - Love
Friends Family Spouse
Lover
Safety
Security Stability Freedom from fear
Physiological
Food Water Shelter Warmth
The hierarchy of needs has five levels, namely:

1. Physiological Level – These are biological needs such as food, water, and clothing. These are
the most important needs because once person is deprived of these, a person will ultimately
find a way to fulfill the satisfaction of this need.
2. Safety – When physiological needs are met, the person transcends in finding security and
protection from physical and emotional harm
3. Social and Belongingness – When the needs for physiological and safety had been satisfied,
the desire for affection, belonging, friendship can become active. Maslow states that people
seek to overcome the feeling of loneliness and alienation.
4. Esteem - there are two esteem needs: (1) The self-esteem that includes achievement,
mastery, confidence, and (2) the esteem the person gets from others which include
recognition, respect, attention, etc. the person feels self-confident. They feel valuable when
these needs are satisfied. On the other hand, the person may feel inferior, weak, helpless
and worthless when these needs are not met.
5. Self-Actualization – It is the highest form of motivation. This need was described by Maslow
as the need to reach the person’s peak potential
As discussed above, Maslow’s theory pointed out that a person must satisfy the first other lower
needs before he can realize his/herself-worth and potential. Accordingly, when lower needs are
unmet, the person cannot fully devote himself to fulfilling his/her potentials (Boeree;1988). He
theorized that the driving force of human personality is their own self-actualization. Thus, a person
cannot appreciate intellectual and aesthetic learning when the person is hungry, and his/her safety
is difficult to obtain. “Artistic and scientific endeavors do not flourish in a society where people
must struggle for food, shelter, and safety. The highest motive- self-actualization – can only be
fulfilled after all other needs are fulfilled”.
Following Maslow’s theory, Carl Rogers, (1902-1987) person-centered therapy theory, believed
that every person has within him an inherent desire towards a positive transformation and
development of his/her capacity. Furthermore, he came to believe that man is good and inherently
possesses a seed of goodness no matter how imprudent his/her actions are.
The theory of person-centered therapy of Carl Rogers explained that persons themselves are
the only ones able to change the direction of their lives and which path to take. The therapist’s role
is to act as a “sounding board” while the person himself explores and analyzes his/her problem
(Intro to Psych 10th ed. By Atkinson, Smith, Bem, p. 523)
Following the view of Roger’s theory, the writer of this article personally believes that the
therapist being referred to should not be restricted to psychologists only, but must also be
identified with the person’s environment and the people surrounding him. In other words, the role
of our society should be a “sounding board” of our reflections in life to be able for the individual to
realize his/ her problem and create his/her solutions for it. It is the individual who will eventually
direct his/her own life and not the people around him.
IN A NUTSHELL
The definition and characteristics of a person, the presumptions of Carl Rogers, Abraham
Maslow, and Erik Erikson that have been analyzed are simply guiding principles and motivations to
better understand ourselves and examine out potentials. As JFT Bugental pointed out, “man’s life
has greater possibilities but not realized”. In other words, a lot of opportunities await each person
and that they are blind enough not to take notice of said opportunities
As discussed previously, the person himself is the best qualified in changing and directing
his/her life. He has always been given an alternative to whether to do or not to do an act but this
action should be accompanied by responsibility.
Being human, our dealing, regardless of whether it is positive or not, does not negate our
value as a person. Self-actualized persons allow their innate positive values to transform further
and realize that by understanding his/herself is the best way he can effectively relate to others.
Furthermore, every person must be guided by the understanding that he exists in this world
achieving his/her temporary assignments. Each person should start now by utilizing his/her gifts
and talents in obtaining his/her goals to positively transform and help others realize their worth as
a person. They must make full use of it and fulfill the greatest challenge that the Supreme Being has
given them.
THE FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEM
What are values?
Before probing into the discussion of values – Filipino values, in particular – it is worth
looking into the word itself. The word “value” was derived from the Latin word “valere” which
means to be strong and vigorous. This proceeds from the premise that a human person has to have
strength or valor in every endeavor. It is the basis on which his/her strength in facing the
challenges of life should be directed.
Dr. Tomas Q. D. Andres (1989) would define values as “things, persons, ideas or goals which
are important to life; anything which enables life to be understood, evaluated, and directed.”
On the other hand, Edgar Sheffield Brightman defines value as “whatever is liked, prized,
esteemed, desired, approved, or enjoyed by anyone at any time. It is the experience of enjoying a
desired object or activity. Hence, value is an existing realization of desire.”
Collectively, the values of society would be the standards or principles for which an act is
judged to be what is right or wrong, correct, or incorrect. As such, this is the standard set for each
member of the community as to what is desirable. In other words, values in society give meaning
and direction to every individual’s life and influence his/her human behavior.
Based on these definitions, we can say that values are those which are considered by the
society as desirable and important and have attained the status as the moral impetus for every
action done by each member, it is geared towards the desired end or goal.
What are Filipino Values?
Significantly, Filipino Values are the standards or principle that was set by the Filipino
society which is the basis for what is right or wrong, the standards or principles that every member
of the Filipino society should strive to attain to reach the ultimate realization of their life, regarding
their person and about their family and society in general.
The following are some examples of the best Filipino values:

1. Pagkamaka-Diyos
 Faith in the almighty
 Respect for life
 Order
 Work
 Family-oriented
2. Pagkamaka-Tao
 Love
 Freedom
 Peace
 Truth
 Justice
3. Pagkamaka-Bansa
 Patriotism
 Unity
 Respect for law and government
 Equality
 Equity
 Promotion of the common good
4. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
 Respect for the environment
 Care of creation
 Balance of ecology
Significance of Studying Filipinovalues
Several studies have been made on Filipino Values. A lot of researchers have always been
interested in examining the Filipino Values because it influences a Filipino’s behavior in particular,
and shaping the Philippine Society in general. How Filipinos feel and motivated to do a specific task
is directed and evaluated by his/her set of values. One has to understand the underlying values on
which every Filipino act to understand the Filipino culture and the development of the Filipino
individual. Thus, a study on Filipino values would provide us a deeper understanding of Filipino
culture.
The shaping of the Philippine society into a successful and progressive nation would depend
on understanding and appreciating the positive side of Filipino values and how they are applied to
attain such a goal. Thus, it is imperative that a full understanding and appreciation of the positive
side of our very own principles be made and used for our personal and national success.
In this unit, our main goal would be to help you understand our Filipino values. This will
enable us to make use of the positive side and disregard or change our negative ones. Thus, in the
end, through the development and use of positive Filipino values, we may bring out the best in the
Filipino Society in general and the individual in particular.
Understanding Filipino Values and Culture
The lifestyle and values being practiced in the Filipino society is a mixture of a variety of
races. Among those who influenced the Filipino culture and values are our ancestors - the Malays
and Indones, our colonists – the Spaniards and the Americans, and nationals of other countries who
have dealt with the Philippine society through trade – the Chinese and the Indians. This results in a
mixture of influences, which are conflicting sometimes, is uniquely Filipino.
The rich Christian values of Europe, the pragmatic and democratic values of America, and
the spiritual values of Asia blend together make the most dominant of the Filipino values.
Family is considered to be the basic unit of the Filipino society. Family is where the values
and principles are nurtured and imbibed to each member. The tradition of close family ties has long
been practiced and considered as the foundation of the Philippine society. So much is the effect of
this tradition that the members of the constitutional commission of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution deemed it proper to include it as a State policy and a chapter of the fundamental law of
the land. Thus, Article XV, Section 1 of the said constitution provides that “The State recognizes the
Filipino family as the foundation of the nation.”
It is in the family that the Filipino individual is introduced to the concept of structure and
hierarchy of power. He is always reminded to submit to the authoritarian familial set-up, where
roles are prescribed especially for younger members of the family.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p13s4l25/Several-studies-have-been-made-on-Filipino-Values-
They-have-always-been/)
The Filipino family is structured in a way that autocratic leadership rests on the elder
members, where the young submit themselves to the decision of family elders. He is indoctrinated
with the tradition of the primacy of the emotional economic, and moral support is the family.
The Filipino individual identifies himself with his/her family. Right from childhood, he is
made to believe that he belongs to the family. The Filipino individual is always encouraged to get
advice from his/her parents and submit to his/her parents’ direction, counsel, and advice. He is
admonished to be good because any disgrace that he commits is a disgrace to the family, in times of
misfortune, he is assured of his/her family’s support, sympathy and love.
Thus, Filipino society, in contrast with Western societies, prefers a rather “structured” way
of life, and not where he can be assertive of his/her individuality.
However, the modern era is catching up with the Filipino society. Changes must occur if the
Filipino society is to survive in a changing world. The Filipino society will have to keep up with the
changes brought about by modernization. The society must prepare itself for a serious re-
evaluation of its values. In most instances, it will have to break away from its past and adjust itself
towards the future.
FILIPINO CHARACTERISTICS
Every country has its differing values and stereotypes, and the Philippines is no exception.
We Filipinos firmly believe that our country has the best values in the world. Although we have
been colonized by several countries, many core values from our ancestors remained intact and are
still honored to this day. Filipinos are not perfect, but we have great characteristics and qualities
every one of us should be proud of. Below I’ve listed some of the most well-known positive and
negative traits of Filipinos.
Positive Traits
1. Hospitality
Hospitality is one of the well-known characteristics of a Filipino. Foreigners, who come
visit the Philippines, cannot help themselves from falling in love with the warm hospitality
shown to them by the locals. It’s a different kind of value system, which has existed for
thousands of years. Here are some examples of the hospitality that Filipinos show, not only
to foreigners but also to their fellow citizens.
 When visiting a friend’s house, the parents or the host will welcome you with a very
warm welcome. The host will continue to take care of their guest by letting them sit
down or preparing meal or snack. The host will insist on not letting you leave on an
empty stomach. A host will always make sure you had a great time visiting them.
 If the visitor is going to stay the night, the host will prepare the spare room for them.
 Meals offered to guests are very special. A host always finds a way to prepare great-
tasting food that her visitor wants to eat.
(https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/Filipino-Traits-and-Characteristics )
2. Respect
This is often observed by people of all ages, regardless of their age.
 Children respect elders by saying “po” and “opo”, which mean “yes” when answering
their elders.
 Children or young adults also show respect by putting their elders’ hands on their
foreheads
 Filipinos also show respect at work by making a bow to their employers
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/50541157/sikolohiyang-filipinopptx/)
3. Strong Family Ties and Religious

Families are important to Filipinos. It is not rare to keep the family intact for
generations.
 Religion is also important and creates a strong bond marking God as the center of
their lives so they go and pray to church together.
 Families make sure to have quality time together especially after a day’s work. Just
watching television or eating a family meal will be valued and prioritized in
everybody’s schedules.
(http://f2fenglish.org/8193)
4. Generosity and Helpfulness

Filipinos are generous people. We don’t hesitate to help someone in need even when we
don’t have much ourselves.
 During special occasions such as birthdays or “fiestas” –parties when people from
other places visit your home to celebrate with you – there are lots of foods specially
prepared for everyone! Friends, family, friends of friends, and even strangers can
gather and they are always willing to share food and help out.
 Filipinos are always ready to help a neighbor when they are in need.
5. Strong Work Ethic

Yes, we are hardworking people to the point that we are willing to work almost the
whole day just to feed our families. That’s how Filipinos are.
 One example of a hardworking person is a farmer. They earn so little but they still
work very hard for not much compensation.
 Filipinos always find creative ways to earn a living, like creating a small business
from their home where they sell foods or other items for the convenience of their
neighbors.
6. Love and caring

This is so true! Filipinos are the sweetest and most loving people in the world. I’m not
just saying this because I’m a Filipino; if you know us well, you will soon figure this out.
 Men are so sweet and romantic when it comes to love. They will send their beloved
flowers, bring her to a very romantic place, text her sweet quotes, and tell often how
special she is to them.
 Filipino women are also romantic and very caring which often makes foreigners
want to marry them. Women tend to prepare dinner before their husband comes
home. They are loving, and value the relationship, always staying faithful to their
husbands. They love deeply and sincerely.
Negative Traits of Filipinos
Here are some of the negative traits which also really represent Filipinos.
 Fatalism/ Bahala na: An attitude of “what goes around comes around” or “come what may”.
We tend to surrender our future to fate. We often accept bad news or circumstances
without trying to stop or change them. This can sometimes be helpful in adversity, but it can
also keep us from finding ways out of situations. Also, constantly expecting the worst can
get pretty depressing.
Filipinos are a religious group of people by nature. They continue to believe in supernatural
beings and in different kinds of spirits dwelling in individual person, places, or things. They believe
in a Supreme Being who will take care of things for them. The Filipino is very religious who has a
saint to pray to each day of the week.
The term bahala na comes from the words Bathala na. It reflects the Filipino’s dependence on
the supernatural being and fate. This tends to move toward the commonly conceived
procrastination character of the Filipino.
 Crab mentality: Is very widespread in politics. People insist on pushing each other down in
order to make way for their gain. Along the election season, we see a lot of politicians
ruining each other. This also happen among regular people. I think it goes to the point of
selfishness.
 Colonial Mentality: Most Filipinos even those in poverty are fond of branded imported items
and they think that anything American or Western made are superior while anything locally
made is inferior. It even extends to the physical appearance and pedigree. Good example:
The Filipino entertainment industry is loaded with mestizos or half-white/half-Filipino
wherein the mestizos get the lead role while the more native-looking actor ends up either in
maid roles or comedian or villains. Also, the prevalence of whitening products and cosmetic
surgeries or procedures designed to change the natural Southeast Asian look of a Filipino/s.
Some characteristic of a Filipino may either be positive or negative

The characteristic that makes a Filipino vary from a different society is his/her uniquely
blended culture and values, for the reason of several influences that shaped its identity, are bipolar
like a coin that has two sides. They may either be positive or negative in polarity. Let us take for
example the value of utang na loob, or debt of gratitude. The value of utang na loob, the altruistic
drawing of interior goodness of a person by returning a debt of gratitude, is by itself positive.
However, when one is coerced to honor a debt of gratitude and return the favor, then it becomes
negative.
Due to this ambivalence of Filipino values, they have the potential of being used for good or
evil. They may either help or hinder personal and national development, depending on how they
are understood or practiced or lived.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1neph4j/The-Filipino-family-is-structured-in-a-way-that-
autocratic-leadership-rests-on/)
In order to shape the Filipino society into a successful and progressive nation, there is a
need to re-evaluate the different values that influence every Filipino individual’s action to a set of
circumstances. We need to identify the positive side of every Filipino value and develop them in
order to yield a more successful and developed society.
Let us then try to discuss some of the values in the Filipino society and re-evaluate them to
develop a more positive value for the Filipino individual.
Utang na Loob
There is no specific translation that can approximate the meaning of this Filipino value of
utang na loob. Debt of gratitude is a lean excuse for a translation because it does not even
approximate the fertile concept of the Filipino value of utang na loob.
Utang na loob is a situation where an individual is required to return a favor or service

received. However, the return of such service or favor cannot be translated into monetary
equivalent and may be reciprocated in a month of service or even a lifetime.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7lsuo1/Utang-na-loob-is-a-situation-where-an-individual-is-required-to-return-
a-favor/)
For example, a congressman proudly “gives” a town a new chapel, a bridge, or a waiting
shed (no matter whether the money came from his/her pocket or the government), this makes the
people indebted to him. And when elections come, he recites the litany of his/her projects and
people “ought” to repay these through their votes. No to repay this form of debt means that those
who were benefited are walang utang na loob. After having been elected the people would
approach this congressman for return of favor by seeking employment from them. Thus, this would
end into a vicious cycle, where the person na pinagkakautangan ng loob becomes the giver and the
giver becomes the person na may utang na loob.
However, utang na loob may be interpreted in a positive outlook. If it is used with the
concept of justice, truth, and human dignity, it would reflect the beautiful aspect of the Filipino
character. Thus, this altruistic feeling must voluntarily come from within the person himself, kusang
loob; and should not be demanded by coercing the person who has utang na loob, so as blind
his/her sense of judgment.
Furthermore, this value should be used discriminately. The pagtatanaw ng utang ng loob
should emerge from within the self of an individual with a sense of justice to repay the person for
the favor or services rendered.
We should always remember that in demanding for the return of indebtedness, the golden
rule “Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you”. By demanding the return of the favor,
would you wish to become indebted in return? And when indebted, would you want that person to
act the same way when they are demanding the return of the favor?
Other Strengths of the Filipino Character
Strengths of the Filipino Results

Character
1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao  Camaraderie and feeling of closeness to one another, the

foundation for unity as well as a sense of social justice
2. Family Oriented The feeling of belongingness and rootedness and a basic sense of
security
3. Joy and Humor Emotional balance, optimism, a healthy disrespect for power and
office and the capacity to survive
4. Flexibility and Productivity, innovation, entrepreneurship, equanimity, and
Adaptability survival
5. Hard work and Industry Productivity and entrepreneurship for some and survival despite
poverty for others
6. Faith and Religiosity Courage, daring, optimism, inner peace, as well as the capacity to
genuinely accept tragedy and death
7. Ability to Survive Bravely live through the harshest economic and social
circumstances
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p5aihrdc/Bahala-na-Filipinos-by-nature-are-a-religious-group-of-
people-They-firmly/)
Other Weaknesses of Filipino Character
Weaknesses of the Results

Filipino Character
1. Extreme Personalism  Leads to graft and corruption

2. Extreme Family  Lack of concern for the common good and acts as the block of
Centeredness national consciousness
3. Lack of Discipline  Inefficient and wasteful work systems, violation of rules leading to
more serious transgressions and casual work ethics leading to
carelessness and lack of follow-through
4. Passivity and Lack of  Easily designed to one’s fate and thus easily oppressed and
Initiative exploited
5. Colonial Mentality  The basic feeling of national inferiority that makes it difficult for
them to relate as equal to Westerners.
6. Kanya-kanya Syndrome  Dampening of cooperative and community spirit and in the
trampling upon the rights of others.
7. Lack of Self-Analysis and  Emphasis on form more than substance
Self-Reflection
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p5aihrdc/Bahala-na-Filipinos-by-nature-are-a-religious-group-of-
people-They-firmly/)
References:
Online References:
https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/Filipino-Traits-and-Characteristics
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p61aghsj/Child-learns-skills-necessary-for-economic-survival-the-
technological-skills/
https://graduateway.com/nstp-module/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p13s4l25/Several-studies-have-been-made-on-Filipino-Values-
They-have-always-been/
https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/Filipino-Traits-and-Characteristics
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1neph4j/The-Filipino-family-is-structured-in-a-way-that-
autocratic-leadership-rests-on/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p5aihrdc/Bahala-na-Filipinos-by-nature-are-a-religious-group-of-
people-They-firmly/
Assessing Learning
Activity 6
I. Identify the following:
__________1. These are biological needs such as food, water and clothing that include achievement,
mastery, confidence and the esteem the person gets from others
__________2. The unbroken determination to exercise free choice as well as self-restraint.
__________3. It means to be strong and vigorous.
__________4. The basic social unit in the Philippine society
__________5. An attitude of “what goes around, comes around” or “come what may”.
__________6. This is prevalent in politics where people tend to push each other down to clear the way
for their gain.
__________7. Most Filipinos, even those in poverty, are fond of branded imported items and they think
that anything American or Western made are superior while anything locally made is
inferior.
__________8. A situation where an individual is required to return a favor or service received.
__________9. The ability to merge one’s identity with that if another person.
__________10. Things, persons, ideas, or goals which are important to life; anything which enables life
to be understood, evaluated, and directed.
II. Enumerate and white the results of the strengths and weaknesses of Filipino character.
UNIT VII
VOLUNTEERISM
Overview
This unit shall orient you on the definition and importance of volunteerism. Likewise, the unit will
show you the importance of volunteerism as a tool and mechanism in the attainment of genuine
development.
Lesson Objectives
1. Define volunteerism;
2. Identify the elements of volunteerism;
3. Appreciate the role of the youth in strengthening volunteerism and the importance of
voluntary action.
Setting Up
Name: ______________________________________________________________________________
Course/YearandSection: ______________________________________________________________________________
In a separate piece of paper, answer the following
1. If the government’s prime duty is to serve and protect its citizens, what is our responsibility
to the state in return?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
2. Why is it that the government recognizes the important role of the youth in the nation-
building?
“The smallest act of kindness is worth more than the grandest intention.”
~Oscar Wilde
Lesson Proper
Studies and literatures in human behavior have claimed that helping others without expecting in
return helps cure our emotional pain and brings joy in our hearts. Humanitarian efforts are so
effective in making up with the imperfections of every society. Possibly, the last bastion of human
existence will rely on the hands of the unpaid or unsung helpers of humanity.
Volunteerism is an act or practice, or principle of contributing one's time, talents, and resources
freely to worthwhile purposes without tangible compensation. (quizlet)
Volunteerism is the taking of initiative or letting oneself in (for the benefit of another) without
expecting in return.
By volunteering you are doing an unselfish activity that places the welfare of other people ahead
of your personal concerns. Volunteers receive nothing in return but gains self-worth, self-respect
and fulfillment in their hearts.
Volunteering allows you to connect to your community and make it a better place. Volunteering is
a two-way street: It can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help.
Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost
your social skills.
ELEMENTS OF VOLUNTEERISM (BV. Semah: Young at Heart GH. July 05,2016)
1. SELFLESSNESS The first element of volunteerism should be selflessness. The “genesis” of every
noble volunteering initiative is a desire to make life better for others, especially those who are
underprivileged. Volunteers are those individuals who are commited to solving a problem in
society not for any direct economic benefits but with the objective of putting smiles on the face of
others. As english novelist George Elliot rightly wrote “what do we live for if not to make life less
difficult for others”?
2. SACRIFICE Selflessness leads to sacrifice. To sacrifice simply means to give up something
valuable in order to attain a desired objective. True volunteerism requires a great deal of sacrifice.
A response to the call to volunteerism demands a willingness to sacrifice one’s time, energy, money
and other resources as well as stepping outside your comfort zone all in the name of making a
difference in the life of others. Sometimes to show love will mean “to give, but give until it hurts”.
And that’s what sacrifice is all about.
Be encouraged to volunteer for a worthy cause.
3. SERVICE Another necessary element of volunteerism is service. One question that keeps ringing
in the mind of well-meaning volunteers is; what can I do in my own small way to contribute to
“healing the world and making it a better place.”? The foundation of volunteerism is LOVE. And love
as Mother Teresa once said ” cannot remain by itself — it has no meaning. Love has to be put into
action and that action is service.”
Be encouraged to volunteer for a worthy cause.
4. SUPPORT Finally, every worthwhile volunteering endeavour needs the unremitting support of
individuals, corporate bodies and even the political authourity. Individuals or groups who are
volunteering to provide solutions to some identified problems and causing a positive change in
society should be acknowledged and encouraged. You should support such ones financially if you
have the means. If not, you can equally support with your prayers and that will also count as an
invaluable contribution.
Be encouraged to volunteer for a worthy cause for what may you do voluntarily could possibly
contribute for the betterment of the society.
The dream of a brighter future can only be realized when change makers, that is SELFLESS
individuals who are making SACRIFICES to SERVE in love are SUPPORTED.
The government alone cannot provide solutions to all the problems that exist in our communities.
Together with the support of other sectors, the youth as volunteers of today and future leaders
could provide great help to the government in addressing social problems.
The Filipino Youth
The Filipino youth as the hope of the future are considered as the most valuable resource of the
country. The youth’s enterprising spirit and progressive idealism can contribute a lot in our desire
to build a progressive Philippines. The “Youth in Nation-Building Act” (RA 8044) which was enacted
in 1995 established the National Youth Commission and the National Comprehensive and
Coordinated Programs on Youth Development. This act defined the Filipino youth as those with
ages 15-30.
Role of the youth in nation-building
The 1987 Philippine Constitution have clearly recognized the vital role of the youth in nation
building. The constitution in recognizing the importance of the youth as partners of the government
in nation building created a specific constitutional provision for the promotion and protection of
the physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being of the youth. Likewise, as youth is
the future of this land, the constitution instructed the state to inculcate on the minds of the youth
the concept of nationalism and patriotism while encouraging them to be involve in public and civic
affairs.
An act institutionalizing strategy for rural development strengthening volunteerism and for other
purposes.
Volunteer Act of 2007
• Legislation that recognizes volunteerism or “bayanihan”;
• Let’s the government partnership achieve the desired transformation development through
volunteerism;
• this Act recognizes different roles in the different sectors; and
• encourage academic institutions to continuously teach and practice volunteerism
The three main objectives of the Volunteer Act of 2007
1. To provide a policy framework on volunteerism that shall underscore the fundamental
principles necessary to harness and harmonize the broad and diverse efforts of the voluntary sector
in the country into an integrative and effective partnership for local and national development as
well as international cooperation and understanding.
2. To provide a conducive and enabling environment for volunteers and volunteer service
organizations by a setting mechanism to protect volunteers’ rights and privileges and give due
recognition to highlight their roles and contributions to society; and
3. To provide an effective institutional mechanism to strengthen the role of the Philippine
National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency PNVSCA) to perform its mandates and to oversee
the implementation of this Act.
BENEFITS OF VOLUNTEERISM
1. Volunteering connects you to others
2. Volunteering helps you make new friends and contacts
3. Volunteering increases your social and relationship skills
4. Volunteering is good for your mind and body
5. Volunteering increases self-confidence.
6. Volunteering combats depression.
7. Volunteering can provide career experience
8. Volunteering can teach you valuable job skills
As a student, what can you contribute to the transformation of the Philippines?

1. Study hard and finish your course.
2. Attend to your personal and filial responsibilities.
3. Respect/obey the laws and rules of the land.
4. Be an active citizen within the bounds of the law.
5. Join organizations or associations created for the betterment of our society.
6. Learn more about our historical /cultural heritage.
7. Love your country, your culture, traditions, and your people.
8. Be a human person that is acting within the bounds of morality.
9. Follow and respect your parents.
10. Take part in any activities or organizations that take part in the nation-building.
11. Be a good ambassador wherever you go because it will reflect your nationality.
12. Always do what is right in the eyes of man and God’s eyes
13. Vote wisely during elections.
We can do our share in nation-building by helping improve a lot of people around who is in need.
Even merely helping improve our domestic helper’s lives is already doing something. To help
someone who feels worthless to feel worthy again and even only to have empathy and compassion
for another is to contribute to the building of a just and humane society. We can transform our
country from below by earning an honest living, treating one another as brothers and sisters giving
everyone his/her due and living, and working together in harmony. By dint of many small efforts on
the part of many people, starting with ourselves, we can do something good for others and our
country too. We can find heroes among the ordinary people, those who help build our nation by the
truly heroic act of being good and responsible citizens.
As a Filipino Citizen, you can help by/through:

1. Do not buy smuggled goods.
2. Follow traffic rules.
3. Whenever you buy or pay for anything, always ask for an official receipt.
4. When you talk to others, especially to foreigners, speak positively about our race and our
country.
5. Do not litter. Dispose of your garbage properly. Segregate, recycle, conserve.
6. Support your church or charitable or civic organizations.
7. Adopt a scholar.
8. Be a good parent. Teach your kids to abide by the law and to love our country.
9. Pay your taxes.
10. Have faith in the Divine Providence.
11. Safeguard the purity of suffrage and abide by the decisions of the majority.
12. Lead and respect your parents.
13. Honor the memory of our heroes.
14. Lead a clean and frugal life.
References:
Book:
De Leon,Hector. Textbook on the 1987 Philippine Constitution (2008)
Manuel M,Banez R,and Gotico R,Study Guide in NSTP 1 for NEUST students (2019)
Laws:
1987 Philippine Constitution
The National Service Training Program Law( RA 9163)
Online Resources:
ELEMENTS OF VOLUNTEERISM (BV. Semah: Young at Heart GH. July 05,2016)
Quizlet
philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-v/#:~:text=Suffrage
%20may%20be%20exercised%20by,months%20immediately%20preceding%20the%20election.
philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iv/
http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
Assessment
Name:
Course/Section:
True or False
_______1. According to Oscar Wilde, Humanitarian efforts are so effective in making up with the
imperfections of every society.
_______2. By volunteering you are doing an unselfish activity that places the welfare of other people
ahead of your personal concerns.
_______3. Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your network,
and boost your social skills.
_______4. The first element of volunteerism should be sacrifice.
_______5. True volunteerism requires a great deal of sacrifice.
_______6. The foundation of volunteerism is SACRIFICE.
_______7. The government is the only one who provide solutions to all the problems that exist in our
communities
_______8. To provide a conducive and enabling environment for volunteers and volunteer service
organizations by a setting mechanism to protect volunteers’ rights and privileges and give due
recognition to highlight their roles and contributions to society is one of the main objectives of
Volunteer Act of 2007.
_______9. Volunteering helps you make new friends and contacts is one of the benefits of
volunteerism
_______10. We can do our share in nation-building by helping improve a lot of people around who is
in need.
Part II: Fill in the blanks
___________1. An act or practice, or principle of contributing one's time, talents, and resources freely
to worthwhile purposes without tangible compensation.
___________2. The first element of volunteerism.
___________3. An act institutionalizing strategy for rural development strengthening volunteerism

and for other purposes.
___________4. Another term for Volunteer Act of 2007 or volunteerism
___________5. This act defined the Filipino youth as those with ages ______.
___________6. The “Youth in Nation-Building Act” (RA 8044) which was enacted in ______established
the National Youth Commission and the National Comprehensive and Coordinated Programs on
Youth Development.
___________7. The foundation of volunteerism is LOVE. And love as ______ once said ” cannot remain by
itself — it has no meaning. Love has to be put into action and that action is service.”
___________8. Third Element of Volunteerism
___________9. Do not buy _____.
___________10. Honor the memory of our ____.

UNIT VIII
PEACE EDUCATION
Overview
This unit gives you the idea of what Peace Education is all about. Furthermore, the unit shall
explain what is Religious Pluralism, Cultural diversity and its impact on the attainment of genuine
peace. This unit shall also help you understand Conflict Management and its different Styles.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the unit, I will be able to:
1. Define Peace Education and identify its components;

2. Give the meaning of Religious Pluralism;
3. Know the significance of Cultural diversity;
4. Understand integrative negotiations and peer mediation in resolving conflicts; and
5. Promote social conditions that are conducive to Peace.
Setting Up
Name: _________________________________________________
Course/Year and section: _____________________________
Directions: According to Alicia Cabezudo and Magnus Haavelsrud, “Peace education alone
will not achieve necessary changes for peace. It prepares learners to achieve change”. Have you
ever asked yourself, what will be the impact of Peace Education to you as a human being? Or how
this will change your life? With this stance, answer the following questions by writing on the spaces
provided.
1. Does Peace Education can be a great help not only in you but also in society?
2. In your own perception, does Peace Education really matters? Why?

Lesson Proper
What is Peace Education?
Peace education activities promote the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will help people
either to prevent the occurrence of conflict, resolve conflicts peacefully, or create social conditions
conducive to peace.
Core values of nonviolence and social justice are central to peace education. Nonviolence is
manifested through values such as respect for human rights, freedom, and trust. Social justice is
realized by principles of equality, responsibility, and solidarity.
To achieve these ideals, peace education programs across the world address a wide range of
themes. These include nonviolence, conflict resolution techniques, democracy, disarmament,
gender equality, human rights, environmental responsibility, history, communication skills,
coexistence, and international understanding and tolerance of diversity.
Peace education can be delivered to people of all ages, in both formal and informal settings.
Programs exist at local, national, and international levels, and in times of peace, conflict, and post-
conflict.
To create public dialogue different factions of society are often brought together in peace
education programs – these typically include civil society groups, schools, tribal leaders, and the
media. Yet due to the many areas covered by peace education, initiatives are primarily determined
by culture and context, as well as by the projects’ scopes and objectives.
Peace education and peace building are therefore intrinsically linked. The UN’s actions for
peace building include education as one of its principal components. For peace building initiatives
to remain sustainable attitudes towards war and violence must be transformed and translated into
long-term behavioural changes that seek alternative solutions to armed conflict.
Religious Pluralism as a Component of Peace Education
Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief

systems co-existing in society. It can indicate one or more of the following:
1. As the name of the worldview according to which one's religion is not held to be the sole and
exclusive source of truth, and thus the acknowledgment that at least some truths and true
values exist in other religions.
2. As acceptance of the concept that two or more religions with mutually exclusive truth claims
are equally valid, this may be considered a form of either toleration (a concept that arose as a
result of the European wars of religion) or moral relativism.
3. The understanding that the exclusive claims of different religions turn out, upon closer
examination, to be variations of universal truths that have been taught since time immemorial.
This is called Perennialism (based on the concept of philosophiaperennis) or Traditionalism.
4. Sometimes as a synonym for ecumenism, i.e., the promotion of some level of unity, co-operation,
and improved understanding between different religions or different denominations within a
single religion.
5. As a term for the condition of harmonious co-existence between adherents of different religions
or religious denominations.
6. As a social norm and not merely a synonym for religious diversity.
Religious pluralism, broadly construed, is a response to the diversity of religious beliefs,

practices, and traditions that exist both in the contemporary world and throughout history. The
terms “pluralism” and “pluralist” can be depending on context or intended use, signify anything
from the mere fact of religious diversity to a particular kind of philosophical or theological
approach to such diversity, one usually characterized by humility regarding the level of truth and
effectiveness of one’s religion, as well as the goals of respectful dialogue and mutual understanding
with other traditions. The term “diversity” refers here to the phenomenal fact of the variety of
religious beliefs, practices, and traditions. The terms “pluralism” and “pluralist” refer to one form of
response to such diversity.
Gender and Sexuality
In general terms, "sex" refers to the biological differences between males and females, such
as the genitalia and genetic differences.
"Gender" is more difficult to define, but it can refer to the role of a male or female in society,
known as a gender role, or an individual's concept of them, or gender identity.
Sometimes, a person's genetically assigned sex does not line up with their gender identity.
These individuals might refer to themselves as transgender, non-binary, or gender-nonconforming.
The State recognizes the fundamental right of every person regardless of sex, age, class,
status, ethnicity, colour, disability, religious and political beliefs, sexual orientation, or gender
identity or expression to be free from any form of discrimination
The SOGIE (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression) Equality Bill, also
known as the Anti-Discrimination Bill (ADB), is proposed legislation of the Congress of the
Philippines. It is intended to prevent various economic and public accommodation-related acts of
discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression.
Gender Equality including the LGBT community is a vital element of peace education. As all
of us are involved in the desire to attain peace, it is just but proper or indispensable to involved
gender equality on our journey towards the road of long-lasting peace.
The term “culturally diverse” is often used interchangeably with the concept of
“multiculturalism.” Multiculturalism is defined as:
“…a system of beliefs and behaviours’ that recognizes and respects the presence of all diverse
groups in an organization or society, acknowledges and values their socio-cultural differences, and
encourages and enables their continued contribution within an inclusive cultural context which
empowers all within the organization or society.
Sociologist Dr. Caleb Rosado, who specializes in diversity and multiculturalism, described seven
important actions involved in the definition of multiculturalism:
1. recognition of the abundant diversity of cultures;
2. respect for the differences;
3. acknowledging the validity of different cultural expressions and contributions;
4. valuing what other cultures offer;
5. encouraging the contribution of diverse groups;
6. empowering people to strengthen themselves and others to achieve their maximum potential
by being critical of their own biases; and
7. celebrating rather than just tolerating the differences to bring about unity through diversity.
Why is cultural diversity a “good thing”?
Culture is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us; we evaluate what is
proper or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture. If we are immersed in a culture that
is unlike our own, we may experience culture shock and become disoriented when we come into
contact with a fundamentally different culture. People naturally use their own culture as the
standard to judge other cultures; however, the passing judgment could reach a level where people
begin to discriminate against others whose “ways of being” are different than their own—
essentially, we tend to fear that which we do not understand.
Cultural diversity is important because our country, workplaces, and schools increasingly
consist of various cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. We can learn from one another, but first, we
must have a level of understanding about each other to facilitate collaboration and cooperation.
Learning about other cultures helps us understand different perspectives within the world in which
we live, and helps dispel negative stereotypes and personal biases about different groups.
Also, cultural diversity helps us recognize and respect “ways of being” that are not
necessarily our own, so that as we interact with others, we can build bridges to trust, respect, and
understanding across cultures. Furthermore, this diversity makes our country a more interesting
place to live, as people from diverse cultures contribute to language skills, new ways of thinking,
new knowledge, and different experiences.
How can you support cultural diversity?
1. Increase your level of understanding about other cultures by interacting with people outside of
your own culture—meaningful relationships may never develop simply due to a lack of
understanding.
2. Avoid imposing values on others that may conflict or be inconsistent with cultures other than
your own.
3. When interacting with others who may not be proficient in English, recognize that their
limitations in English proficiency in no way reflects their level of intellectual functioning.
4. Recognize and understand that concepts within the helping profession, such as family, gender
roles, spirituality, and emotional well-being, vary significantly among cultures and influence
behaviour.
5. Within the workplace, educational setting, and/or clinical setting, advocate for the use of
materials that are representative of the various cultural groups within the local community and
the society in general.
6. Intervene appropriately when you observe others engaging in behaviours that show cultural
insensitivity, bias, or prejudice.
7. Be proactive in listening, accepting, and welcoming people and ideas that are different from
your own.
Cultural diversity supports the idea that every person can make a unique and positive
contribution to the larger society because of, rather than despite, their differences. Imagine a place
where diversity is recognized and respected; various cultural ideas are acknowledged and valued;
contributions from all groups are encouraged; people are empowered to achieve their full potential,
and differences are celebrated.
Definition of Conflict Management
Conflict management is the practice of being able to identify and handle conflicts sensibly,
fairly, and efficiently. Since conflicts in a business are a natural part of the workplace, there must be
people who understand conflicts and know how to resolve them. This is important in today's
market more than ever. Everyone is striving to show how valuable they are to the company they
work for and at times, this can lead to disputes with other members of the team.
Conflict Management Styles
Conflicts happen. How an employee responds and resolves conflict will limit or enable that
employee's success. Here are five conflict styles that a manager will follow according to Kenneth W.
Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann:
1. An accommodating manager is one who cooperates to a high degree. This may be at the
manager's own expense and work against that manager's own goals, objectives, and desired
outcomes. This approach is effective when the other person is an expert or has a better solution.
2. Avoiding an issue is one way a manager might attempt to resolve conflict. This type of conflict
style does not help the other staff members reach their goals and does not help the manager
who is avoiding the issue and cannot assertively pursue his or her own goals. However, this
works well when the issue is trivial or when the manager has no chance of winning.
3. Collaborating managers become partners or pair up with each other to achieve both of their
goals in this style. This is how managers break free of the win-lose paradigm and seek the win-
win. This can be effective for complex scenarios where managers need to find a novel solution.
4. Competing: This is the win-lose approach. A manager is acting in a very assertive way to
achieve his or her own goals without seeking to cooperate with other employees, and it may be
at the expense of those other employees. This approach may be appropriate for emergencies
when time is of the essence.
5. Compromising: This is the lose-lose scenario where neither person nor manager achieves what
they want. This requires a moderate level of assertiveness and cooperation. It may be
appropriate for scenarios where you need a temporary solution or where both sides have
equally important goals.
THE RULE OF LAW IN THE WEST PHILIPPINE SEA DISPUTE
By Ret. Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio
What is the dispute in the West Philippine Sea?
China claims “indisputable sovereignty “over all the waters, islands, reefs, rocks, seabed,
minerals, and living and non-living resources falling within its 9-dashed line claim in the South
China Sea. The 9-dashed line area comprises almost 90% of the total area of the South China Sea.
China’s 9-dashed line claim encroaches on 80% of the Philippines’ 200-nm exclusive economic zone
(EEZ) and 100% of its 150-nm extended continental shelf (ECS) facing the South China Sea – what
the Philippines calls the West Philippines Sea. China’s 9-dashedline claim has similar effects on the
EEZs and ECSs of Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia facing the South China Sea. The
countries most adversely affected by China’s 9-dashed line claim, in terms of the size of the area
encroached by the 9-dashed line claim, are the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and
Indonesia, in that order.
Is there an international law that governs the resolution of the West Philippine Sea dispute?
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, or UNCLOS, which entered into
force in 1994, governs the conflicting maritime claims in the South China Sea. All the claimant states
in the South China Sea dispute, including the Philippines and China, have ratified UNCLOS. UNCLOS
is the Constitution for the world’s oceans and seas. UNCLOS codified the then-existing customary
international law of the sea, created novel entitlements in favour of coastal and landlocked states,
and adopted a compulsory dispute settlement mechanism to ensure that there is a final
authoritative body to interpret and apply its provisions.
What is the right or entitlement of the Philippines under international law that is being
violated by China?
Under UNCLOS, every coastal state is entitled as a matter of international law to a 200-nm
EEZ, plus an additional 150-nm ECS where applicable, drawn from baselines on continental land or
islands. In place of this additional 150-nm ECS, a coastal state may adopt an ECS of up to 100-nm
seaward from the 2,500-meter isobaths. This legal maritime entitlement is one of the most
important reasons why developing coastal states approved UNCLOS. Without this important legal
maritime entitlement, there might have been no UNCLOS. In case of overlapping EEZs or ECSs, the
opposing or adjacent coastal states shall negotiate in good faith an equitable maritime boundary.
China’s 9-dashed line claim negates, and thus violates, the Philippines’ legal entitlement
under UNCLOS to an EEZ and ECS. China’s 9-dashed line claim also negates, and thus violates, the
right of all states on this planet, including the Philippines, to fish in the high seas or the area beyond
the EEZ of a coastal state. China’s 9-dashed line claim furthermore negates and thus violates, the
right of all states on this planet, including the Philippines, to the seabed and its mineral resources
beyond the ECS of a coastal state. Finally, China’s claim of “indisputable sovereignty “to areas of the
South China Sea beyond the EEZs of coastal states violates the prohibition under UNCLOS against
states subjecting the high seas to their sovereignty.
What are the ramifications/consequences of this case in the Philippines?
The Philippines has wisely chosen to bring its maritime dispute with China to a forum
where warships, fighter planes, and missiles do not count, eliminating the military advantage of
China and ensuring that the outcome of the dispute will be decided only under the Rule of Law. It
was a wise decision, but one borne out of necessity because it was the only viable option open to
the Philippines.
We have to admit that as a nation we have neglected to maintain a credible self-defense

force, particularly in our naval assets despite our being an archipelagic country with extensive
coastlines and a vast EEZ. We are paying dearly for this neglect, by losing Mischief Reef in 1995,
Scarborough Shoal in 2012, and most likely Ayungin Shoal soon. To remain a sovereign and
independent nation, to maintain our territorial integrity, to avoid further humiliation, and to
maintain our self-respect as a nation, we must build and maintain a credible self-defense force.
There is simply no alternative to this. No nation can remain sovereign, independent, and free for
long without maintaining a credible self-defense force, even if international law and world opinion
are on its side.
As a nation, we must also understand that the maritime and territorial dispute with China in
the West Philippine Sea is an inter-generational struggle to maintain our sovereignty and territorial
integrity. Our generation may win the legal battle in the UNCLOS arbitration case, but for sure China
will not simply abandon its massive structure in Mischief Reef or withdraw its surveillance vessels
in Scarborough Shoal.
After securing a favourable ruling from the arbitral tribunal, our generation must still win
over world opinion and convince the Chinese people that they will become a rogue nation if their
Government continues to violate international law. The Chinese leaders may not survive politically
if they simply abandon the 9-dashed line claim without the Chinese people being convinced that
their 9-dashed line claim is against international law. The present generation of Chinese has been
taught from the time they entered school that the South China Sea belongs to them.
The next generation of Filipinos, and even the generation after them, must continue to wage
a worldwide campaign to convince the Chinese people that the 9-dashed line claim has no basis in
international law.
References:
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990). History of the Filipino people. Quezon City: Garotech
Publishing.
Deleon, Hector. (2008) Textbook on the 1987 Philippine Constitution.Rex Book Store
(Intro to Psych 10th ed. by Atkinson, Smith, Bem, p 523).
Espinas, Arnold L., Ferrer, Melchor P., Dalangin. Propecasio D., Santos, Miguel
R., DeJesus Marilyn T., Cabasag, Julius F. (2011). Reference Test in NSTP. Mutya
Publishing
Handbook on Community Training Programs for Participatory. ISF.Manila: Central for Rural
Technology Development, Philippine Business for Social Progress, 1999.
Laurel., Jose P., Moral and Educational Orientations for Filipinos. Lyceum Press, Inc. 1959
Manalang Annie C., Citizenship Consciousness and Involvement of the PSUCE Undergraduate
Students in Civic and Public Affairs During the Academic Year, 1984-1985. PSU-CE Pangasinan.
Manalili, Angelito G., Community Organizing for People’s Empowerment, Kapatiran-Kaunlaran

Foundation, Inc., Manila, 1990.
Martires, Conception R. and Galileo S. Fule, Management of Human Behavior in Organizations,

National Book Store, Phil., 1993
Rosado, What Makes a School Multicultural?, accessed December 2010.
Adapted from Promoting Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency, accessed

December 2010.
Bayanihan, The Filipino Spirit of Cooperation
Editors note: In celebration of the Philippines 117th Independence Day, Inquirer net is
Publishing short essays submitted by our readers. Inquirer. net 12, June 2015
Department of Education. (2001). Let’s clean-up the environment. Pasig City: Bureau of Non-Formal
Education, Department of Education.
Department of Education. (2001). This is our culture. Pasig City: Artic Centre. University of Lapland.
Definition of Indigenous People 108
Who are Indigenous People? Oisika Chakrabarti, Department of Public Information, United Nation
Online references:
Ddb.gov.ph
Pdea.gov.ph
www.peaceinsight.org
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
www.filipinomatters.org
http:/www. Human rights education project human rights concepts ideas and for a part
the concept of human rights.
about.com (2009). Addictive substances.http://know.about.com.
https://retiredanalyst.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-rule-of-law-in-west-philippine-sea.html
Assessing Learning
Activity 8
Name: ___________________________________________________Student Number: __________________________

Facilitator: ______________________________________________Year. & Section: ____________________________
1. Identify the roles of family and youth in the Peace Building.
2. Make a reflection on Mindanao and Moro peace crisis.
3. Research on the history of different insurgencies and armed conflicts.
4. Is martial law on your analysis and historical perspective proper?
5. How can you promote peace in the West Philippine issue?
UNIT IX:
DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT
DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Overview:
Human Development is Multi-dimensional, but what do we mean by this? Human development is so
often tied to the idea that a person as a multi dimensional being doesn’t undergo development in
singularity or in just one aspect and from there other aspects or personality of a human being starts
to grow, as a multi dimensional being we are capable of processing things and having a perspective
in a periscope which enables us to see the whole, bits and pieces of everything presents itself to use
in singularity and from there we begin to piece the puzzle. Thus Human Development is also multi-
dimensional and that we do not only develop a certain aspect of ourselves but we develop and
grown in multi-dimensionality and perspectivity.
Learning Outcomes
1. Apply critical and analytical thinking skills to the affairs of daily life
2. Discuss the importance of Dimensions of development.
Setting Up
Name: __________________________________________________
Course/Year and Section: ____________________________
In a separate piece of paper, answer the following:
What do you think makes us human?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Eight Stages of Development
Stage Crisis Virtue

Basic Trust vs. Mistrust Hope
The child is helpless dependent on  Emerges as an enduring belief in the

adults. attainability of fervent wished
Caring is the satisfying needs of the (trusting children are more future-
Infancy
(Birth)
child oriented)
If parents are rejecting and the  Children lacking enough trust cannot
satisfying needs of the child are hope because they must worry
inconsistent, it develops feelings of constantly about whether their needs
mistrust will be satisfied and therefore are tied
to the present.
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Will
Children develop rapidly varied skills.  Defined as the unbroken

Learns how to hold on and let go feces determination to exercise free choice
and urine as well as self-restraint
Early Childhood
A child can willfully decide to do

(Ages 1-3)
something or to do it
Effects of parental discipline and
control over the development of the
child’s self-control
From a sense of self-control without
loss of self-esteem comes a lasting
sense of good will and pride
From a sense of self-control comes a
lasting propensity for doubt and shame
Initiative vs Guilt Purpose
Initiative – the general ability to  The courage to envisage (predict or

initiate ideas and actions and to plan visualize) and pursue goals by the
Pre-school Age
future events defeat of infantile fantasies, by guilt

(Ages 4-5)
The child begins to explore what kind and by foiling fear of punishment
of person he can become limits are
tested to find out what is permissible
and what is not.
Guilt develops if parents ridicule the
child’s self-initiated behaviors and
fantasies.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/p2uiasrl/Furthermore-he-came-to-believe-that-man-is-basically-
good-and-inherently/)
Industry vs Inferiority Competence
Industry – the sense of enjoyment from  It is the free exercise of dexterity and
work and sustained attention intelligence in the completion of tasks,
The child learns skills necessary for unimpaired by infantile inferiority
(Ages6-11)
School Age
economic survival the technological

skills that will allow him to become a
productive member of his/her culture
School is the place where a child is
trained for future employment
Inferiority causes the child to lose
confidence in his/her ability to become
a contributing member of society
Identity vs Role Confusion Fidelity
Identity – means essentially how a  Self-confidence and self-esteem

person sees themselves concerning necessary to freely associate with
their world. It is a sense of self or people and ideas based on merit,
(Ages12-19)
Teen Age
individuality in the context of life and loyalty, social and interpersonal

what lies ahead integrity, discretion, personal
Role Confusion – the negative standards and dignity, pride and
perspective – an absence of identity – personal identity, seeing useful
meaning that the person cannot see personal role(s) and purpose(s) in life
clearly or at all who they are and how
they can relate positively with their
environment
Intimacy vs Isolation Love
(Ages20-25)
Adulthood
Intimacy – the ability to merge one’s  Defines as the mutuality of devotion

Young
identity with that of another person. forever subduing the antagonism

Isolation – the inability to share one’s inherent in dividend functions
identity with that of another person  Development of a greater sense of
intimacy
Generativity vs Stagnation Care

Middle Adulthood
(Ages35-64)
Generativity – the impulse to help  The widening concern for what has
members of the next generation. been generated by love, necessity; it
Stagnation – interpersonal overcomes the ambivalence adhering
impoverishment – the lack of concern to an irresistible obligation
about the next generation.
Ego Integrity vs Despair Wisdom

(65-death)
Old Ages
Ego Integrity – the satisfaction with life  The person has more ego integrity
and the lack of fear of death than despair
Despair – the lack of satisfaction with  Defined as a detached concern with
life life
The stages of development are patterned sequence encompassing appropriate physical,
emotional, and cognitive tasks that individuals must muster in a struggle to adjust to the demands
of the social environment.
Every stage is viewed as a psychosocial crisis or conflict – and whether the conflict of a
specific stage is resolved successfully or not, the individual is pushed into the next stage by both
biological maturation and social demand. The conflict in each stage involves conflicting tasks such
as trust vs. mistrust.
()https://www.coursehero.com/file/p61aghsj/Child-learns-skills-necessary-for-economic-survival-the-
technological-skills/
References:
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990). History of the Filipino people. Quezon City: Garotech
Publishing.
Deleon, Hector. (2008) Textbook on the 1987 Philippine Constitution.Rex Book Store
(Intro to Psych 10th ed. by Atkinson, Smith, Bem, p 523).
Espinas, Arnold L., Ferrer, Melchor P., Dalangin. Propecasio D., Santos, Miguel
R., DeJesus Marilyn T., Cabasag, Julius F. (2011). Reference Test in NSTP. Mutya
Publishing
Handbook on Community Training Programs for Participatory. ISF.Manila: Central for Rural
Technology Development, Philippine Business for Social Progress, 1999.
Laurel., Jose P., Moral and Educational Orientations for Filipinos. Lyceum Press, Inc. 1959
Manalang Annie C., Citizenship Consciousness and Involvement of the PSUCE Undergraduate
Students in Civic and Public Affairs During the Academic Year, 1984-1985. PSU-CE Pangasinan.
Manalili, Angelito G., Community Organizing for People’s Empowerment, Kapatiran-Kaunlaran
Foundation, Inc., Manila, 1990.
Martires, Conception R. and Galileo S. Fule, Management of Human Behavior in Organizations,
National Book Store, Phil., 1993
Rosado, What Makes a School Multicultural?, accessed December 2010.
Adapted from Promoting Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency, accessed
December 2010.
Bayanihan, The Filipino Spirit of Cooperation
Editors note: In celebration of the Philippines 117th Independence Day, Inquirer net is
Publishing short essays submitted by our readers. Inquirer. net 12, June 2015
Department of Education. (2001). Let’s clean-up the environment. Pasig City: Bureau of Non-Formal
Education, Department of Education.
Department of Education. (2001). This is our culture. Pasig City: Artic Centre. University of Lapland.
Definition of Indigenous People 108
Who are Indigenous People? Oisika Chakrabarti, Department of Public Information, United Nation
Online references:
Ddb.gov.ph
Pdea.gov.ph
www.peaceinsight.org
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
www.filipinomatters.org
http:/www. Human rights education project human rights concepts ideas and for a part
the concept of human rights.
about.com (2009). Addictive substances.http://know.about.com.
https://retiredanalyst.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-rule-of-law-in-west-philippine-sea.html
Assessing Learning
Activity 9

Facilitator: ______________________________________________Year. & Section: __________________________
Identification:
1. means essentially how a person sees themselves concerning their world. It is a sense of
self or individuality in the context of life and what lies ahead
2. the negative perspective – an absence of identity – meaning that the person cannot see
clearly or at all who they are and how they can relate positively with their environment
3. the inability to share one’s identity with that of another person
4. Defines as the mutuality of devotion forever subduing the antagonism inherent in

dividend functions
5. the impulse to help members of the next generation.
6. interpersonal impoverishment – the lack of concern about the next generation.
7. The widening concern for what has been generated by love, necessity; it overcomes the
ambivalence adhering to an irresistible obligation
8. the satisfaction with life and the lack of fear of death
9. the lack of satisfaction with life
10. It is the free exercise of dexterity and intelligence in the completion of tasks,
unimpaired by infantile inferiority
UNIT X
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY BASED-MANAGEMENTS
Overview
This unit shall orient you about Community Service and its importance in improving the
quality of life. Moreover, the unit shall discuss the different types of communities and their
characteristics. Lastly, ethical principles shall be thoroughly discussed as these matters are very
important in dealing with the community through humanitarian services.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the unit, I will be able to:

1. Define Community and its different types;
2. Delimit the Fundamentals of Community Service;
3. Realize and formulate solutions on problems and issues in the Community;
4. Familiarize on approaches and methods in Community Organizing and Mobilization;
5. Adopt Ethics and Attitudes in Community Work to the group.
Setting Up
Name: _________________________________________________
Course/Year and section: _____________________________
Coretta Scott King says, “The Greatness of a Community is most accurately measured by the
compassionate actions of its members”.
Direction: From the quotation stated above, give your point of view or reflection by writing your
answer on the space provided.
Lesson Proper
What is Community?
A Community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as norms,
religions, values, customs, or identity.
Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a
country, village, town or neighbourhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms.
Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community,
important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions such as family, home, work,
government, society, or humanity at large. Although communities are usually small relative to
personal social tiles, “community” may also refer to large group affiliations such as national
communities, international communities, and virtual communities.
The English-language word “community” derives from the old French “comunetḗ” (currently
“Communautḗ”), which comes from the Latin communitas “community”, “public spirit” (from Latin
communis, “common”).
Human communities may share intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, and risks in
common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness.
Key Concepts
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
In Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887), German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies describes

two types of human association: Gemeinschaft (usually translated as “community”) and Gesellschaft
(“society” or “association”). Tonnies proposed the Gemeinschaft – Gesellschaft dichotomy as a way
to think about social ties. No group is exclusively one or the other. Gemeinschaft stress personal
social interactions, and the roles, values, and beliefs based on such interactions. Gesellschaft stress
indirect interactions, impersonal roles, formal values, and beliefs based on such interactions.
What are the elements of Community?
The important elements of the community are as follows:
1. Demographics
 Characteristics of population
 Tells about the movement of the population in the community that you will serve
2. History
 Allows you to identify certain patterns of change and people’s way of adapting these
changes that can be useful in plotting your activities
 Events of the past that contributed to the development of the community
3. Understanding the economy, culture, and the community structures

 An economy consist of economic systems of a country or other area; the labour,
capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, production, trade, distribution
and consumption of goods and services of that area;
 Income level of the people
 Culture (Latin: cultura, lit. “cultivation”) ways of living of the people
 Structures physical, political, and social culture
Types of Community
1. Geographic Community is the most powerful force that causes the creation of the
community in which the people’s mobility or day-to-day are confined within a limited by
physical boundaries. They establish their culture by doing their activities within a common
social environment.
2. Tribal Community. The cohesiveness of the community is strengthened by common social

racial attributes and socio-cultural orientations that were passed on from generation to
generation.
3. Symbolic Community. The community is founded on deep rooted submission to belief

system. This community is oftentimes characterized by exclusivity which is driven by the
people’s desire to freely express and practice their belief apart from discriminating view of
others.
4. Built-up Community. Usually located in urban areas and is not always characterized by
cohesiveness because the people’s socio-economic concerns prevail over the entire social
environment.
Other Types of Communities
1. Interest – Communities of people who share the same interest or passion.

2. Action – Communities of people trying to bring about change.
3. Place – Communities of people brought together by geographic boundaries.
4. Practice – Communities of people in the same profession or undertake the same activities.
5. Circumstance – Communities of people brought together by external events/situations.
Community Service is when you work for free to help benefit the public or your community.
Usually students who choose to do community service do so volunteers, meaning that they choose
to help out because they want to do so. Community service can have a lot of positive effects on
students such as helping them to develop skills, making, and allowing them to improve the quality
of life of others.
Community Service is a non- paying job performed by one person or a group of people for
the benefit of the community or its institutions. Community service is distinct from volunteering,
since it is not always performed on a voluntary basis. Personal benefits may be realized, but it may
performed for a variety of reasons including citizenship requirements, a substitution of criminal
justice sanctions, requirements of a school or class, and requisites for receipt of certain benefits.
Engaging in community service provides students with the opportunity to become active
members of their community and has a lasting, positive impact on society at large. Community
service or volunteerism enables students to acquire life skills and knowledge, as well as provide a
service to those who need it most.
Community organizing is a process where people who live in proximity to each other come
together into an organization that acts in their shared self-interest.
Unlike those who promote more-consensual community building, community organizers

generally assume that social change necessarily involves conflict and social struggle in order to
generate collective power for the powerless. Community organizing has as a core goal the
generation of durable power for an organization representing the community, allowing it to
influence key decision-makers on a range of issues over time. In the ideal, for example, this can get
community-organizing groups a place at the table before important decisions are made. Community
organizers work with and develop new local leaders, facilitating coalitions and assisting in the
development of campaigns.
Types of Community Engagement
1. Community engagement with a focus on community development or community building

2. Community participation in consultation and decision-making
3. Community engagement that helps organizations, businesses etc. to improve their service
delivery or to achieve their goals
4. Community engagement as part of social change movements or as part of the work of voluntary
community organizations
Approaches to Community Organization
Neighbourhood organizing is one form of community organizing. This is nothing but an

effort by the community to solve the day to day problems and help those in need. There are three
type approaches to neighbourhood organizing.
1. The Social Work Approach: In this approach, the society is viewed as a social organism and
therefore the efforts are oriented towards building a sense of community. The community
organizer whose role is of an "enabler or an advocate” helps the community identify a problem
in the neighbourhood and strives to achieve the needed social resources by gathering the
existing the social services and by lobbying with some in power to meet the needs of the
neighbourhood. This method is more consensual and the neighbourhood is seen as a collective
client.
2. The Political Activists Approach: Saul Alinsky, the Godfather of community organizing is the
founder of this approach. The basic philosophy of this approach is based on his thinking that "
more representative the organization the stronger the organization." In this approach the
community is seen as a political entity and not as a social organism. Here, the neighbourhood is
viewed as a potential power base capable of getting power. The role of the community
organizer is to help the community understand the problem in terms of power and necessary
steps are taken to mobilize the community. The problem of the neighbourhood is always
identified as absence of power and in the interest of gaining power for the neighbourhood the
organizers are faced with conflicts with groups, interests and elites. Since most of the
community organizers come from outside the community, it has faced the problems of equality
of power relations and leadership in the community.
3. Neighbourhood Maintenance/Community development Approach: This approach has emerged
out of both the previous approaches namely within the same neighbourhood movements. It is
seen in the form of civic associations. This association uses peer group pressure to provide
services in the community. They use this strategy to pressurize the officials to deliver services
to the community but sometimes this approach takes the form of political activists approach as
they realize that their goals can be only achieved only through confrontations. In this approach
we see the characteristics of de-emphasis on dissent and confrontation and these organizations
view themselves as more proactive and development minded.
4. Neighbourhood Development Approach: Neighbourhood Model is the oldest model of

community organization. This model has been practiced in India and in some of the
underdeveloped countries. It has been used in the developmental activities. In general it is
believed that people living in a neighbourhood have the capacity to meet the problems they
come across in their day to day life through their own efforts and resources. The main aspect
here is that the community realizes its needs and takes appropriate steps to meet the needs of
the community, which will bring greater satisfaction to all its members both individually and
collectively. The role of the worker in this model is to induce a process that will sensitize the
community and make the community realize its needs. Based on the value of self-sustenance
the worker energizes the community and makes the community self-reliant, and not merely
depending on the help form outside. So rather than providing services in the community, the
communities are energized to meet its own needs. This model encourages the people to think
for themselves rather
5. System Change Approach: As the name suggests, the system change model aims at developing
strategies to either restructure or modify the system. Thus it is termed as "System Change
approach to community work”. Although we find glimpses of this model gaining more
acceptances, this has not become very popular. We know of various mechanisms that cater to
the needs of the society. Such as education, health services housing, women empowerment, and
employment. All these services are rooted through various systems and all these systems do
have sub-systems. The fundamental aspect in this model is that the due to various reasons the
systems become dysfunctional. For example the system of education as we have it today,
reveals that the cities have better educational faculties as compared to the rural areas. This
system (education policy) of education has generated disparities in the society. i.e. access to
education, lack of basic facilities, trained staff, etc. The system instead of becoming a tool of
empowering mechanism brings disparities between people of different socio-economic
condition. So the system has failed to achieve its objectives. Thus the worker on observing this
dysfunction in the community finds it important to develop strategies to restructure or modify
the system.
6. Structural Change Approach: One of the most difficult and rarely practiced models of
community work is structural change model. The society consists of small communities and it is
nothing but "a web of relationships". These relationships of the people are formally structured
by the respective countries' state policies, law and constitutions and informally by its customs,
traditions etc. that determines the social rights of the individuals. The social structure in some
of the societies is controlled by the state. Understanding the macro- structure of social
relationship and its impact on the micro realities, the worker tries to mobilize the public
opinion to radically change the macro-structure. Thus the structural change model aims to
bring a new social order, an alternative form of society which will transform the existing
conditions at the micro-level. This can happen only if an alternative form of political ideology is
adopted. This form of community work may originate from a community itself but it has wider
coverage i.e. the entire society or nation. Sometimes this takes the shape of social action, which
is another method of social work profession. Since the general situation in the developing
countries is very peculiar, it is very difficult for the community worker to actually practice this
model.
Ethics and Attitudes in Community Work
Ethical community work/engagement involves working to high ethical standards and so

how we go about engagement is vitally important. The following are some of the principles:
1. Careful planning and preparation: Through adequate and inclusive planning, ensure that the
design, organization, and convening of the process serve both a clearly defined purpose and
the needs of the participants.
2. Inclusion and demographic diversity: Equitably incorporate diverse people, voices, ideas,
and information to lay the groundwork for quality outcomes and democratic legitimacy.
3. Collaboration and shared purpose: Support and encourage participants, government and
community institutions, and others to work together to advance the common good.
4. Openness and learning: Help all involved listen to each other, explore new ideas
unconstrained by predetermined outcomes, learn and apply information in ways that
generate new options, and rigorously evaluate public engagement activities for
effectiveness.
5. Transparency and trust: Be clear and open about the process, and provide a public record of
the organizers, sponsors, outcomes, and range of views and ideas expressed.
6. Impact and action: Ensure each participatory effort has real potential to make a difference,
and that participants are aware of that potential.
7. Sustained engagement and participatory culture promote a culture of participation with

programs and institutions that support on going quality public engagement.
Additional Ethical Principles
1. Courage
2. Inclusiveness
3. Commitment
4. Respect & honesty
5. Flexibility
6. Practicability
7. Mutual obligation
What is Community Immersion?
Community immersion allows individuals who are not familiar with the people and
communities where they will work immerse themselves in these settings. This gives them the
opportunity to reflect on their assumptions, attitudes, and the knowledge base of their profession
and to gain cultural competence. In the education field, it is an approach that has evolved with
changing composition and diversity of schools and the continuing preponderance of white and
female teachers.
How It Works
Communities become integral partners in educator preparation in different ways.

Individuals can participate in:
 a residency program, where they live and work in a community and take courses for a
specified period of time; and
 a field experience-based program, where methods courses are held in urban schools and
summer exposures include exploring and learning about the community and interning with
community agencies.
Why immersion is an important approach (strategy) in giving service to the

communities?
 An old proverb says that “Experience is the best teacher”

 Through community immersion, the students will be exposed in further and other realities
of life which they may or may not belong
 The role of the youth in the national/local development cannot be overemphasized. To
reinforce this, are the very words of our national hero, “The youth is the hope of the
Motherland”
Reference:
Sonia Gasilla ,Ed.d.Edeliza Dela Cruz-Lazo,Palino M. Mapue,NSTP (Literacy Training Service 1)

Espinas,Arnold L.,Ferrer,Melchor P.,Dalanagin.Propecasio D.,Santos,Miguel R.,De Jesus Marilyn
T.,Cabasag,Julius F.(2011)Reference test in NSTP.Mutya Publishing
Online Resources:
https://medium.com/familyengagementplaybook/gfrp-community-immersion-
84ff40545db0#:~:text=What%20It%20Is,and%20to%20gain%20cultural%20competence
https://www.academia.edu/29905321/NSTP_lecture_notes
Assessing Learning
Activity 7
Facilitator: ____________________________________________ _Year & Section: ____________________________
I. Identify the approach involved in each statement.
________1.The society consists of small communities and it is nothing but "a web of relationships.
________2.It aims at developing strategies to either restructure or modify the system.
________3.It aims to bring a new social order.
________4.This is seen in the form of civic associations.
________5.The worker tries to mobilize the public opinion to radically change the macro-structure.
________6.The society is viewed as a social organism and therefore the efforts are oriented towards
building a sense of community.
________7.The fundamental aspect in this model is that the due to various reasons the systems
become dysfunctional.
________8.This approach has emerged out of both the previous approaches namely within the same
neighbourhood movements.
________9.The basic philosophy of this approach is based on his thinking that " more representative
the organization the stronger the organization.
________10.This method is more consensual.
1. What are the principles governing ethics and attitudes in community service?
2. In a separate sheet of paper make a project plan of yourself community service.

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UNIT I

HISTORY OF NSTP AND NEUST

HISTORY OF NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)

On August 8, 1980, the amendment of Commonwealth Act No. 1 gave existence to

REPUBLIC ACT NO.9163 (January 23, 2002)

2. Literacy Training Service (LTS). A program tailored to develop students to become

Art 2, 1987 Philippine Constitution

GUIDELINES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAM (NSP) AT THE

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Mission and Vision

 Conduct of research and development projects;

Study Guide in NSTP 1 for NEUST students (2019)

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Student Number: _________________

I. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING:

II. In a sheet of paper, tell something about the following.

1. 1. Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

4. Why are foreigners not required to take up NSTP?

IV. Recitation (Submission through e-mail or messenger)

1. NEUST March, Vision, Mission, Taglines

In a separate sheet yellow paper, answer the following:

1. What does it mean to be a nationalist?

 Legislation that recognizes volunteerism or “bayanihan”;

NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

What does Nationalism mean?

GENERAL WAYS OF ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP

Citizen, Subject, Alien, Dual Citizenship and Dual Allegiance

Persons disqualified to vote

ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

OBLIGATIONS OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN AS PROVIDED IN THE 1987 PHILIPPINE

Volunteer Act of 2007 (RA9418)

1. Explain, the Philippines as a Republican and democratic state.

Definition and Concept

WHY DO PEOPLE TURN TO DRUGS?

HISTORY AND COMMONLYABUSED DRUGS IN THE PHILIPPINES

A. PRE-MARTIAL LAW ERA

a. Hallucinogens – drugs which affect sensation, thinking and emotion

Example: Marijuana, Hashish, LSD

b. Sedatives – drugs which reduces anxiety and excitement

c. Narcotics – drugs that relieve pain and induce sleep

Example: Opium and derivatives like Heroin, Morphine, Codeine

B. MARTIAL LAW ERA

a. Cough Syrups – with narcotic and non-narcotic cough suppressants

Example: Corex, Endotussin, Robitussin AC, etc.

b. Inhalants – chemicals used by manufacturing industries

Example: Rugby, Glue, Thinner

C. AFTER EDSA REVOLUTION

a. Stimulants – drugs which increase alertness

Example: Amphetamine, Derivatives, Cocaine

HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A PERSON IS ON DRUGS?

ILL EFFECTS OF DRUGS

These are several effects of drugs:

A. MENTAL HEALTH/PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

a. Disturbance in Perception – auditory and visual hallucination

B. PHYSICAL HEALTH/PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE

The following are the profile of a drug dependent or a substance abuser:

 Changes in attendance in school or work

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS

1. Experimenters – people who abuse the drug(s) for an experimental basis.

Name: ____________________________________________ Student Number: _

Name: _______________________ Student Number: